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Citico (Chattanooga, Tennessee)

February 15, 2024

Citico Town and Mound was a major center[1] of the Coosa confederacy,[2] at the mouth of Citico Creek in the area of what is now Chattanooga, Tennessee. It was second in size to Etowah at the time of Hernando de Soto's march through the area in 1540 CE. In archaeological terms it is considered as part of the 'Dallas phase' of Mississippian/Muscogee culture, c. 1300–1600 CE. For the muskogean version and origin of the name, see "Satapo." Isaac H. Bonsall photographed the site during the American Civil War era in 1864 when it was part of a garden for convalescent Union soldiers.[3]

Citico mound was the center of Citico town, and survived essentially intact up to the US Civil War when it was dug into and used to store gunpowder.[4] It was partially excavated by Clarence Bloomfield Moore in 1914[5] and subsequently destroyed[6][better source needed] in 1915 to create a road extending east upriver from downtown Chattanooga. The Tennessee Division of Archaeology designates the site as "40HA65".

The site is scheduled for destruction in 2016–17[needs update] as part of the City of Chattanooga-Hamilton County[7] Cannon brownfield development,[8] Central Avenue extension through Lincoln Park[9] and north across Citico Creek[10] to Riverside Drive,[11] and private college-student housing development.[12][13]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Note: "Although regarded as one of the most preeminent Mississippian sites in this region, this highly-visible mound and accompanying village was systematically demolished in this century as part of highway construction projects." – R. Bruce Council, "The Citico Site, 40HA65, An Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Lower Amnicola Parallel Interceptor Sewer, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, Tennessee", Final Report prepared for Hensley-Schmidt, Inc. and the City of Chattanooga, Jeffrey L. Brown Institute of Archaeology, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 1992
  2. ^ "The Archaeological Reality of de Soto's Coosa," David J. Hally, Marvin T. Smith, James B. Langford, Jr., David H. Thomas. In Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands East. pp 121–138: Smithsonian Institution Press 1990
  3. ^ "Indian Mound, near Chattanooga, Tennessee, sanitary garden for convalescents. :: United States Civil War". hdl.huntington.org.
  4. ^ "Citico Mound". Chattanooga InterTribal Association. Retrieved June 11, 2016. See photo.
  5. ^ Chattanooga Times, April 18, 1914, p6
  6. ^ Chattanooga Times, June 27, 1915, p11
  7. ^ "CHC Religional Planning Agency". Chattanooga-Hamilton County Regional Planning Commission. City of Chattanooga & Hamilton County, Tennessee. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  8. ^ . The Enterprise Center, Chattanooga TN. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  9. ^ "As details emerge on a Central Avenue expansion, Lincoln Park residents say they aren't happy". Chattanooga Times – Free Press. March 15, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  10. ^ "Indian Spring at the foot of Missionary Ridge Still Feeds Citico Creek 7 April 2012". chattanoogan.com. April 7, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  11. ^ (PDF). Chattanooga-Hamilton County Regional Planning Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 6, 2016. Retrieved June 11, 2016.
  12. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 22, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2016. Chattanooga-Hamilton County Regional PLANNING COMMISSION CASE REPORT: 2015-018 Date: 02-09-15 Rezone property from M-1 Manufacturing Zone to C-3 Central Business Zone Property Location: 1428 Riverside Drive, Property Owner: Westview Drive L.P. Applicant: Wes Bradley w/ University Housing Group, Project Description: The applicant is proposing to develop student housing at 1428 Riverside Drive. The applicant’s site plan shows 174 units, four 4-story buildings, one 3-story building, and 619 surface parking spaces.
  13. ^ "174-Unit Student Housing Planned for Large Vacant Property on Riverside Drive". chattanoogan.com. February 3, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2016.

References edit

  • Evans, E. Raymond & Smith, Gerald, Test Excavations at Citico (40HA65) Hamilton County, Tennessee 1988
  • Moore, Clarence B., The Tennessee, Green, and Lower Ohio River Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield Moore. Richard Polhemus, ed., University of Alabama Press 2002
  • Hatch, James W., "The Citico Site (40HA65): A Synthesis", 'Tennessee Anthropologist', journal of the Tennessee Anthropological Association, 1:2 Fall 1976
  • Honerkamp, Nicholas, Beth Fowler, Tracy Little, Robby Mantooth, "An archaeological Survey of the Citico Site (40HA65), Chattanooga, Tennessee"; Research Contributions 2, Jeffrey L. Brown Institute of Archaeology, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, December 1989

