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Copeland Islands

January 22, 2023

For other uses, see Copeland Islands (disambiguation).

The Copeland Islands is a group of three islands in the north Irish Sea, north of Donaghadee, County Down, Northern Ireland, consisting of Lighthouse Island (also known as Old Island), Copeland Island (also known as Big Island), and Mew Island. They lie within the civil parish of Bangor.[2]

Copeland Islands
Oileáin Chóplainn
The Copeland Islands seen from a Stena Line ferry
Copeland Islands
Copeland Islands
Copeland Islands
EtymologyNamed from the de Coupland family, or from Old Norse Kaupmanneyjar, "merchant islands"
Geography
LocationNorth Channel
Coordinates54°40′29″N 5°31′44″W / 54.6746°N 5.5289°W / 54.6746; -5.5289Coordinates: 54°40′29″N 5°31′44″W / 54.6746°N 5.5289°W / 54.6746; -5.5289
ArchipelagoOffshore islands of Ireland
Total islands3
Major islandsLighthouse Island, Copeland Island, Mew Island
Area392.25 acres (158.74 ha)[1]
Administration
Constituent countryNorthern Ireland
CountyCounty Down
Demographics
Population0
Additional information
Time zone
 • Summer (DST)

Along with Lambay Island and Ireland's Eye off County Dublin, the islands are the only other one of the 258 sometime inhabited islands of Ireland which lie on the east coast.[3]

Etymology

The Copeland Islands most likely derive their name from the de Coupland family, who settled in the Newtownards area, at the northern end of the Ards Peninsula, along with other Normans in the 12th century.[2] This family also lent their name to other landmarks in the vicinity such as Copeland Water near Carrickfergus and the townland of Ballycopeland in the civil parish of Donaghadee.[2]

The earliest possible recorded name for the islands, however, may be the Old Norse Kaupmanneyjar (kaupmann meaning 'merchant' and ey meaning 'island'), recorded in the Norse Hakonar Saga Gamla, and dated to 1230.[2] It has been suggested that 'Kaupmann' developed into 'Copman' and then into 'Copeland', with the form 'Copman' recorded several times in the late 16th century in reference to the islands.[2]

The original Irish name for the islands is unknown. However, it has been suggested that the 1570s usage of 'Helaine Harr[o]n[e]' may be an attempt at Anglicising the Irish name Oileáin Árann (island of the (kidney-shaped) ridge).[2] The modern Irish name, however, is a Gaelicisation of Copeland Islands into Oileáin Chóplainn.[2][4]

History

 
The old kirkyard (graveyard) on Copeland Island, also known as Big Island.

There are three islands included in the Copeland Islands: the Great Copeland Island (also known as Big Island or Copeland Island), the Lighthouse Island (also known as Old Island, which does not have a lighthouse now), and Mew Island, which does have a lighthouse. Over a century ago, Lighthouse Island had a population of about 100, including a school master with 28 pupils.

In 1671, James Ross obtained a fee farm grant of the islands, and in 1770 David Kerr bought them from The 2nd Earl of Clanbrassil (by the second creation). As the islands were a danger to ships, a light beacon was made on Lighthouse Island (also known as Old Island or Cross Island) in about 1715; it burned over 400 tons of coal every year. In 1796, the new British and Irish Lighthouse Board announced the erection of oil lamps and, in 1813, the new lighthouse was built. In 1884, a new lighthouse was built on Mew Island. In 1954, the Bird Observatory was established by Arnold Bennington.[5]

Until the 20th century, the islands were used by smugglers who brought tobacco and spirits through the islands and into County Down.[2]

Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI)

Copeland Islands ASSI is located off the County Down coast of Northern Ireland and comprises The Great Copeland, Lighthouse Island and Mew Island. The islands are important sites for breeding seabirds and waders, in addition to their coastal plant communities and geological features.[6]

Big Copeland supports the most diverse range of habitats of the three islands. Communities influenced by the sea are found around the shore with maritime cliff vegetation and pockets of salt marsh also present. The centre of the island is occupied by semi-improved wet grassland with frequent areas of marsh.[6]

