Corpora arenacea (singular: corpus arenaceum,[1] also called brain sand or acervuli[2][3] or psammoma bodies[4] or pineal concretions[4]) are calcified structures in the pineal gland and other areas of the brain such as the choroid plexus. Older organisms have numerous corpora arenacea, whose function, if any, is unknown. Concentrations of "brain sand" increase with age, so the pineal gland becomes increasingly visible on X-rays over time, usually by the third or fourth decade. They are sometimes used as anatomical landmarks in radiological examinations.[5]
Brain sand
Histopathology of a corpus arenaceum in cerebral white matter
^Tomonari, Yuki; Sato, Junko; Wako, Yumi; Tsuchitani, Minoru (2012). "Age-related Histological Findings in the Pineal Gland of Crl:CD(SD) Rats". Journal of Toxicologic Pathology. 25 (4): 287–91. doi:10.1293/tox.25.287. PMC3517926. PMID 23345933.
^Vígh, B; Szél, A; Debreceni, K; Fejér, Z; Manzano e Silva, MJ; Vígh-Teichmann, I (1998). . Histology and Histopathology. 13 (3): 851–70. PMID 9690142. Archived from the original on 2016-10-17. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
^Kim, Jinkyung; Kim, Hyun-Wook; Chang, Soeun; Kim, Jee Woong; Je, Jung Ho; Rhyu, Im Joo (2012). "Growth patterns for acervuli in human pineal gland". Scientific Reports. 2: 984. Bibcode:2012NatSR...2E.984K. doi:10.1038/srep00984. PMC3523289. PMID 23248747.
^ abTan, Dun Xian; Xu, Bing; Zhou, Xinjia; Reiter, Russel J. (2018-01-31). "Pineal Calcification, Melatonin Production, Aging, Associated Health Consequences and Rejuvenation of the Pineal Gland". Molecules. 23 (2): 301. doi:10.3390/molecules23020301. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC6017004. PMID 29385085.
^"thesis:The Effect of Fluoride on the Physiology of the Pineal Gland" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-04. The calcified pineal is used as a landmark in skull X- rays because of its radio-opacity
^Angervall, Lennart; Berger, Sven; Röckert, Hans (2009). "A Microradiographic and X-Ray Crystallographic Study of Calcium in the Pineal Body and in Intracranial Tumours". Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica. 44 (2): 113–119. doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1958.tb01060.x. PMID 13594470.
^Bocchi, Giancarlo; Valdre, Giovanni; Valdre, Giovanni (1993). "Physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterization of carbonate-hydroxyapatite concretions of the human pineal gland". Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 49 (3): 209–20. doi:10.1016/0162-0134(93)80006-U. PMID 8381851.
^Baconnier, Simon; Lang, Sidney B.; Polomska, Maria; Hilczer, Bozena; Berkovic, Garry; Meshulam, Guilia (2002). "Calcite microcrystals in the pineal gland of the human brain: First physical and chemical studies". Bioelectromagnetics. 23 (7): 488–95. doi:10.1002/bem.10053. PMID 12224052. S2CID 13276067.
Further readingedit
Garma-Aviña, A. (2000). "Excretory Plugs from the Choroid Plexus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Dogs with Neurological Disease: Possible Role in the Formation of Corpora Arenacea". Journal of Comparative Pathology. 123 (2–3): 146–51. doi:10.1053/jcpa.2000.0405. PMID 11032668.
Reiter, Russel J.; Welsh, Marcia G.; Vaughan, Mary K. (1976). "Age-related changes in the intact and sympathetically denervated gerbil pineal gland". American Journal of Anatomy. 146 (4): 427–31. doi:10.1002/aja.1001460405. PMID 941859.
Klein, Pavel; Rubinstein, Lucien J (1989). "Benign symptomatic glial cysts of the pineal gland: a report of seven cases and review of the literature". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 52 (8): 991–5. doi:10.1136/jnnp.52.8.991. PMC1031840. PMID 2677249.
Vigh, B; Vigh-Teichmann, I; Aros, B (1989). "Pineal corpora arenacea produced by arachnoid cells in the bat Myotis blythi oxygnathus". Zeitschrift für Mikroskopisch-anatomische Forschung. 103 (1): 36–45. PMID 2756745.
