J. Christopher Stevens
John Christopher Stevens (April 18, 1960 – September 11, 2012)[2] was an American career diplomat and lawyer who served as the U.S. Ambassador to Libya from May 22, 2012, to September 11, 2012.[3][4] Stevens was killed when the U.S. Special Mission in Benghazi, Libya, was attacked by members of Ansar al-Sharia on September 11–12, 2012.[3][5]
J. Christopher Stevens | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2012 | |
| 10th United States Ambassador to Libya | |
| In office June 7, 2012 – September 11, 2012 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Gene Cretz |
| Succeeded by | Laurence Pope (as Chargé d'affaires)[1] |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Christopher Stevens April 18, 1960 Grass Valley, California, U.S. |
| Died | September 11, 2012 (aged 52) Benghazi, Libya |
| Cause of death | Assassinated during 2012 Benghazi attack |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | University of California, Berkeley (BA) University of California, Hastings (JD) National Defense University (MS) |
Stevens was the eighth U.S. Ambassador to be killed while in office.[6]
Early life and education edit
Stevens was born on April 18, 1960, in Grass Valley, California, the eldest of three siblings born to Jan S. Stevens, a California Assistant Attorney General,[7] and his wife Mary J. Stevens (née Floris; born 1937),[8] from a West Coast family of French, Swedish and Chinook ancestry.[9] Stevens was raised in Northern California and had two younger siblings, Anne (born 1962) and Thomas (born 1965).[10]
Stevens' parents divorced in 1975, and both remarried. Stevens himself never married.[7] His mother, a cellist, joined the Marin Symphony Orchestra (1969—2004),[11] and in 1976 married Robert Commanday, a music critic with the San Francisco Chronicle.[12][13]
Stevens was an AFS Intercultural Programs exchange student in Spain during summer of 1977, and graduated from Piedmont High School[14] in 1978. He earned BA degree in history in 1982 at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was a member of Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. From 1983 to 1985, he taught English as a Peace Corps volunteer in Morocco. He graduated with JD degree from University of California, Hastings College of Law in 1989, and received MS degree from the National War College of National Defense University in 2010.
Career edit
Lawyer edit
Prior to joining the United States Foreign Service, Stevens was an international trade attorney based in Washington, D.C.[4] He was admitted as an active member of the State Bar of California on January 26, 1990; he went on an inactive status on August 1, 1991, and remained an inactive member for the remainder of his career.[15]
U.S. Foreign Service edit
Stevens joined the United States Foreign Service in 1991. His early overseas assignments included: deputy principal officer and political section chief in Jerusalem, political officer in Damascus, consular/political officer in Cairo, and consular/economic officer in Riyadh. In Washington, Stevens served as director of the Office of Multilateral Nuclear and Security Affairs, Pearson Fellow with the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Senator Richard Lugar, special assistant to Undersecretary for Political Affairs, Iran desk officer, and staff assistant in the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.
He had served in Libya twice previously: as Deputy Chief of Mission, 2007 to 2009, and as Special Representative to the National Transitional Council, March 2011 to November 2011, during Libyan revolution. He arrived in Tripoli in May 2012 as U.S. Ambassador to Libya.[4]
Stevens spoke English, French, and some Arabic.[16]
Death edit
During the 2012 Benghazi attack, a fire was set against the wall of the main consulate building while three Americans were inside—Stevens, Sean Smith, and a security officer.[17] According to U.S. officials, the security officer escaped; the staff found Smith dead. They were unable to locate Stevens before being driven from the building under large arms fire.[17] Local civilians found Stevens and brought him to the Benghazi Medical Centre in a state of cardiac arrest. Medical personnel tried to resuscitate him, but he was pronounced dead at about 2 a.m. local time on September 12, 2012.[17] Later reports suggested that the attack was coordinated and planned, with any protests either coincidental or possibly diversionary.[18] Libyan president Muhammad Magariaf blamed elements of Ansar al-Sharia for the killing, linking them to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Libyan officials suggested that it might have been a revenge attack mounted by loyalists (of deceased Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi) who were defeated in the Libyan Civil War the previous year.[19] The doctors who tended to Stevens said that no visible physical wounds were found on his body and that he died from smoke inhalation, making hypoxia the cause of his death.[20]
The surviving Americans were taken to a safe house. A rescue squad consisting of eight former U.S. military was sent from Tripoli, the capital. They were ambushed and the safe house came under attack. Two more Americans died, including one sent from Tripoli; several were wounded.[17][21][22] Later reports identified the victims as Tyrone S. Woods and Glen A. Doherty, both former Navy SEALs working as security and intelligence contractors.[23][24]
Stevens is buried in New Elm Ridge Cemetery (formerly known as Forester's Cemetery) in Grass Valley, California.
