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College-preparatory school

A college-preparatory school (usually shortened to preparatory school or prep school) is a type of secondary school. The term refers to public, private independent or parochial schools primarily designed to prepare students for higher education.

United States Edit

In the United States, there are public, private, and charter college preparatory schools that can be either parochial or secular. Admission is sometimes based on specific selection criteria, usually academic, but some schools have open enrollment.[1] In 2017, 5.7 million students were enrolled in US private elementary or secondary schools, constituting 10% of total school enrollment. Of those, 1.4 million students were enrolled in a secular (nonsectarian) school.[2]

Public and charter college preparatory schools are typically connected to a local school district and draw from the entire district instead of the closest school zone. Some offer specialized courses or curricula that prepare students for a specific field of study. In contrast, others use the label as a promotional tool without offering programs different from a conventional high school.[1]

Preparatory schools began before the Civil War, when there were no public schools above the grammar school or elementary level anywhere in the US. Their graduates were not ready for college study, so many colleges set up "preparatory academies" to prepare them for college study. The preparatory division could dwarf the college enrollment, as at New York Central College. There were also preparatory schools unaffiliated with colleges, especially for girls, such as the Columbia Female Academy. At the time, men and women did not study together at any level, and there were no women's colleges. Some of the female preparatory schools became women's colleges after the Civil War.

Free high school level education for all became available in the later 19th and early 20th centuries. Since then, the surviving "prep schools" in the US are primarily private, elite institutions that have very selective admission criteria and high tuition fees, catering to students in the 13–18 age range.[3] Little financial aid other than loans is available. Prep schools can be day schools, boarding schools, or both, and may be co-educational or single-sex. Currently, day schools are more common than boarding, and since the 1970s, co-educational schools have been more common than single-sex.[4] Unlike the public schools which are free, they charge tuition ($10,000 to 40,000+ a year in 2014).[5] Some prep schools are affiliated with a particular religious denomination. Unlike parochial (Catholic) schools, independent preparatory schools are not governed by a religious organization, and students are usually not required to receive instruction in one particular religion. While independent prep schools in the United States are not subject to government oversight or regulation, many are accredited by one of the six regional accreditation agencies for educational institutions.[6][page needed]

Japan Edit

In Japan, college-prep schools are called yobikō (予備校), which means a school used to progress into another school. Prep schools in Japan are usually considered prestigious and are often difficult to get into. However, there are many tiers of prep schools, the entry into which depends on the university that the school leads into.[7]

Japanese prep schools started as chūgakkō (中学校), secondary schools for boys, which were founded after the secondary school law in 1886. Later, kōtō jogakkō (高等女学校), secondary school for girls (1891), and jitsugyō gakkō (実業学校), vocational schools (1924), were included among chūtōgakkō and were legally regarded as schools on the same level as a school for boys. However, graduates from those two types of schools had more requirements for college entrance. In the modern period, many Japanese secondary schools were five-year schools, except for during a short term from 1943 to 1946.[citation needed]

The social status of chūgakkō, or kyūsei chūgakkō (旧制中学校), secondary schools for boys under the old system, did not disappear even after the new system (6-3-3) took effect in 1947. Plenty of shingakkō are six-year schools in modern times, and many of them have their origins in kyūsei chūgakkō and kōtō jogakkō, or ones attached to universities. Japanese pupils who aspire to a prep school education take written examinations in sixth grade in each prep school.[citation needed]

Unlike six-year prep schools, the top municipal senior high school (three-year schools) in each school zone and some high-ranked private senior high schools (ditto) are also regarded as shingakukō (進学校). In the 21st century, some trial cases connecting public junior and senior high schools are seen in each region, too, broadening the education for college entrance. As the Japanese government provides grant-in-aid to private schools, the tuition is 5,000–10,000 US dollars per year, even if it is a private school.[citation needed]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b Yednak, Crystal, "What does "college prep" school really mean?", GreatKids, GreatSchools, retrieved 7 April 2016
  2. ^ "COE - Private School Enrollment". nces.ed.gov. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  3. ^ Laneri, Raquel (29 April 2010), "America's Best Prep Schools", Forbes, from the original on 8 April 2016, retrieved 7 April 2016
  4. ^ Sarah Alexander Chase, Perfectly prep: Gender extremes at New England prep school (Oxford University Press, 2008)
  5. ^ Lisa R. Bass, "Boarding schools and capital benefits: Implications for urban school reform." The Journal of Educational Research (2014) 107#1 pp: 16–35.
  6. ^ Peter W. Cookson, Jr.; Caroline Persell (2008). Preparing for power. Basic Books (published 1985). ISBN 978-0-7867-2416-1. OCLC 660054698. OL 18166618W. Wikidata Q108671720.
  7. ^ William K. Cummings, Education and equality in Japan (Princeton University Press, 2014).

Further reading Edit

  • Adam Hochschild, Finding the Trapdoor: Essays, Portraits, Travels (Syracuse University Press, 1997), "World on a Hilltop," pp. 123–139.

