Chlorokybus is a multicellular (sarcinoid) genus of basal green algae or charophyte. It has been classified as the sole member of the family Chlorokybaceae,[3] which is the sole member of the order Chlorokybales,[4] in turn the sole member of the class Chlorokybophyceae.[5][6] It grows on soil and rock surfaces,[7] and is rare.[8]
Chlorokybus is a microalga forming sarcinoid, cubical packets of two to eight cells. Each cell contain a single chloroplast which contains a central pyrenoid surrounded by grains of starch, as well as another pyrenoid (called the pseudopyrenoid) near the edge of the chloroplast which lacks starch grains. Mature packets produce a layer of mucilage surrounding the cells.[7]
Chlorokybus reproduces asexually by forming autospores. The autospores can also differentiate into zoospores, which have two flagella. Zoospores can form groups of up to 32 cells. Zoospores swim to a new location and then settle, retracting their flagella and creating a new vegetative cell.[7]
TaxonomyEdit
Chlorokybus atmophyticus was once thought to be the only species in the genus.[8] In 2021, a study showed that there were at least four other species, morphologically indistinguishable, but with deep genomic differences, suggesting divergences possibly about 76 million years ago. Chlorokybus has been found in Eurasia, Central and South America.[7]
Chlorokybus was placed in a new class, order and family. The new class Chlorokybophyceae was basal within the charophytes.[7]
Within the genus, the species were related as shown in the cladogram:[7]
Chlorokybus
C. cerffii
C. riethii
C. bremeri
C. atmophyticus
C. melkonianii
ReferencesEdit
^ abGuiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Chlorokybus". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
^Geitler, L. (1942). "Morphologie, Entwicklungsgeschichte und systematik neuer bemerkenswerter atmosphytischer Algen aus Wien". Flora NF. Vol. 136. pp. 1–29.
^ abGuiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Chlorokybaceae". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
^ abGuiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Chlorokybales". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
^ abGuiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Chlorokybophyceae". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
^Leliaert, Frederik; Verbruggen, Heroen; Zechman, Frederick W. (2011). "Into the deep: New discoveries at the base of the green plant phylogeny". BioEssays. 33 (9): 683–692. doi:10.1002/bies.201100035. ISSN 0265-9247. PMID 21744372. S2CID 40459076.
^ abcdefIrisarri, Iker; Darienko, Tatyana; Pröschold, Thomas; Fürst-Jansen, Janine M. R.; Jamy, Mahwash & de Vries, Jan (2021). "Unexpected cryptic species among streptophyte algae most distant to land plants". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 288 (1963): 20212168. doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.2168. PMC8611356. PMID 34814752.
^ abRogers, Catherine E.; Mattox, Karl R.; Stewart, Kenneth D. (1980). "The Zoospore of Chlorokybus Atmophyticus, a Charophyte with Sarcinoid Growth Habit". American Journal of Botany. 67 (5): 774–783. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1980.tb07706.x. JSTOR 2442669.
External linksEdit
The Delwiche Lab: Molecular Systematics
August 25, 2023
chlorokybus, multicellular, sarcinoid, genus, basal, green, algae, charophyte, been, classified, sole, member, family, chlorokybaceae, which, sole, member, order, chlorokybales, turn, sole, member, class, chlorokybophyceae, grows, soil, rock, surfaces, rare, a. Chlorokybus is a multicellular sarcinoid genus of basal green algae or charophyte It has been classified as the sole member of the family Chlorokybaceae 3 which is the sole member of the order Chlorokybales 4 in turn the sole member of the class Chlorokybophyceae 5 6 It grows on soil and rock surfaces 7 and is rare 8 ChlorokybusChlorokybus atmophyticusScientific classification unranked Viridiplantae unranked CharophytaClass ChlorokybophyceaeIrisarri amp al 5 Order ChlorokybalesIrisarri amp al 4 Family ChlorokybaceaeIrisarri amp al 3 Genus ChlorokybusGeitler 1 2 Species 1 Chlorokybus atmophyticus GeitlerChlorokybus bremeri Irisarri et al Chlorokybus cerffii Irisarri et al Chlorokybus melkonianii Irisarri et al Chlorokybus riethii Irisarri et al Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 References 4 External linksDescription EditChlorokybus is a microalga forming sarcinoid cubical packets of two to eight cells Each cell contain a single chloroplast which contains a central pyrenoid surrounded by grains of starch as well as another pyrenoid called the pseudopyrenoid near the edge of the chloroplast which lacks starch grains Mature packets produce a layer of mucilage surrounding the cells 7 Chlorokybus reproduces asexually by forming autospores The autospores can also differentiate into zoospores which have two flagella Zoospores can form groups of up to 32 cells Zoospores swim to a new location and then settle retracting their flagella and creating a new vegetative cell 7 Taxonomy EditChlorokybus atmophyticus was once thought to be the only species in the genus 8 In 2021 a study showed that there were at least four other species morphologically indistinguishable but with deep genomic differences suggesting divergences possibly about 76 million years ago Chlorokybus has been found in Eurasia Central and South America 7 Chlorokybus was placed in a new class order and family The new class Chlorokybophyceae was basal within the charophytes 7 MesostigmatophyceaeSpirotaeniaChlorokybophyceaeKlebsormidiophyceaeCharophyceaeColeochaetophyceaeZygnematophyceaeEmbryophytaWithin the genus the species were related as shown in the cladogram 7 Chlorokybus C cerffiiC riethiiC bremeriC atmophyticusC melkonianiiReferences Edit a b Guiry M D Guiry G M Chlorokybus AlgaeBase World wide electronic publication National University of Ireland Galway Geitler L 1942 Morphologie Entwicklungsgeschichte und systematik neuer bemerkenswerter atmosphytischer Algen aus Wien Flora NF Vol 136 pp 1 29 a b Guiry M D Guiry G M Chlorokybaceae AlgaeBase World wide electronic publication National University of Ireland Galway a b Guiry M D Guiry G M Chlorokybales AlgaeBase World wide electronic publication National University of Ireland Galway a b Guiry M D Guiry G M Chlorokybophyceae AlgaeBase World wide electronic publication National University of Ireland Galway Leliaert Frederik Verbruggen Heroen Zechman Frederick W 2011 Into the deep New discoveries at the base of the green plant phylogeny BioEssays 33 9 683 692 doi 10 1002 bies 201100035 ISSN 0265 9247 PMID 21744372 S2CID 40459076 a b c d e f Irisarri Iker Darienko Tatyana Proschold Thomas Furst Jansen Janine M R Jamy Mahwash amp de Vries Jan 2021 Unexpected cryptic species among streptophyte algae most distant to land plants Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 288 1963 20212168 doi 10 1098 rspb 2021 2168 PMC 8611356 PMID 34814752 a b Rogers Catherine E Mattox Karl R Stewart Kenneth D 1980 The Zoospore of Chlorokybus Atmophyticus a Charophyte with Sarcinoid Growth Habit American Journal of Botany 67 5 774 783 doi 10 1002 j 1537 2197 1980 tb07706 x JSTOR 2442669 External links EditThe Delwiche Lab Molecular Systematics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chlorokybus amp oldid 1170461121, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