See also edit
- Arnold Lewis Raphel, the previous U.S. ambassador to die in the line of duty
- Ambassadors of the United States killed in the line of duty
- List of assassinated American politicians
References edit
- ^ "New US Charge D'Affairs starts his work in Libya". KUNA. October 10, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
- ^ "California birth index search". FamilyTreeLegends. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- ^ a b "US ambassador 'killed in Libya'". BBC News. September 11, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- ^ a b c . U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012.
- ^ Margaret Coker (September 11, 2012). "U.S. Ambassador to Libya Is Killed". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- ^ "US ambassadors killed in the line of duty". Boston. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- ^ a b "Stevens Remembered as a Man Who Cared Deeply for Libya". Salt Lake City Tribune. September 11, 2012.
- ^ Jenny Monnet (September 28, 2012). "Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens' Mother Spells Out Family Legacy". Indian Country Today. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
Stevens was a 1/16th enrolled citizen of the Chinook Indian Nation
- ^ "Slain ambassador was member of local Chinook Tribe" September 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Chinook Observer. September 13, 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
- ^ Matt Bewig (March 18, 2012). "Ambassador to Libya: Who Is Chris Stevens?". allgov. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- ^ The death of Chris Stevens, U.S. Ambassador to Libya, hits close to home. September 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ California Marriage Index, 1960–1985, accessed on ancestry.com on September 17, 2012
- ^ "Slain Ambassador Chris Stevens was 'A Very Smart, Very Funny Guy' says Cal Roommate Austin Tichenor". Napa Patch. September 11, 2012. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013.
- ^ Anita Creamer; The Sacramento Bee. "Slain U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens had Northern California roots". McClatchydc. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
- ^ State Bar of California, Attorney Profile for John Christopher Stevens. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
- ^ Bradley Klapper (September 12, 2012). . Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
- ^ a b c d Hadeel Al Shalchi (September 13, 2012). "In Libya, deadly fury took U.S. envoys by surprise". Reuters. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
- ^ CBS/AP. "U.S. officials: Deadly Libya attack likely planned". CBS News. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
- ^ Hammond, Andrew (September 12, 2012). "Libya official says Gaddafi loyalists killed U.S. diplomats". Reuters. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
- ^ Baker, Peter; Kirkpatrick, David D.; Zway, Suliman Ali; Myers, Steven Lee (September 15, 2012). Joseph, Kahn; Baquet, Dean; Drake, Monica; Sulzberger, Sulzberger; Arthur Ochs, Sulzberger Jr.; Louttit, Meghan (eds.). . The New York Times. Vol. CLXI, no. 74. New York City. p. A11. Archived from the original on October 28, 2012.
- ^ Libya: Assault on U.S. consulate in Benghazi leaves 4 dead, including U.S. Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens CBS News September 11, 2012
- ^ US confirms ambassador killed in Benghazi Libya BBC News September 11, 2012
- ^ . U.S. Department of State. September 13, 2012. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
- ^ "Two SEAL vets from SD killed in Libya". U-T San Diego. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
External links edit
- Introducing U.S. Ambassador to Libya, Chris Stevens on YouTube – U.S. Embassy Tripoli video
- Memorial site
- Ambassador Christopher Stevens FB Memorial Page
- Appearances on C-SPAN