The Congress of Panama (also referred to as the Amphictyonic Congress, in homage to the Amphictyonic League of Ancient Greece) was a congress organized by Simón Bolívar in 1826 with the goal of bringing together the new republics of Latin America to develop a unified policy towards the repudiated mother country Spain. Held in Panama City from 22 June to 15 July, proposed creating a league of American republics, with a common military, a mutual defense pact, and a supranational parliamentary assembly.[1]
The grandly titled "Treaty of Union, League, and Perpetual Confederation" that emerged from the congress was ultimately ratified only by Gran Colombia, and Bolívar's dream soon foundered irretrievably with civil war in that nation, the disintegration of Central America, and the emergence of nationalism. The Congress of Panama also had political ramifications in the United States. President John Quincy Adams and Secretary of State Henry Clay wanted the US to attend the congress, to which they had only been invited due to pressure on Bolívar. Since Hispanic America had mostly outlawed slavery, politicians from the Southern United States held up the mission by not approving funds or confirming the delegates. Despite their eventual departure, one of the two US delegates, Richard Clough Anderson Jr., died en route to Panama; and the other, John Sergeant, arrived only after the Congress had concluded its discussions.
Great Britain, which attended with only observer status, managed to acquire many favorable trade deals with Latin American countries at the Congress.[citation needed]
^Frances L. Reinhold, "New research on the first pan-American congress held at Panama in 1826." Hispanic American Historical Review 18.3 (1938): 342-363 online.
Bibliography
Reza, Germán A. "Was France Invited to the Amphictyonic Congress of Panama in 1826? Evidence at the Margins of an International Controversy." Critical History 72 (2019): 27-44. online
Sanders, Ralph. "Congressional Reaction in the United States to the Panama Congress of 1826." The Americas (1954): 141-154. online
Germán A. de la Reza, El Congreso de Panamá de 1826 y otros ensayos de integración en el siglo XIX. Estudio y fuentes documentales anotadas, UAM-Eon, México, 2006. ISBN970-31-0656-0.
congress, panama, also, referred, amphictyonic, congress, homage, amphictyonic, league, ancient, greece, congress, organized, simón, bolívar, 1826, with, goal, bringing, together, republics, latin, america, develop, unified, policy, towards, repudiated, mother. The Congress of Panama also referred to as the Amphictyonic Congress in homage to the Amphictyonic League of Ancient Greece was a congress organized by Simon Bolivar in 1826 with the goal of bringing together the new republics of Latin America to develop a unified policy towards the repudiated mother country Spain Held in Panama City from 22 June to 15 July proposed creating a league of American republics with a common military a mutual defense pact and a supranational parliamentary assembly 1 Nations of the Congress of Panama right 1826 It was attended by representatives of Gran Colombia comprising the modern day nations of Colombia Ecuador Panama and Venezuela Peru the United Provinces of Central America Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Nicaragua and Costa Rica and Mexico Chile and the United Provinces of South America Argentina declined to attend out of mistrust of Bolivar s enormous influence The Empire of Brazil did not send delegates because it expected a hostile reception from its Hispanic neighbours due to its ongoing war with Argentina over modern Uruguay The isolationist Paraguay which refused previous delegates from Bolivar was not invited The grandly titled Treaty of Union League and Perpetual Confederation that emerged from the congress was ultimately ratified only by Gran Colombia and Bolivar s dream soon foundered irretrievably with civil war in that nation the disintegration of Central America and the emergence of nationalism The Congress of Panama also had political ramifications in the United States President John Quincy Adams and Secretary of State Henry Clay wanted the US to attend the congress to which they had only been invited due to pressure on Bolivar Since Hispanic America had mostly outlawed slavery politicians from the Southern United States held up the mission by not approving funds or confirming the delegates Despite their eventual departure one of the two US delegates Richard Clough Anderson Jr died en route to Panama and the other John Sergeant arrived only after the Congress had concluded its discussions Great Britain which attended with only observer status managed to acquire many favorable trade deals with Latin American countries at the Congress citation needed Contents 1 See also 2 Notes 3 Bibliography 4 External linksSee also Edit Latin America portalJose Faustino Sanchez CarrionNotes Edit Frances L Reinhold New research on the first pan American congress held at Panama in 1826 Hispanic American Historical Review 18 3 1938 342 363 online Bibliography EditReza German A Was France Invited to the Amphictyonic Congress of Panama in 1826 Evidence at the Margins of an International Controversy Critical History 72 2019 27 44 online Sanders Ralph Congressional Reaction in the United States to the Panama Congress of 1826 The Americas 1954 141 154 online German A de la Reza El Congreso de Panama de 1826 y otros ensayos de integracion en el siglo XIX Estudio y fuentes documentales anotadas UAM Eon Mexico 2006 ISBN 970 31 0656 0 External links EditCongreso de Panama The Memoirs of Simon Bolivar This South American history related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Congress of Panama amp oldid 1084436261, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
