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Cyriacus of Ancona

December 29, 2022

Cyriacus of Ancona or Ciriaco de' Pizzicolli (31 July 1391 – 1453/55) was a restlessly itinerant Italian humanist and antiquarian who came from a prominent family of merchants in Ancona, a maritime republic on the Adriatic. He has been called the Father of Archaeology:

Portrait of Cyriacus, fresco, 1459.[1]
Portrait of Cyriacus, relief carving.[1][2]

"Cyriac of Ancona was the most enterprising and prolific recorder of Greek and Roman antiquities, particularly inscriptions, in the fifteenth century, and the general accuracy of his records entitles him to be called the founding father of modern classical archeology."[3]

Life

Unlike many library antiquarians, Cyriacus traveled at first for his family's ventures[Note 1] then to satisfy his own curiosity, all around the Eastern Mediterranean, noting down his archaeological discoveries in his day-book, Commentaria, that eventually filled seven volumes. He made numerous voyages in Southern Italy, Dalmatia[Note 2] and Epirus and into the Morea, to Egypt, to Chios, Rhodes and Beirut, to Anatolia and Constantinople,[Note 3] during which he wrote detailed descriptions of monuments and ancient remains, illustrated by his drawings.

His detailed on-site observations, particularly in lands of the Ottoman Empire, make him one of the precursors of modern archaeology. His accuracy as a meticulous epigrapher was praised by Giovanni Battista de Rossi.[6]

His years in Rome studying Latin are commemorated by his drawings of many of the monuments and antiquities of ancient Rome. In Constantinople he studied Greek. He enjoyed the patronage of Eugenius IV, who had been Papal legate in the March of Ancona from 1420 to 1422, Cosimo de' Medici, and the Visconti of Milan. He was in Siena at the court of Sigismund, and when Sigismund came to Rome for his coronation as Emperor, Cyriacus was his guide among Rome's antiquities. Two years later in 1435, Cyriacus was back exploring in Greece and Egypt.

He was probably the first traveler who recognized the importance of the ruins of Eretria.[7] On 5 April 1436, he described and sketched a plan of the ancient city walls, indicating the position of the theatre and the fortifications of the acropolis and mentioning the existence of inscriptions. He collected a great store of inscriptions, manuscripts, and other antiquities. Through a drawing made for Cyriacus, the appearance of the Column of Justinian is recorded for us, before it was dismantled by the Ottomans. He returned in 1426 after having visited Rhodes, Beirut, Damascus, Cyprus, Mytilene, Thessalonica, and other places.

Pushed by a strong curiosity, he also bought a great number of documents which he used to write six volumes of Commentarii ("Commentaries"). The ravages of time have been unkind to Cyriacus's lifework, which he never published, but which fortunately circulated in manuscript and in copies of his drawings; the Commentarii were lost in the 1514 fire of the library of Alessandro and Costanza Sforza in Pesaro. A series of Pizzicolli's manuscripts about Ancona was destroyed during a fire of the city's archives in 1532.

He retired to Cremona, where he lived so quietly that the year of his death is not certain. Long after his death, some surviving texts were printed: Epigrammata reperta per Illyricum a Kyriaco Anconitano (Rome, 1664), Cyriaci Anconitani nova fragmenta notis illustrata, (Pesaro, 1763) and Itinerarium (Florence, 1742).

Notes

  1. ^ His first voyage was made at the age of nine, in the familia of his mother's brother.
  2. ^ In Dubrovnik, in 1443-1444, he composed two Latin inscriptions, one in the loggia of the Rector’s Palace, and the other on the fountain erected by the architect Onofrio della Cava; they were the first examples of monumental capitals all'antica to be seen in Dubrovnik.[4]
  3. ^ He made his first visit to Constantinople in 1418, his second in 1425.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b Diana Gilliland Wright (January 2012). "To Tell You Something Special". Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  2. ^ Baldelli, Gabriele. "Su due pretesi ritratti anconetani". Cyriaco d'Ancona e la cultura antiquaria dell'Umanesimo: Atti del convegno internazionale di studio, Ancona 6-9 febbraio 1992.
  3. ^ Edward W. Bodnar, Later travels, with Clive Foss - Harvard University Press, 2003. ISBN 9780674007581
  4. ^ Early Renaissance in Ragusa"
  5. ^ Kenneth M. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 1978:71, noting Roberto Weiss, "Cyriacus d'Ancona in Oriente", Agostino Pertusi, ed. Venezia e l'Oriente fra tardo medievo e rinascimento(Venice) 1966:323-37, and Bernard Ashmole, "Ciriac of Ancona", Proceedings of the British Academy 45 (1959:25-41))
  6. ^ Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romae, VII saec. antiquiores, II, 377.
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2007-12-07.