External linksedit
Histology image: 14401loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
Histology image: 41_03 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center - "Pineal gland"
This neuroanatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
corpora, arenacea, confused, with, corpora, amylacea, singular, corpus, arenaceum, also, called, brain, sand, acervuli, psammoma, bodies, pineal, concretions, calcified, structures, pineal, gland, other, areas, brain, such, choroid, plexus, older, organisms, h. Not to be confused with Corpora amylacea Corpora arenacea singular corpus arenaceum 1 also called brain sand or acervuli 2 3 or psammoma bodies 4 or pineal concretions 4 are calcified structures in the pineal gland and other areas of the brain such as the choroid plexus Older organisms have numerous corpora arenacea whose function if any is unknown Concentrations of brain sand increase with age so the pineal gland becomes increasingly visible on X rays over time usually by the third or fourth decade They are sometimes used as anatomical landmarks in radiological examinations 5 Brain sandHistopathology of a corpus arenaceum in cerebral white matterDetailsIdentifiersLatincorpora arenaceaTHH3 08 02 3 00007Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata Chemical analysis shows that they are composed of calcium phosphate later characterized as hydroxyapatite 6 calcium carbonate magnesium phosphate and ammonium phosphate 7 Recently calcite deposits have been described as well 8 References edit Tomonari Yuki Sato Junko Wako Yumi Tsuchitani Minoru 2012 Age related Histological Findings in the Pineal Gland of Crl CD SD Rats Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 25 4 287 91 doi 10 1293 tox 25 287 PMC 3517926 PMID 23345933 Vigh B Szel A Debreceni K Fejer Z Manzano e Silva MJ Vigh Teichmann I 1998 Comparative histology of pineal calcification Histology and Histopathology 13 3 851 70 PMID 9690142 Archived from the original on 2016 10 17 Retrieved 2016 08 04 Kim Jinkyung Kim Hyun Wook Chang Soeun Kim Jee Woong Je Jung Ho Rhyu Im Joo 2012 Growth patterns for acervuli in human pineal gland Scientific Reports 2 984 Bibcode 2012NatSR 2E 984K doi 10 1038 srep00984 PMC 3523289 PMID 23248747 a b Tan Dun Xian Xu Bing Zhou Xinjia Reiter Russel J 2018 01 31 Pineal Calcification Melatonin Production Aging Associated Health Consequences and Rejuvenation of the Pineal Gland Molecules 23 2 301 doi 10 3390 molecules23020301 ISSN 1420 3049 PMC 6017004 PMID 29385085 thesis The Effect of Fluoride on the Physiology of the Pineal Gland PDF Retrieved 2016 08 04 The calcified pineal is used as a landmark in skull X rays because of its radio opacity Angervall Lennart Berger Sven Rockert Hans 2009 A Microradiographic and X Ray Crystallographic Study of Calcium in the Pineal Body and in Intracranial Tumours Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica 44 2 113 119 doi 10 1111 j 1699 0463 1958 tb01060 x PMID 13594470 Bocchi Giancarlo Valdre Giovanni Valdre Giovanni 1993 Physical chemical and mineralogical characterization of carbonate hydroxyapatite concretions of the human pineal gland Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 49 3 209 20 doi 10 1016 0162 0134 93 80006 U PMID 8381851 Baconnier Simon Lang Sidney B Polomska Maria Hilczer Bozena Berkovic Garry Meshulam Guilia 2002 Calcite microcrystals in the pineal gland of the human brain First physical and chemical studies Bioelectromagnetics 23 7 488 95 doi 10 1002 bem 10053 PMID 12224052 S2CID 13276067 Further reading editGarma Avina A 2000 Excretory Plugs from the Choroid Plexus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Dogs with Neurological Disease Possible Role in the Formation of Corpora Arenacea Journal of Comparative Pathology 123 2 3 146 51 doi 10 1053 jcpa 2000 0405 PMID 11032668 Reiter Russel J Welsh Marcia G Vaughan Mary K 1976 Age related changes in the intact and sympathetically denervated gerbil pineal gland American Journal of Anatomy 146 4 427 31 doi 10 1002 aja 1001460405 PMID 941859 Klein Pavel Rubinstein Lucien J 1989 Benign symptomatic glial cysts of the pineal gland a report of seven cases and review of the literature Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery amp Psychiatry 52 8 991 5 doi 10 1136 jnnp 52 8 991 PMC 1031840 PMID 2677249 Vigh B Vigh Teichmann I Aros B 1989 Pineal corpora arenacea produced by arachnoid cells in the bat Myotis blythi oxygnathus Zeitschrift fur Mikroskopisch anatomische Forschung 103 1 36 45 PMID 2756745 External links editHistology image 14401loa Histology Learning System at Boston University Histology image 41 03 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Pineal gland nbsp This neuroanatomy article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Corpora arenacea amp oldid 1210340352, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