Flora

The vegetation on Light House Island consists of short rabbit grazed turf with large areas of rank bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera).[7] Notable species include English stonecrop (Sedum anglicum), rock sea-spurrey (Spergularia rupicola),[7] Scots lovage (Ligusticum scoticum) and sea purslane (Halimione portulacoides). Lighthouse Island represents the southern limit for Scots lovage in Europe and the northern limit for sea purslane in Ireland. Other plants on the islands include Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Hyacinthoides hispanica, Dactylorhiza purpurella and Centaurium erythraea.[8][6]

Mew Island is dominated by rank stands of grass and bracken but, as on all the islands, notable areas of inter-tidal and exposed rock habitat are present.[6]

Algae

The marine algae of the Lighthouse Island and the Mew Islands was studied in 1975 and the 56 species, or genera, identified were listed and published.[9]

Lichens

Nineteen species of lichens were collected in 1984, the identifications were confirmed or corrected by Dr A Fletcher. As far as is known these are the only records of lichens from the Lighthouse Island.[10]

Fauna

The islands are internationally important sites for breeding populations of Manx shearwater and Arctic tern and nationally important sites for breeding Mediterranean gull, common gull and common eider. The Manx shearwater colony on Copeland Islands holds more than 1.7% of the world population. The colony is in excess of four thousand pairs. The rabbit populations on the islands play an important role in the breeding success of the Manx shearwater as the latter mainly nest in the rabbit burrows that honeycomb the islands. Grazing by rabbits maintains a short sward, which is desirable for the fledglings.[6]

Great Copeland has an internationally important Arctic tern colony, with some 550 pairs. The site now represents the largest colony for this species in Ireland. Mew Island has been an important tern colony in the past and it is hoped that positive management will encourage terns to become re-established. The islands are the most important breeding sites in Northern Ireland for common gull with over 250 pairs present. Big Copeland has recently held Northern Ireland's first successful breeding pair of Mediterranean gull. The islands are home to a nationally important population of breeding eider duck. In total the three islands account for 14% of the Irish population. Non-breeding eider form part of the nationally important population that occurs along the Outer Ards coast and Belfast Lough areas.[6]

Other breeding colonies of note include black guillemot, water rail and stock dove. The latter species has suffered a dramatic decline in Northern Ireland, but numbers have increased on Copeland with some 100 pairs now breeding. Breeding waders such as lapwing and snipe may be found further inland. Here the taller vegetation, interspersed with open areas, provides an ideal breeding habitat. Birds of prey favour the islands when the breeding season is over. Hen harrier, sparrowhawk, buzzard, kestrel, merlin and peregrine falcon are all seen regularly.[6]

Mammals, such as the grey seal, common seal, harbour porpoise, bottlenose dolphin, common minke whale, common dolphin and otter have been reported from the Copeland Islands.[11]

Lepidoptera have also been recorded. 19 species of butterflies, 31 species of macro-Lepidoptera and three species of micro-Lepidoptera.[12]

A beetle new to Northern Ireland was recorded in 2013: Diplapion confluens (Kirby).[13]

Lighthouses

A light station was established on Lighthouse Island in the early 18th century and a lighthouse built in 1815. It has been inactive since 1884, when the lighthouse was abandoned in favour of the Mew Island Lighthouse, but the ruined stump of the 16 m (52 ft) stone tower remains. The ruins of the keeper's house have been rebuilt to house a bird observatory. The island is now owned by the National Trust and operated by the volunteer members of the Copeland Bird Observatory.[14]

The Mew Island Lighthouse is currently active, and was converted to automatic operation with the lighthouse keepers permanently withdrawn in 1996.[15]

Princess Victoria ferry disaster

On 31 January 1953, Princess Victoria, a British Transport Commission ferry sailing from Stranraer to Larne, sank off the Copeland Islands in a heavy storm with the loss of 135 lives.[16]

