They are an essential element in pregnancy from a histomorphologic perspective, and are, by definition, a product of conception. Branches of the umbilical arteries carry embryonic blood to the villi. After circulating through the capillaries of the villi, blood returns to the embryo through the umbilical vein. Thus, villi are part of the border between maternal and fetal blood during pregnancy.
Anchoring (stem) villi stabilize the mechanical integrity of the placental-maternal interface.
Developmentedit
The chorion undergoes rapid proliferation and forms numerous processes, the chorionic villi, which invade and destroy the uterine decidua and at the same time absorb from it nutritive materials for the growth of the embryo. They undergo several stages, depending on their composition.
Stage
Description
Period of gestation
Contents
Primary
The chorionic villi are at first small and non-vascular.
Until about the end of the second month of pregnancy, the villi cover the entire chorion, and are almost uniform in size—but after then, they develop unequally.
The bulk of the villi consist of connective tissues that contain blood vessels. Most of the cells in the connective tissue core of the villi are fibroblasts. Macrophages known as Hofbauer cells are also present.
Recent studies indicate that the chorionic villi may be susceptible to bacterial[5] and viral infections. Recents findings indicate that ureaplasma parvum can infect the chorionic villi tissues of pregnant women, thereby impacting pregnancy outcome.[6] DNA from JC polyomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus has been detected in chorionic villi from pregnant women and women affected by miscarriage.[7][8] DNA from BK polyomavirus has also been detected in the same tissues but to a lesser extent.[7]
In early miscarriage, the finding of chorionic villi in vaginal expulsions is often the only definite confirmation that there was an intrauterine pregnancy rather than an ectopic pregnancy.
^ abcLarsen, William J. : Human embryology. Sherman, Lawrence S.; Potter, S. Steven; Scott, William J. 3. ed.
^"European Biotech Company Biocell Center Opens First U.S. Facility for Preservation of Amniotic Stem Cells in Medford, Massachusetts | Reuters". 2009-10-22. Retrieved 2010-01-11.[dead link]
^"Europe's Biocell Center opens Medford office – Daily Business Update – The Boston Globe". 2009-10-22. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
^. Archived from the original on 2012-09-21. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
^Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A (2019). "Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage". J Cell Physiol. 34 (3): 433–440. doi:10.1002/jcp.26952. hdl:11392/2393176. PMID 30078192.
^Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A, Poggi A, Capucci R, Vesce F, Tognon M, Martini F (2018). "Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage". J Cell Physiol. 234 (1): 100–9107. doi:10.1002/jcp.26952. hdl:11392/2393176. PMID 30078192.
^ abTagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2019). "Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in specimens from females affected by spontaneous abortion". Hum Reprod. 34 (3): 433–440. doi:10.1002/jcp.27490. hdl:11392/2397717. PMID 30590693. S2CID 53106591.
^Tagliapietra A, Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Mazzoni E, Magagnoli F, Maritati M (2020). "Droplet-digital PCR assay to detect Merkel cell polyomavirus sequences in chorionic villi from spontaneous abortion affected females". J Cell Physiol. 235 (3): 1888–1894. doi:10.1002/jcp.29213. hdl:11392/2409453. PMID 31549405.