February 15, 2024
citico, chattanooga, tennessee, citico, town, mound, major, center, coosa, confederacy, mouth, citico, creek, area, what, chattanooga, tennessee, second, size, etowah, time, hernando, soto, march, through, area, 1540, archaeological, terms, considered, part, d. Citico Town and Mound was a major center 1 of the Coosa confederacy 2 at the mouth of Citico Creek in the area of what is now Chattanooga Tennessee It was second in size to Etowah at the time of Hernando de Soto s march through the area in 1540 CE In archaeological terms it is considered as part of the Dallas phase of Mississippian Muscogee culture c 1300 1600 CE For the muskogean version and origin of the name see Satapo Isaac H Bonsall photographed the site during the American Civil War era in 1864 when it was part of a garden for convalescent Union soldiers 3 Citico mound was the center of Citico town and survived essentially intact up to the US Civil War when it was dug into and used to store gunpowder 4 It was partially excavated by Clarence Bloomfield Moore in 1914 5 and subsequently destroyed 6 better source needed in 1915 to create a road extending east upriver from downtown Chattanooga The Tennessee Division of Archaeology designates the site as 40HA65 The site is scheduled for destruction in 2016 17 needs update as part of the City of Chattanooga Hamilton County 7 Cannon brownfield development 8 Central Avenue extension through Lincoln Park 9 and north across Citico Creek 10 to Riverside Drive 11 and private college student housing development 12 13 Notes edit Note Although regarded as one of the most preeminent Mississippian sites in this region this highly visible mound and accompanying village was systematically demolished in this century as part of highway construction projects R Bruce Council The Citico Site 40HA65 An Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Lower Amnicola Parallel Interceptor Sewer Chattanooga Hamilton County Tennessee Final Report prepared for Hensley Schmidt Inc and the City of Chattanooga Jeffrey L Brown Institute of Archaeology University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 1992 The Archaeological Reality of de Soto s Coosa David J Hally Marvin T Smith James B Langford Jr David H Thomas In Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands East pp 121 138 Smithsonian Institution Press 1990 Indian Mound near Chattanooga Tennessee sanitary garden for convalescents United States Civil War hdl huntington org Citico Mound Chattanooga InterTribal Association Retrieved June 11 2016 See photo Chattanooga Times April 18 1914 p6 Chattanooga Times June 27 1915 p11 CHC Religional Planning Agency Chattanooga Hamilton County Regional Planning Commission City of Chattanooga amp Hamilton County Tennessee Retrieved June 11 2016 Brownfield Cannon Cumberland Site Revitalization The Enterprise Center Chattanooga TN Archived from the original on June 10 2016 Retrieved June 11 2016 As details emerge on a Central Avenue expansion Lincoln Park residents say they aren t happy Chattanooga Times Free Press March 15 2014 Retrieved June 11 2016 Indian Spring at the foot of Missionary Ridge Still Feeds Citico Creek 7 April 2012 chattanoogan com April 7 2012 Retrieved June 11 2016 THIRD TO RIVERSIDE NEIGHBORHOOD PLAN VISUAL PREFERENCE SURVEY SUMMARY REPORT PDF Chattanooga Hamilton County Regional Planning Agency Archived from the original PDF on June 6 2016 Retrieved June 11 2016 Chattanooga Hamilton County Regional Zoning Commission Report PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 22 2015 Retrieved June 11 2016 Chattanooga Hamilton County Regional PLANNING COMMISSION CASE REPORT 2015 018 Date 02 09 15 Rezone property from M 1 Manufacturing Zone to C 3 Central Business Zone Property Location 1428 Riverside Drive Property Owner Westview Drive L P Applicant Wes Bradley w University Housing Group Project Description The applicant is proposing to develop student housing at 1428 Riverside Drive The applicant s site plan shows 174 units four 4 story buildings one 3 story building and 619 surface parking spaces 174 Unit Student Housing Planned for Large Vacant Property on Riverside Drive chattanoogan com February 3 2015 Retrieved June 11 2016 References editEvans E Raymond amp Smith Gerald Test Excavations at Citico 40HA65 Hamilton County Tennessee 1988 Moore Clarence B The Tennessee Green and Lower Ohio River Expeditions of Clarence Bloomfield Moore Richard Polhemus ed University of Alabama Press 2002 Hatch James W The Citico Site 40HA65 A Synthesis Tennessee Anthropologist journal of the Tennessee Anthropological Association 1 2 Fall 1976 Honerkamp Nicholas Beth Fowler Tracy Little Robby Mantooth An archaeological Survey of the Citico Site 40HA65 Chattanooga Tennessee Research Contributions 2 Jeffrey L Brown Institute of Archaeology University of Tennessee at Chattanooga December 1989 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Citico Chattanooga Tennessee amp oldid 1174998442, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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