Sources

  • Belozerskaya, Marina (2009). To Wake the Dead: A Renaissance Merchant and the Birth of Archaeology (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-06554-5.
  • Cyriac of Ancona: Later Travels (2004) edited and translated by Edward W. Bodnar and Clive Foss. ISBN 0-674-00758-1
  • Cyriacus of Ancona and Athens (1960), edited and translated by Edward Bodnar. Vol. XLIII of Latomus Revue d'Études Latines.
  • Cyriacus of Ancona's Journeys in the Propontis and the Northern Aegean, 1444-1445 (1976), edited and translated by Edward Bodnar and C. Mitchell.
  • BBC 4, In the Beginning Archaeology: A Secret History, (0:10:37 - 0:17:39) (text on: Ep. 1)

Studies

  • Michail Chatzidakis, "Antike Prägung. Ciriaco d'Ancona und die kulturelle Verortung Griechenlands," in Fremde in der Stadt. Ordnungen, Repräsentationen und soziale Praktiken (13.-15. Jahrhundert). Hrsg. von Peter Bell, Dirk Suckow und Gerhard Wolf. Frankfurt am Main u.a., Peter Lang, 2010 (Inklusion/Exklusion, Studien zu Fremdheit und Armut von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, 16),

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ciriaco de' Pizzicolli.
  • Catholic Encyclopedia: s.v. "Ciriaco d'Ancona"

