Claude Desgots (or Desgotz; c. 1658 – 1732) was a French architect and landscape architect, who designed French formal gardens in France and England.[1] He worked with and was strongly influenced by André Le Nôtre, the designer of the gardens at Vaux-le-Vicomte and Versailles that set the pattern for grand gardening in France up to the Revolution. In spite of increasing competition from the informal English landscape style, the French tradition was kept vital through apprenticeship connections in the generation following Le Nôtre's death in 1700, and a principal representative in this tradition was Claude Desgots, "a worthy heir and a great talent in gardening", remarked the master teacher of architecture Jacques-François Blondel.[2]
Claude Desgots was born in Paris, the son of Pierre II Desgots (1630–1688) and Martine Servelle, who were married in 1654. Pierre II was a landscape designer and draughtsman, who worked closely with André Le Nôtre on the gardens at the Château de Chantilly. He was the son of Le Nôtre's sister, Elisabeth (who was born in 1616 and died sometime before 1640) and Pierre I Desgots (c. 1600 – 1675), who had succeeded his brother Jean Desgots as the gardener of the Tuileries in 1624.[3] In 1675 Claude Desgots was sent on a bursary to the French Academy in Rome, and from c. 1679 he collaborated with his father and Le Nôtre on the gardens at Chantilly.[4] He also worked for a while on the gardens at Versailles and succeeded his father as the gardener of the Tuileries upon the latter's death in 1688.[5]
Later career
When William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland, was ambassador to Paris in 1698, he convinced Desgots to return with him to England, where Desgots worked out plans for the Queen's House, Greenwich, and parterres for Windsor Castle, in part bringing up to date earlier plans made by Le Nôtre.[6] Nothing came of the English adventure, except that William III of England, who was also Stadthouder in the Netherlands, commissioned him to draw up plans for the gardens at Het Loo, which have recently been replanted to Desgots' designs.
Plan of the Palais-Royal gardens as designed by Claude Desgots (from Blondel's Architecture françoise, 1754)
Back in France once more, he was appointed Designer of the parterres of the Royal Houses[7] and Controller of the King's Works,[8] doubtless due to the family connection. He was employed by Phillipe II, duc d'Orléans, the Regent during Louis XV's minority, for whom his design at the Palais Royal introduced smooth hillocks with clipped designs of palmettes, which became a familiar feature of formal French pattern-gardens in the eighteenth century.
Desgots took on as a pupil, c. 1720-25, the Swedish architect and garden designer Carl Hårleman, the close collaborator and correspondent of Carl Gustav Tessin.[9] Hårleman was the prime mover in perpetuating the French formal garden in eighteenth-century Sweden.
In 1730 Desgots published a short biography of André Le Nôtre, which is an important source of information about his mentor.[10]
Personal life
Desgots married Brigide Marion, daughter of Antoine Marion, an employee of the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi and intendant (bursar) of the Marquis of Béringhen, who was Premier Écuyer (First Squire) of the Petite Écurie (Lesser Stables).[5] Their son François Desgots, who became captain of a royal vessel, was one of Le Nôtre's principal heirs.[11] Claude Desgots' son-in-law was Jean-Charles Garnier d'Isle [fr], who succeeded Desgots in 1732 as designer of royal gardens under Louis XV.[5]
Major projects
Gardens of the Château de Perrigny in Burgundy as designed by Desgots c. 1720 (from Jean Mariette's L'Architecture françoise, vol. 3, 1727)
The following projects were identified by Runar Strandberg, 1974:
^Garrigues 2001, p. 308; Thompson 2006, pp. xi, 30.
^"digne héritier et une grande capacité dans le Jardinage", in Cours d'architecture iv, 3, quoted Strandberg 1974 p49.
^Garrigues 2001, pp. 308 and 315, provides the genealogical details. Elisabeth Le Nôtre married Pierre I Desgots on 2 February 1633. Hazlehurst 1980, pp. 303–323, describes work by Le Nôtre and Pierre II at Chantilly. Taylor 1998 gives the date 1624 for when Pierre Desgots succeeded his brother Jean at the Tuileries.
