The National Council of the Resistance (French: Conseil National de la Résistance; CNR; also, National Resistance Council) directed and coordinated the different movements of the French Resistance during World War II: the press, trade unions and political parties hostile to the Vichy regime, starting from mid-1943.
Charles de Gaulle, exiled in London and recognized by the UK as leader of Free France, began forming a committee to unify the resistance movements. On 1 January 1942 he delegated this task to Jean Moulin. Moulin achieved the feat on 27 May 1943 with the first meeting of the Conseil National de la Résistance in the apartment of René Corbin on the second floor of 48, Rue du Four, in Paris.
Aside from Moulin and his two assistants, Pierre Meunier [fr] and Robert Chambeiron [fr], representatives of the eight main French resistance movements, members of six of France's major political parties and the two large pre-war trade unions all attended the Rue du Four meeting.
Representatives of the eight major resistance movements:
Under Jean Moulin's earlier influence, Combat, Franc-Tireur and Libération-Sud had already agreed to regroup themselves in January 1943 to create the Mouvements Unis de la Résistance, with their joint military arms forming the Armée secrète (Secret Army).
Representatives of the two trade unions which had been outlawed with the creation of the Labour Charter of the 4th of October:[1]
However, shortly after the CNR's creation, its president Jean Moulin was arrested at Caluire by the SS. Over the next three days, Moulin was tortured by Klaus Barbie himself, and died during his transfer to Germany. He divulged no information to his torturers and his silence likely allowed the CNR to pursue its activities.
After Moulin's capture and death, the Conseil National de la Résistance decided for security reasons to end its plenary sessions and created an executive office of five members, with each member representing his own group and two others. The new office was under the direction of Alexandre Parodi, delegate-general, and Georges Bidault, the new president. On 9 September 1944 Louis Saillant succeeded Bidault as head of the CNR.
Programmeedit
On 15 March 1944 the CNR adopted, after months of negotiations, the Programme of the Conseil National de la Résistance.[2] The document was strongly influenced by communist groups like the Front National, especially in part II, "Measures to be taken immediately after the liberation of the territory", which envisioned the establishment of a social democracy with a planned economy in France after liberation. Some of the proposed measures were applied, at least to a certain extent, after liberation, including the nationalisation of energy (Électricité de France was founded in 1946), insurance companies (AGF in 1945) and banks (Crédit Lyonnais in 1945, Société Générale in 1946), the creation of social security programs and the independence of trade unions. They are many of the so-called acquis sociaux (social rights) of the second half of the 20th century in France.
^(in French) fr:Programme of the Conseil National de la Résistance
The text of this article was translated from this version of the French-language Wikipedia article "Conseil National de la Résistance".
External linksedit
List of members of the Conseil National de la Résistance from the archival web site of former French Prime Minister Alain Juppé,
from the Musée de la Résistance Nationale,
Programme du Conseil National de la Résistance from Wikisource,
,
Article in the magazine l'Humanité,
Le Programme du Conseil National de la Résistance.