See also

  • Rathlin Island – an inhabited island off the north coast of County Antrim

References

  1. ^ "Copeland Island Townland, Co. Down". www.townlands.ie.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Hughes, AJ; Hannan, RJ (1992). Place-Names of Northern Ireland. Vol. Two, County Down II, The Ards. Belfast: The Queen's University of Belfast. ISBN 085389-450-7.
  3. ^ Royle, SA. "Island Life off County Down:The Copeland Islands". Ulster Archaeological Society. JSTOR 20568216. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ "Copeland Islands". logainm.ie. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  5. ^ Deane, C (1983) "Copeland Islands" in "The Ulster Countryside" Century Books
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Copeland Islands ASSI". Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs. 18 July 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2021.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  7. ^ a b Hackney, P (ed.). Stewart & Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, The Queen's University of Belfast. ISBN 0-85389-446-9. (HB)
  8. ^ anon. 2010. Annual Report for 2010. Copeland Bird Observatory 2010
  9. ^ Morton, O, 1976 Copeland Islands Bird Observatory Report
  10. ^ Morton, O, 1988. Lichens on Lighthouse Island. Copeland Bird Observatory Annual Report for 1986 page 44
  11. ^ McKee, N, Mammal Report in Wolsey, S, (ed) 2012. Copeland Bird Observatory Annual Report 2010
  12. ^ Lyons, J, 2009 in Wolsey, S. (ed) 2012. Copeland Bird Observatory Annual Report 2010
  13. ^ Reid, CAM, 2015. Diplapion confluens (Kirby) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), new for Northern Ireland, at Lighthouse Island, County Down, with notes on other insects at this locality. Irish Naturalists' Journal. 34: 135–136
  14. ^ "Copeland Bird Observatory". Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  15. ^ "Mew Island". Commissioners of Irish Lights. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
  16. ^ "Sea Disaster Victims Remembered". BBC News. 31 January 2008.