chorionic, villi, villi, that, sprout, from, chorion, provide, maximal, contact, area, with, maternal, blood, detailsdays24identifiersmeshd002824anatomical, terminology, edit, wikidata, they, essential, element, pregnancy, from, histomorphologic, perspective, . Chorionic villi are villi that sprout from the chorion to provide maximal contact area with maternal blood Chorionic villiDetailsDays24IdentifiersMeSHD002824Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata They are an essential element in pregnancy from a histomorphologic perspective and are by definition a product of conception Branches of the umbilical arteries carry embryonic blood to the villi After circulating through the capillaries of the villi blood returns to the embryo through the umbilical vein Thus villi are part of the border between maternal and fetal blood during pregnancy Contents 1 Structure 1 1 Development 1 2 Microanatomy 2 Clinical significance 2 1 Use for prenatal diagnosis 2 2 Stem cell 2 3 Infections 2 4 Early miscarriage 3 Additional images 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksStructure edit nbsp Primary chorionic villi nbsp Tertiary chorionic villi Villi can also be classified by their relations Floating villi float freely in the intervillous space They exhibit a bi layered epithelium consisting of cytotrophoblasts with overlaying syncytium syncytiotrophoblast Anchoring stem villi stabilize the mechanical integrity of the placental maternal interface Development edit The chorion undergoes rapid proliferation and forms numerous processes the chorionic villi which invade and destroy the uterine decidua and at the same time absorb from it nutritive materials for the growth of the embryo They undergo several stages depending on their composition Stage Description Period of gestation Contents Primary The chorionic villi are at first small and non vascular 13 15 days trophoblast only 1 Secondary The villi increase in size and ramify while the mesoderm grows into them 16 21 days trophoblast and mesoderm 1 Tertiary Branches of the umbilical artery and umbilical vein grow into the mesoderm and in this way the chorionic villi are vascularized 17 22 days trophoblast mesoderm and blood vessels 1 Until about the end of the second month of pregnancy the villi cover the entire chorion and are almost uniform in size but after then they develop unequally Microanatomy edit nbsp Histopathology of a chorionic villus in a tubal pregnancy The bulk of the villi consist of connective tissues that contain blood vessels Most of the cells in the connective tissue core of the villi are fibroblasts Macrophages known as Hofbauer cells are also present Clinical significance editUse for prenatal diagnosis edit Main article Chorionic villus sampling In 1983 an Italian biologist named Giuseppe Simoni discovered a new method of prenatal diagnosis using chorionic villi Stem cell edit Chorionic villi are a rich source of stem cells Biocell Center a biotech company managed by Giuseppe Simoni is studying and testing these types of stem cells Chorionic stem cells like amniotic stem cells are uncontroversial multipotent stem cells 2 3 4 Infections edit Recent studies indicate that the chorionic villi may be susceptible to bacterial 5 and viral infections Recents findings indicate that ureaplasma parvum can infect the chorionic villi tissues of pregnant women thereby impacting pregnancy outcome 6 DNA from JC polyomavirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus has been detected in chorionic villi from pregnant women and women affected by miscarriage 7 8 DNA from BK polyomavirus has also been detected in the same tissues but to a lesser extent 7 Early miscarriage edit nbsp Gross pathology of chorionic villi after a miscarriage In early miscarriage the finding of chorionic villi in vaginal expulsions is often the only definite confirmation that there was an intrauterine pregnancy rather than an ectopic pregnancy Additional images edit nbsp Micrograph showing chorionic villi Intermediate magnification H amp E stain nbsp Micrograph showing chorionic villi Very high magnification H amp E stain nbsp Section through the embryo nbsp Transverse section of a chorionic villus nbsp Human embryo of about 28 days with yolk sac See also editVillitis of unknown etiologyReferences edit nbsp This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 60 of the 20th edition of Gray s Anatomy 1918 a b c Larsen William J Human embryology Sherman Lawrence S Potter S Steven Scott William J 3 ed European Biotech Company Biocell Center Opens First U S Facility for Preservation of Amniotic Stem Cells in Medford Massachusetts Reuters 2009 10 22 Retrieved 2010 01 11 dead link Europe s Biocell Center opens Medford office Daily Business Update The Boston Globe 2009 10 22 Retrieved 2010 01 11 The Ticker BostonHerald com Archived from the original on 2012 09 21 Retrieved 2010 01 11 Contini C Rotondo JC Magagnoli F Maritati M Seraceni S Graziano A 2019 Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage J Cell Physiol 34 3 433 440 doi 10 1002 jcp 26952 hdl 11392 2393176 PMID 30078192 Contini C Rotondo JC Magagnoli F Maritati M Seraceni S Graziano A Poggi A Capucci R Vesce F Tognon M Martini F 2018 Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage J Cell Physiol 234 1 100 9107 doi 10 1002 jcp 26952 hdl 11392 2393176 PMID 30078192 a b Tagliapietra A Rotondo JC Bononi I Mazzoni E Magagnoli F Maritati M 2019 Footprints of BK and JC polyomaviruses in specimens from females affected by spontaneous abortion Hum Reprod 34 3 433 440 doi 10 1002 jcp 27490 hdl 11392 2397717 PMID 30590693 S2CID 53106591 Tagliapietra A Rotondo JC Bononi I Mazzoni E Magagnoli F Maritati M 2020 Droplet digital PCR assay to detect Merkel cell polyomavirus sequences in chorionic villi from spontaneous abortion affected females J Cell Physiol 235 3 1888 1894 doi 10 1002 jcp 29213 hdl 11392 2409453 PMID 31549405 External links edithttp www med umich edu lrc coursepages M1 embryology embryo 06placenta htm Portal nbsp Anatomy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chorionic villi amp oldid 1193751293, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