January 01, 1970
national, council, resistance, french, conseil, national, résistance, also, national, resistance, council, directed, coordinated, different, movements, french, resistance, during, world, press, trade, unions, political, parties, hostile, vichy, regime, startin. The National Council of the Resistance French Conseil National de la Resistance CNR also National Resistance Council directed and coordinated the different movements of the French Resistance during World War II the press trade unions and political parties hostile to the Vichy regime starting from mid 1943 Members of the CNR after the Liberation of Paris September 1944 From left to right Jacques Debu Bridel FR Pierre Villon FN Gaston Tessier CFTC Robert Chambeiron deputy secretary general Pascal Copeau Liberation Sud Joseph Laniel AD Jacques Lecomte Boinet CDLR Georges Bidault president Andre Mutter Henri Ribiere Liberation Nord Daniel Mayer SFIO Jean Pierre Levy Franc Tireur Paul Bastid PR Auguste Gillot PCF Pierre Meunier secretary general and Louis Saillant CGT Contents 1 Background 2 Founding 3 Arrest of Jean Moulin 4 Programme 5 References 6 External linksBackground edit nbsp Charles de Gaulle circa 1942 Various resistance movements had arisen in France since the start of the German occupation in June 1940 With the possible exception of the Francs Tireurs et Partisans and other groups loyal to the Communist Party of France the maquis groups were mostly unorganised and unrelated to one another This lack of coordination made them less effective in their actions against the Nazi occupiers Founding editCharles de Gaulle exiled in London and recognized by the UK as leader of Free France began forming a committee to unify the resistance movements On 1 January 1942 he delegated this task to Jean Moulin Moulin achieved the feat on 27 May 1943 with the first meeting of the Conseil National de la Resistance in the apartment of Rene Corbin on the second floor of 48 Rue du Four in Paris Aside from Moulin and his two assistants Pierre Meunier fr and Robert Chambeiron fr representatives of the eight main French resistance movements members of six of France s major political parties and the two large pre war trade unions all attended the Rue du Four meeting Representatives of the eight major resistance movements Pierre Villon Front National Roger Coquoin fr Ceux de la Liberation Jacques Lecompte Boinet fr Ceux de la Resistance Charles Laurent Liberation Nord Pascal Copeau fr Liberation Sud Jacques Henri Simon Organisation Civile et Militaire Claude Bourdet Combat Eugene Claudius Petit Franc Tireur Under Jean Moulin s earlier influence Combat Franc Tireur and Liberation Sud had already agreed to regroup themselves in January 1943 to create the Mouvements Unis de la Resistance with their joint military arms forming the Armee secrete Secret Army Representatives of the two trade unions which had been outlawed with the creation of the Labour Charter of the 4th of October 1 Louis Saillant Confederation generale du travail Gaston Tessier Confederation Francaise des Travailleurs Chretiens Representatives of the six main political parties of the French Third Republic Andre Mercier French Communist Party or PCF Andre Le Troquer French Section of the Workers International Marc Rucart Radical Socialists Georges Bidault Parti democrate populaire Joseph Laniel l Alliance Democratique Jacques Debu Bridel fr Federation republicaine Arrest of Jean Moulin edit nbsp Drawing of Jean Moulin based on iconic photo with hat and scarf cross of Lorraine in background However shortly after the CNR s creation its president Jean Moulin was arrested at Caluire by the SS Over the next three days Moulin was tortured by Klaus Barbie himself and died during his transfer to Germany He divulged no information to his torturers and his silence likely allowed the CNR to pursue its activities After Moulin s capture and death the Conseil National de la Resistance decided for security reasons to end its plenary sessions and created an executive office of five members with each member representing his own group and two others The new office was under the direction of Alexandre Parodi delegate general and Georges Bidault the new president On 9 September 1944 Louis Saillant succeeded Bidault as head of the CNR Programme editOn 15 March 1944 the CNR adopted after months of negotiations the Programme of the Conseil National de la Resistance 2 The document was strongly influenced by communist groups like the Front National especially in part II Measures to be taken immediately after the liberation of the territory which envisioned the establishment of a social democracy with a planned economy in France after liberation Some of the proposed measures were applied at least to a certain extent after liberation including the nationalisation of energy Electricite de France was founded in 1946 insurance companies AGF in 1945 and banks Credit Lyonnais in 1945 Societe Generale in 1946 the creation of social security programs and the independence of trade unions They are many of the so called acquis sociaux social rights of the second half of the 20th century in France References edit Vichy Regime Key Facts amp Summary schoolhistory co uk Retrieved 4 December 2020 in French fr Programme of the Conseil National de la Resistance The text of this article was translated from this version of the French language Wikipedia article Conseil National de la Resistance External links editList of members of the Conseil National de la Resistance from the archival web site of former French Prime Minister Alain Juppe Description of the Conseil National de la Resistance from the Musee de la Resistance Nationale Programme du Conseil National de la Resistance from Wikisource France Republicaine Conseil National de la Resistance Article in the magazine l Humanite Le Programme du Conseil National de la Resistance Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title National Council of the Resistance amp oldid 1215476663, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