^A signed project is in the Hårleman-Tessin collection, Stockholm
Bibliography
Desgots, Claude (1730). "Abrégé de la vie d'André Le Nostre", in Continuation des mémoires de littérature et d'histoire, Tome IX, Partie II. Paris: Simart, pp. 459–471 (at Google Books).
Garrigues, Dominique (2001). Jardins et jardiniers de Versailles au grand siècle. Seyssel: Champ Vallon. ISBN9782876733374.
Guiffrey, Jules (1986). André Le Nostre, English translation by George Booth of the 1913 French edition. Lewes, Sussex: The Book Guild. ISBN9780863321511.
Hazlehurst, F. Hamilton (1980). Gardens of Illusion: The Genius of André Le Nostre. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN9780826512093.
Mariage, Thierry (1999). The World of André Le Nôtre, translated by Graham Larkin. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN0812234685.
Strandberg, Runar (1974). "The French formal garden after Le Nostre", in The French Formal Garden, Elizabeth B. MacDougall and F. Hamilton Hazlehurst, editors. Dumbarton Oaks. Listings at WorldCat.
Taylor, Susan B. (1998). "Desgots" in The Dictionary of Art, 34 volumes, edited by Jane Turner, reprint with minor corrections. New York: Grove. ISBN9781884446009.
Thompson, Ian (2006). The Sun King's Garden. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN9781582346311.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Claude Desgots.
collection.nationalmuseum.se
January 21, 2023
claude, desgots, desgotz, 1658, 1732, french, architect, landscape, architect, designed, french, formal, gardens, france, england, worked, with, strongly, influenced, andré, nôtre, designer, gardens, vaux, vicomte, versailles, that, pattern, grand, gardening, . Claude Desgots or Desgotz c 1658 1732 was a French architect and landscape architect who designed French formal gardens in France and England 1 He worked with and was strongly influenced by Andre Le Notre the designer of the gardens at Vaux le Vicomte and Versailles that set the pattern for grand gardening in France up to the Revolution In spite of increasing competition from the informal English landscape style the French tradition was kept vital through apprenticeship connections in the generation following Le Notre s death in 1700 and a principal representative in this tradition was Claude Desgots a worthy heir and a great talent in gardening remarked the master teacher of architecture Jacques Francois Blondel 2 The Luxembourg Garden as designed by Claude Desgots on the Turgot map of Paris 1739 Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Later career 3 Personal life 4 Major projects 5 References 6 External linksEarly life and career EditClaude Desgots was born in Paris the son of Pierre II Desgots 1630 1688 and Martine Servelle who were married in 1654 Pierre II was a landscape designer and draughtsman who worked closely with Andre Le Notre on the gardens at the Chateau de Chantilly He was the son of Le Notre s sister Elisabeth who was born in 1616 and died sometime before 1640 and Pierre I Desgots c 1600 1675 who had succeeded his brother Jean Desgots as the gardener of the Tuileries in 1624 3 In 1675 Claude Desgots was sent on a bursary to the French Academy in Rome and from c 1679 he collaborated with his father and Le Notre on the gardens at Chantilly 4 He also worked for a while on the gardens at Versailles and succeeded his father as the gardener of the Tuileries upon the latter s death in 1688 5 Later career EditWhen William Bentinck 1st Earl of Portland was ambassador to Paris in 1698 he convinced Desgots to return with him to England where Desgots worked out plans for the Queen s House Greenwich and parterres for Windsor Castle in part bringing up to date earlier plans made by Le Notre 6 Nothing came of the English adventure except that William III of England who was also Stadthouder in the Netherlands commissioned him to draw up plans for the gardens at Het Loo which have recently been replanted to Desgots designs Plan of the Palais Royal gardens as designed by Claude Desgots from Blondel s Architecture francoise 1754 Back in France once more he was appointed Designer of the parterres of the Royal Houses 7 and Controller of the King s Works 8 doubtless due to the family connection He was employed by Phillipe II duc d Orleans the Regent during Louis XV s minority for whom his design at the Palais Royal