Further reading

January 22, 2023
copeland, islands, other, uses, disambiguation, group, three, islands, north, irish, north, donaghadee, county, down, northern, ireland, consisting, lighthouse, island, also, known, island, copeland, island, also, known, island, island, they, within, civil, pa. For other uses see Copeland Islands disambiguation The Copeland Islands is a group of three islands in the north Irish Sea north of Donaghadee County Down Northern Ireland consisting of Lighthouse Island also known as Old Island Copeland Island also known as Big Island and Mew Island They lie within the civil parish of Bangor 2 Copeland IslandsOileain ChoplainnThe Copeland Islands seen from a Stena Line ferryCopeland IslandsShow map of County DownCopeland IslandsShow map of Northern IrelandCopeland IslandsShow map of island of IrelandEtymologyNamed from the de Coupland family or from Old Norse Kaupmanneyjar merchant islands GeographyLocationNorth ChannelCoordinates54 40 29 N 5 31 44 W 54 6746 N 5 5289 W 54 6746 5 5289 Coordinates 54 40 29 N 5 31 44 W 54 6746 N 5 5289 W 54 6746 5 5289ArchipelagoOffshore islands of IrelandTotal islands3Major islandsLighthouse Island Copeland Island Mew IslandArea392 25 acres 158 74 ha 1 AdministrationUnited KingdomConstituent countryNorthern IrelandCountyCounty DownDemographicsPopulation0Additional informationTime zoneGMT UTC 0 Summer DST BST UTC 1 Along with Lambay Island and Ireland s Eye off County Dublin the islands are the only other one of the 258 sometime inhabited islands of Ireland which lie on the east coast 3 Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Area of Special Scientific Interest ASSI 4 Flora 4 1 Algae 4 2 Lichens 5 Fauna 6 Lighthouses 7 Princess Victoria ferry disaster 8 See also 9 References 10 Further readingEtymology EditThe Copeland Islands most likely derive their name from the de Coupland family who settled in the Newtownards area at the northern end of the Ards Peninsula along with other Normans in the 12th century 2 This family also lent their name to other landmarks in the vicinity such as Copeland Water near Carrickfergus and the townland of Ballycopeland in the civil parish of Donaghadee 2 The earliest possible recorded name for the islands however may be the Old Norse Kaupmanneyjar kaupmann meaning merchant and ey meaning island recorded in the Norse Hakonar Saga Gamla and dated to 1230 2 It has been suggested that Kaupmann developed into Copman and then into Copeland with the form Copman recorded several times in the late 16th century in reference to the islands 2 The original Irish name for the islands is unknown However it has been suggested that the 1570s usage of Helaine Harr o n e may be an attempt at Anglicising the Irish name Oileain Arann island of the kidney shaped ridge 2 The modern Irish name however is a Gaelicisation of Copeland Islands into Oileain Choplainn 2 4 History Edit The old kirkyard graveyard on Copeland Island also known as Big Island There are three islands included in the Copeland Islands the Great Copeland Island also known as Big Island or Copeland Island the Lighthouse Island also known as Old Island which does not have a lighthouse now and Mew Island which does have a lighthouse Over a century ago Lighthouse Island had a population of about 100 including a school master with 28 pupils In 1671 James Ross obtained a fee farm grant of the islands and in 1770 David Kerr bought them from The 2nd Earl of Clanbrassil by the second creation As the islands were a danger to ships a light beacon was made on Lighthouse Island also known as Old Island or Cross Island in about 1715 it burned over 400 tons of coal every year In 1796 the new British and Irish Lighthouse Board announced the erection of oil lamps and in 1813 the new lighthouse was built In 1884 a new lighthouse was built on Mew Island In 1954 the Bird Observatory was established by Arnold Bennington 5 Until the 20th century the islands were used by smugglers who brought tobacco and spirits through the islands and into County Down 2 Area of Special Scientific Interest ASSI EditCopeland Islands ASSI is located off the County Down coast of Northern Ireland and comprises The Great Copeland Lighthouse Island and Mew Island The islands are important sites for breeding seabirds and waders in addition to their coastal plant communities and geological features 6 Big Copeland supports the most diverse range of habitats of the three islands Communities influenced by the sea are found around the shore with maritime cliff vegetation and pockets of salt marsh also present The centre of the island is occupied by semi improved wet grassland with frequent areas of marsh 6 Flora EditThe vegetation on Light House Island consists of short rabbit grazed turf with large areas of rank bracken Pteridium aquilinum and Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera 7 Notable species include English stonecrop Sedum anglicum rock sea spurrey Spergularia rupicola 7 Scots lovage Ligusticum scoticum and sea purslane Halimione portulacoides Lighthouse Island represents the southern limit for Scots lovage in Europe and the northern limit for sea purslane in Ireland Other plants on the islands include Hyacinthoides non scripta Hyacinthoides hispanica Dactylorhiza purpurella and Centaurium erythraea 8 6 Mew Island is dominated by rank stands of grass and bracken but as on all the islands notable areas of inter tidal and exposed rock habitat are present 6 Algae Edit The marine algae of the Lighthouse Island and the Mew Islands was studied in 1975 and the 56 species or genera identified were listed and published 9 Lichens Edit Nineteen species of lichens were collected in 1984 the identifications were confirmed or corrected by Dr A Fletcher As far as is known these are the only records of lichens from the Lighthouse Island 10 Lecanora