December 29, 2022
cyriacus, ancona, ciriaco, pizzicolli, july, 1391, 1453, restlessly, itinerant, italian, humanist, antiquarian, came, from, prominent, family, merchants, ancona, maritime, republic, adriatic, been, called, father, archaeology, portrait, cyriacus, fresco, 1459,. Cyriacus of Ancona or Ciriaco de Pizzicolli 31 July 1391 1453 55 was a restlessly itinerant Italian humanist and antiquarian who came from a prominent family of merchants in Ancona a maritime republic on the Adriatic He has been called the Father of Archaeology Portrait of Cyriacus fresco 1459 1 Portrait of Cyriacus relief carving 1 2 Cyriac of Ancona was the most enterprising and prolific recorder of Greek and Roman antiquities particularly inscriptions in the fifteenth century and the general accuracy of his records entitles him to be called the founding father of modern classical archeology 3 Contents 1 Life 2 Notes 3 References 4 Sources 5 Studies 6 External linksLife EditUnlike many library antiquarians Cyriacus traveled at first for his family s ventures Note 1 then to satisfy his own curiosity all around the Eastern Mediterranean noting down his archaeological discoveries in his day book Commentaria that eventually filled seven volumes He made numerous voyages in Southern Italy Dalmatia Note 2 and Epirus and into the Morea to Egypt to Chios Rhodes and Beirut to Anatolia and Constantinople Note 3 during which he wrote detailed descriptions of monuments and ancient remains illustrated by his drawings His detailed on site observations particularly in lands of the Ottoman Empire make him one of the precursors of modern archaeology His accuracy as a meticulous epigrapher was praised by Giovanni Battista de Rossi 6 His years in Rome studying Latin are commemorated by his drawings of many of the monuments and antiquities of ancient Rome In Constantinople he studied Greek He enjoyed the patronage of Eugenius IV who had been Papal legate in the March of Ancona from 1420 to 1422 Cosimo de Medici and the Visconti of Milan He was in Siena at the court of Sigismund and when Sigismund came to Rome for his coronation as Emperor Cyriacus was his guide among Rome s antiquities Two years later in 1435 Cyriacus was back exploring in Greece and Egypt He was probably the first traveler who recognized the importance of the ruins of Eretria 7 On 5 April 1436 he described and sketched a plan of the ancient city walls indicating the position of the theatre and the fortifications of the acropolis and mentioning the existence of inscriptions He collected a great store of inscriptions manuscripts and other antiquities Through a drawing made for Cyriacus the appearance of the Column of Justinian is recorded for us before it was dismantled by the Ottomans He returned in 1426 after having visited Rhodes Beirut Damascus Cyprus Mytilene Thessalonica and other places Pushed by a strong curiosity he also bought a great number of documents which he used to write six volumes of Commentarii Commentaries The ravages of time have been unkind to Cyriacus s lifework which he never published but which fortunately circulated in manuscript and in copies of his drawings the Commentarii were lost in the 1514 fire of the library of Alessandro and Costanza Sforza in Pesaro A series of Pizzicolli s manuscripts about Ancona was destroyed during a fire of the city s archives in 1532 He retired to Cremona where he lived so quietly that the year of his death is not certain Long after his death some surviving texts were printed Epigrammata reperta per Illyricum a Kyriaco Anconitano Rome 1664 Cyriaci Anconitani nova fragmenta notis illustrata Pesaro 1763 and Itinerarium Florence 1742 Notes Edit His first voyage was made at the age of nine in the familia of his mother s brother In Dubrovnik in 1443 1444 he composed two Latin inscriptions one in the loggia of the Rector s Palace and the other on the fountain erected by the architect Onofrio della Cava they were the first examples of monumental capitals all antica to be seen in Dubrovnik 4 He made his first visit to Constantinople in 1418 his second in 1425 5 References Edit a b Diana Gilliland Wright January 2012 To Tell You Something Special Retrieved 26 March 2012 Baldelli Gabriele Su due pretesi ritratti anconetani Cyriaco d Ancona e la cultura antiquaria dell Umanesimo Atti del convegno internazionale di studio Ancona 6 9 febbraio 1992 Edward W Bodnar Later travels with Clive Foss Harvard University Press 2003 ISBN 9780674007581 Early Renaissance in Ragusa Kenneth M Setton The Papacy and the Levant 1204 1571 1978 71 noting Roberto Weiss Cyriacus d Ancona in Oriente Agostino Pertusi ed Venezia e l Oriente fra tardo medievo e rinascimento Venice 1966 323 37 and Bernard Ashmole Ciriac of Ancona Proceedings of the British Academy 45 1959 25 41 Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romae VII saec antiquiores II 377 Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece The rediscovery of Eretria Archived from the original on 2007 10 06 Retrieved 2007 12 07 Sources EditBelozerskaya Marina 2009 To Wake the Dead A Renaissance Merchant and the Birth of Archaeology 1st ed New York W W Norton amp Co ISBN 0 393 06554 5 Cyriac of Ancona Later Travels 2004 edited and translated by Edward W Bodnar and Clive Foss ISBN 0 674 00758 1 Cyriacus of Ancona and Athens 1960 edited and translated by Edward Bodnar Vol XLIII of Latomus Revue d Etudes Latines Cyriacus of Ancona s Journeys in the Propontis and the Northern Aegean 1444 1445 1976 edited and translated by Edward Bodnar and C Mitchell BBC 4 In the Beginning Archaeology A Secret History 0 10 37 0 17 39 text on Ep 1 Studies EditMichail Chatzidakis Antike Pragung Ciriaco d Ancona und die kulturelle Verortung Griechenlands in Fremde in der Stadt Ordnungen Reprasentationen und soziale Praktiken 13 15 Jahrhundert Hrsg von Peter Bell Dirk Suckow und Gerhard Wolf Frankfurt am Main u a Peter Lang 2010 Inklusion Exklusion Studien zu Fremdheit und Armut von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart 16 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ciriaco de Pizzicolli Catholic Encyclopedia s v Ciriaco d Ancona Cyriaco of Ancona 1391 1455 Cyriaco in the Argolid Portraits Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cyriacus of Ancona amp oldid 1111010655, 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