introduced smooth hillocks with clipped designs of palmettes which became a familiar feature of formal French pattern gardens in the eighteenth century Desgots took on as a pupil c 1720 25 the Swedish architect and garden designer Carl Harleman the close collaborator and correspondent of Carl Gustav Tessin 9 Harleman was the prime mover in perpetuating the French formal garden in eighteenth century Sweden In 1730 Desgots published a short biography of Andre Le Notre which is an important source of information about his mentor 10 Personal life EditDesgots married Brigide Marion daughter of Antoine Marion an employee of the Menus Plaisirs du Roi and intendant bursar of the Marquis of Beringhen who was Premier Ecuyer First Squire of the Petite Ecurie Lesser Stables 5 Their son Francois Desgots who became captain of a royal vessel was one of Le Notre s principal heirs 11 Claude Desgots son in law was Jean Charles Garnier d Isle fr who succeeded Desgots in 1732 as designer of royal gardens under Louis XV 5 Major projects Edit Gardens of the Chateau de Perrigny in Burgundy as designed by Desgots c 1720 from Jean Mariette s L Architecture francoise vol 3 1727 The following projects were identified by Runar Strandberg 1974 In France Palais du Luxembourg Paris Replanning Jacques Boyceau s gardens after the death of the Grande Mademoiselle 1693 12 Clagny Minor adjustments in Le Notre s executed design Rambouillet for M Fleuriau d Armenonville c 1705 Chateau de Sable for Jean Baptiste Colbert marquis de Torcy 1711 Designed the house and gardens Chateau de Champs built 1703 07 to designs by J B de Chamblain Chateau de Meudon officially from 1715 Chateau de Chaville officially from 1715 Chateau d Anet Monumental staircase for the duc de Venome and new gardens replacing the sixteenth century parterres of Androuet du Cerceau Chateau de Perrigny Burgundy Chateau de Bagnolet duchesse d Orleans 1727 Palais Royal Paris for the Regent Philippe duc d Orleans and for his widow c 1723 1730 Abroad Schleissheim Bavaria for Maximilian Emmanuel Elector of Bavaria Queen s House Greenwich England 1698 Not executed Windsor Castle England 1698 Not executed Het Loo Netherlands References EditNotes Garrigues 2001 p 308 Thompson 2006 pp xi 30 digne heritier et une grande capacite dans le Jardinage in Cours d architecture iv 3 quoted Strandberg 1974 p49 Garrigues 2001 pp 308 and 315 provides the genealogical details Elisabeth Le Notre married Pierre I Desgots on 2 February 1633 Hazlehurst 1980 pp 303 323 describes work by Le Notre and Pierre II at Chantilly Taylor 1998 gives the date 1624 for when Pierre Desgots succeeded his brother Jean at the Tuileries Taylor 1998 a b c Garrigues 2001 p 315 Strandberg 1974 p 63 Dessinateur des parterres des Maisons Royales Controlleur des batiments du Roi Their joint archives and drawings form the Harleman Tessin Collection Riksarkivet Stockholm Desgots 1730 Strandberg 1974 A signed project is in the Harleman Tessin collection Stockholm Bibliography Desgots Claude 1730 Abrege de la vie d Andre Le Nostre in Continuation des memoires de litterature et d histoire Tome IX Partie II Paris Simart pp 459 471 at Google Books Garrigues Dominique 2001 Jardins et jardiniers de Versailles au grand siecle Seyssel Champ Vallon ISBN 9782876733374 Guiffrey Jules 1986 Andre Le Nostre English translation by George Booth of the 1913 French edition Lewes Sussex The Book Guild ISBN 9780863321511 Hazlehurst F Hamilton 1980 Gardens of Illusion The Genius of Andre Le Nostre Nashville Tennessee Vanderbilt University Press ISBN 9780826512093 Mariage Thierry 1999 The World of Andre Le Notre translated by Graham Larkin Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 0812234685 Strandberg Runar 1974 The French formal garden after Le Nostre in The French Formal Garden Elizabeth B MacDougall and F Hamilton Hazlehurst editors Dumbarton Oaks Listings at WorldCat Taylor Susan B 1998 Desgots in The Dictionary of Art 34 volumes edited by Jane Turner reprint with minor corrections New York Grove ISBN 9781884446009 Thompson Ian 2006 The Sun King s Garden London Bloomsbury ISBN 9781582346311 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Claude Desgots collection nationalmuseum se Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Claude Desgots amp oldid 1070052071, 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