External links Edit

  • The Independent Schools Directory (Global)
  • National Association of Independent Schools 15 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  • Independent Schools Association of the Southwest
  • Canadian Association of Independent Schools
  • The Association of Boarding Schools

college, preparatory, school, high, school, oakland, california, college, preparatory, school, private, school, montreal, quebec, college, prep, international, confused, with, preparatory, school, united, kingdom, classe, préparatoire, grandes, écoles, college. For the high school in Oakland California see The College Preparatory School For the private school in Montreal Quebec see College Prep International Not to be confused with Preparatory school United Kingdom or Classe preparatoire aux grandes ecoles A college preparatory school usually shortened to preparatory school or prep school is a type of secondary school The term refers to public private independent or parochial schools primarily designed to prepare students for higher education Contents 1 United States 2 Japan 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksUnited States EditIn the United States there are public private and charter college preparatory schools that can be either parochial or secular Admission is sometimes based on specific selection criteria usually academic but some schools have open enrollment 1 In 2017 5 7 million students were enrolled in US private elementary or secondary schools constituting 10 of total school enrollment Of those 1 4 million students were enrolled in a secular nonsectarian school 2 Public and charter college preparatory schools are typically connected to a local school district and draw from the entire district instead of the closest school zone Some offer specialized courses or curricula that prepare students for a specific field of study In contrast others use the label as a promotional tool without offering programs different from a conventional high school 1 Preparatory schools began before the Civil War when there were no public schools above the grammar school or elementary level anywhere in the US Their graduates were not ready for college study so many colleges set up preparatory academies to prepare them for college study The preparatory division could dwarf the college enrollment as at New York Central College There were also preparatory schools unaffiliated with colleges especially for girls such as the Columbia Female Academy At the time men and women did not study together at any level and there were no women s colleges Some of the female preparatory schools became women s colleges after the Civil War Free high school level education for all became available in the later 19th and early 20th centuries Since then the surviving prep schools in the US are primarily private elite institutions that have very selective admission criteria and high tuition fees catering to students in the 13 18 age range 3 Little financial aid other than loans is available Prep schools can be day schools boarding schools or both and may be co educational or single sex Currently day schools are more common than boarding and since the 1970s co educational schools have been more common than single sex 4 Unlike the public schools which are free they charge tuition 10 000 to 40 000 a year in 2014 5 Some prep schools are affiliated with a particular religious denomination Unlike parochial Catholic schools independent preparatory schools are not governed by a religious organization and students are usually not required to receive instruction in one particular religion While independent prep schools in the United States are not subject to government oversight or regulation many are accredited by one of the six regional accreditation agencies for educational institutions 6 page needed Japan EditFurther information in Japanese Japanese middle and high school ja This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed December 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message In Japan college prep schools are called yobikō 予備校 which means a school used to progress into another school Prep schools in Japan are usually considered prestigious and are often difficult to get into However there are many tiers of prep schools the entry into which depends on the university that the school leads into 7 Japanese prep schools started as chugakkō 中学校 secondary schools for boys which were founded after the secondary school law in 1886 Later kōtō jogakkō 高等女学校 secondary school for girls 1891 and jitsugyō gakkō 実業学校 vocational schools 1924 were included among chutōgakkō and were legally regarded as schools on the same level as a school for boys However graduates from those two types of schools had more requirements for college entrance In the modern period many Japanese secondary schools were five year schools except for during a short term from 1943 to 1946 citation needed The social status of chugakkō or kyusei chugakkō 旧制中学校 secondary schools for boys under the old system did not disappear even after the new system 6 3 3 took effect in 1947 Plenty of shingakkō are six year schools in modern times and many of them have their origins in kyusei chugakkō and kōtō jogakkō or ones attached to universities Japanese pupils who aspire to a prep school education take written examinations in sixth grade in each prep school citation needed Unlike six year prep schools the top municipal senior high school three year schools in each school zone and some high ranked private senior high schools ditto are also regarded as shingakukō 進学校 In the 21st century some trial cases connecting public junior and senior high schools are seen in each region too broadening the education for college entrance As the Japanese government provides grant in aid to private schools the tuition is 5 000 10 000 US dollars per year even if it is a private school citation needed See also Edit nbsp Schools portalAdvanced Placement International BaccalaureateReferences Edit a b Yednak Crystal What does college prep school really mean GreatKids GreatSchools retrieved 7 April 2016 COE Private School Enrollment nces ed gov Retrieved 25 May 2021 Laneri Raquel 29 April 2010 America s Best Prep Schools Forbes archived from the original on 8 April 2016 retrieved 7 April 2016 Sarah Alexander Chase Perfectly prep Gender extremes at New England prep school Oxford University Press 2008 Lisa R Bass Boarding schools and capital benefits Implications for urban school reform The Journal of Educational Research 2014 107 1 pp 16 35 Peter W Cookson Jr Caroline Persell 2008 Preparing for power Basic Books published 1985 ISBN 978 0 7867 2416 1 OCLC 660054698 OL 18166618W Wikidata Q108671720 William K Cummings Education and equality in Japan Princeton University Press 2014 Further reading EditAdam Hochschild Finding the Trapdoor Essays Portraits Travels Syracuse University Press 1997 World on a Hilltop pp 123 139 External links EditThe Independent Schools Directory Global National Association of Independent Schools Archived 15 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Independent Schools Association of the Southwest Canadian Association of Independent Schools The Association of Boarding Schools Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title College preparatory school amp oldid 1152134991, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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