atra Huds Ach Lecanora gangaleoides Nyl Ochrolechia parella L Massel Parmelia caperata L Ach Ramalina siliquosa Huds A L Sm Xanthoria parietina L Th Fr Anaptychia fusca Huds Vainio Diplotomma chlorophaeum Hepp ex Mull Argh Szat Lecanora ploytropa Hoffm Rabenh Lecanora rupicola L Zahlbr Lecidella subincongrua Nyl Hertel and Luckert Ochrolechia parella L Massel Parmelia sulcata Taylor Polysporina simplex Davies Vezda Rhizocarpon constrictum Malme Rhizocarpon geographicum L DC Verrucaria ditmarsica Erichen Verrucaria maura Wahlenb Fauna EditThe islands are internationally important sites for breeding populations of Manx shearwater and Arctic tern and nationally important sites for breeding Mediterranean gull common gull and common eider The Manx shearwater colony on Copeland Islands holds more than 1 7 of the world population The colony is in excess of four thousand pairs The rabbit populations on the islands play an important role in the breeding success of the Manx shearwater as the latter mainly nest in the rabbit burrows that honeycomb the islands Grazing by rabbits maintains a short sward which is desirable for the fledglings 6 Great Copeland has an internationally important Arctic tern colony with some 550 pairs The site now represents the largest colony for this species in Ireland Mew Island has been an important tern colony in the past and it is hoped that positive management will encourage terns to become re established The islands are the most important breeding sites in Northern Ireland for common gull with over 250 pairs present Big Copeland has recently held Northern Ireland s first successful breeding pair of Mediterranean gull The islands are home to a nationally important population of breeding eider duck In total the three islands account for 14 of the Irish population Non breeding eider form part of the nationally important population that occurs along the Outer Ards coast and Belfast Lough areas 6 Other breeding colonies of note include black guillemot water rail and stock dove The latter species has suffered a dramatic decline in Northern Ireland but numbers have increased on Copeland with some 100 pairs now breeding Breeding waders such as lapwing and snipe may be found further inland Here the taller vegetation interspersed with open areas provides an ideal breeding habitat Birds of prey favour the islands when the breeding season is over Hen harrier sparrowhawk buzzard kestrel merlin and peregrine falcon are all seen regularly 6 Mammals such as the grey seal common seal harbour porpoise bottlenose dolphin common minke whale common dolphin and otter have been reported from the Copeland Islands 11 Lepidoptera have also been recorded 19 species of butterflies 31 species of macro Lepidoptera and three species of micro Lepidoptera 12 A beetle new to Northern Ireland was recorded in 2013 Diplapion confluens Kirby 13 Lighthouses Edit Mew Island Lighthouse A light station was established on Lighthouse Island in the early 18th century and a lighthouse built in 1815 It has been inactive since 1884 when the lighthouse was abandoned in favour of the Mew Island Lighthouse but the ruined stump of the 16 m 52 ft stone tower remains The ruins of the keeper s house have been rebuilt to house a bird observatory The island is now owned by the National Trust and operated by the volunteer members of the Copeland Bird Observatory 14 The Mew Island Lighthouse is currently active and was converted to automatic operation with the lighthouse keepers permanently withdrawn in 1996 15 Princess Victoria ferry disaster EditOn 31 January 1953 Princess Victoria a British Transport Commission ferry sailing from Stranraer to Larne sank off the Copeland Islands in a heavy storm with the loss of 135 lives 16 See also EditRathlin Island an inhabited island off the north coast of County AntrimReferences Edit Copeland Island Townland Co Down www townlands ie a b c d e f g h Hughes AJ Hannan RJ 1992 Place Names of Northern Ireland Vol Two County Down II The Ards Belfast The Queen s University of Belfast ISBN 085389 450 7 Royle SA Island Life off County Down The Copeland Islands Ulster Archaeological Society JSTOR 20568216 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Copeland Islands logainm ie Retrieved 19 June 2020 Deane C 1983 Copeland Islands in The Ulster Countryside Century Books a b c d e f g Copeland Islands ASSI Department of Agriculture Environment and Rural Affairs 18 July 2017 Retrieved 11 December 2021 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain a b Hackney P ed Stewart amp Corry s Flora of the North east of Ireland Belfast Institute of Irish Studies The Queen s University of Belfast ISBN 0 85389 446 9 HB anon 2010 Annual Report for 2010 Copeland Bird Observatory 2010 Morton O 1976 Copeland Islands Bird Observatory Report Morton O 1988 Lichens on Lighthouse Island Copeland Bird Observatory Annual Report for 1986 page 44 McKee N Mammal Report in Wolsey S ed 2012 Copeland Bird Observatory Annual Report 2010 Lyons J 2009 in Wolsey S ed 2012 Copeland Bird Observatory Annual Report 2010 Reid CAM 2015 Diplapion confluens Kirby Coleoptera Brentidae new for Northern Ireland at Lighthouse Island County Down with notes on other insects at this locality Irish Naturalists Journal 34 135 136 Copeland Bird Observatory Retrieved 29 July 2019 Mew Island Commissioners of Irish Lights Retrieved 4 August 2020 Sea Disaster Victims Remembered BBC News 31 January 2008 Further reading EditAnon 2009 Arnold Benington Adventures of an Ulster Naturalist Brown s Fine Art Ltd ISBN 978 0 9559727 1 3 Rowlett Russ Lighthouses of Northern Ireland The Lighthouse Directory University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Copeland Islands amp oldid 1101603417, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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