The Chinantec or Chinantecan languages constitute a branch of the Oto-Manguean family. Though traditionally considered a single language, Ethnologue lists 14 partially mutually unintelligible varieties of Chinantec.[2] The languages are spoken by the indigenous Chinantec people who live in Oaxaca and Veracruz, Mexico, especially in the districts of Cuicatlán, Ixtlán de Juárez, Tuxtepec and Choapan, and in Staten Island, New York.[3]
Egland and Bartholomew (1978)[4] established fourteen Chinantec languages on the basis of 80% mutual intelligibility. Ethnologue found that one that had not been adequately compared (Tlaltepusco) was not distinct, but split another (Lalana from Tepinapa). At a looser criterion of 70% intelligibility, Lalana–Tepinapa, Quiotepec–Comaltepec, Palantla–Valle Nacional, and geographically distant Chiltepec–Tlacoatzintepec would be languages, reducing the count to ten. Lealao Chinantec (Latani) is the most divergent.
All Chinantec languages are tonal. Some, such as Usila Chinantec and Ojitlán Chinantec, have five register tones (in addition to contour tones), with the extreme tones deriving historically from ballistic syllables.[8]
Grammaredit
Grammars are published for Sochiapam Chinantec,[9] and a grammar and a dictionary of Palantla (Tlatepuzco) Chinantec.[10][11]
The parts of this sentence are: ca¹ a prefix which marks the past tense, dsén¹ which is the verb stem meaning "to pull out an animate object", the suffix -jni referring to the first person, the noun classifierchi³ and the nounchieh³ meaning chicken.
Whistled speechedit
The Chinantec people have practiced whistled speech since the pre-Columbian era. The rhythm and pitch of normal Chinantec speech allow speakers of the language to have entire conversations only by whistling. The sound of whistling carries better than shouting across the canyons of mountainous Oaxaca. It enables messages to be exchanged over a distance of up to one kilometre (0.62 mi). Whistled speech is typically only used by Chinantec men, although women also understand it. Use of the whistled language is declining, as modern technology such as walkie-talkies and loudspeakers have made long-distance communication easier.[12]
^"Lenguas indígenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020". Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020. INEGI.
^Palancar, Enrique L. (2014). "Revisiting the Complexity of the Chinantecan Verb Conjugation Classes". In Léonard, Jean-Léo; Kihm, Alain (eds.). Patterns in Mesoamerican Morphology. pp. 77–102. HAL 01100738.
^Torrens, Claudio (2011-05-28). "Some NY immigrants cite lack of Spanish as barrier". UTSanDiego.com. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
^Egland, S.; Bartholomew, D. (1978). (PDF). Mexico, D.F.: Instituto Linguistico de Verano. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-12-02.
^Merrifield, William; Rensch, Calvin R., eds. (1990). (PDF). Studies in Chinantec Languages. Vol. 4 Summer Institute of Linguistics and The University of Texas at Arlington. ISBN0-88312-105-0. LCCN 90-71408. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-12-12.
^Mugele, R. L. (1982). Tone and Ballistic Syllables in Lalana Chinantec (Ph.D. dissertation). Austin: University of Texas.
^Rensch, Calvin (1978). "Ballistic and controlled syllables in Otomanguean Languages". In Bell, Alan; Hooper, Joan B. (eds.). Syllables and Segments. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company. pp. 85–92.
^Edmondson, Jerold A.; Gregerson, Kenneth J. (1992). "On Five-level Tone Systems". In Hwang, Shin Ja J.; Merrifield, William R. (eds.). Language in Context: Essays for Robert E. Longacre. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 555–576.
^Foris, David Paul (2000). A grammar of Sochiapam Chinantec. Studies in Chinantec languages. Vol. 6. Dallas, TX: SIL International and The University of Texas at Arlington.
^Merrifield, William R. (1968). "Palantla Chinantec grammar". Papeles de la Chinantla 5. Serie Científica. Vol. 9. México: Museo Nacional de Antropología.
^ abMerrifield, William R.; Anderson, Alfred E. (2007). Diccionario Chinanteco de la diáspora del pueblo antiguo de San Pedro Tlatepuzco, Oaxaca(PDF). Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”. Vol. 39 (2nd ed.). Mexico DF: Summer Linguistic Institute.
^Schachar, Natalie (8 September 2017). "The decline of Chinantec whistled speech in Mexico". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chinatecan languages.
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Chinantec reconstructions
The Chinantec language family (SIL-Mexico)
Feist, Timothy & Enrique L. Palancar. (2015). Oto-Manguean Inflectional Class Database: Tlatepuzco Chinantec. University of Surrey. doi:10.15126/SMG.28/1.01
January 01, 1970
chinantecan, languages, chinantec, constitute, branch, manguean, family, though, traditionally, considered, single, language, ethnologue, lists, partially, mutually, unintelligible, varieties, chinantec, languages, spoken, indigenous, chinantec, people, live, . The Chinantec or Chinantecan languages constitute a branch of the Oto Manguean family Though traditionally considered a single language Ethnologue lists 14 partially mutually unintelligible varieties of Chinantec 2 The languages are spoken by the indigenous Chinantec people who live in Oaxaca and Veracruz Mexico especially in the districts of Cuicatlan Ixtlan de Juarez Tuxtepec and Choapan and in Staten Island New York 3 ChinantecTsa JujmiNative toMexicoRegionOaxacaEthnicityChinantecsNative speakers140 000 2020 census 1 Language familyOto Manguean WesternOto Pame ChinantecanChinantecLanguage codesISO 639 3Variously a href https iso639 3 sil org code cco class extiw title iso639 3 cco cco a Comaltepec Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code chj class extiw title iso639 3 chj chj a Ojitlan Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code chq class extiw title iso639 3 chq chq a Quiotepec Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code chz class extiw title iso639 3 chz chz a Ozumacin Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code cle class extiw title iso639 3 cle cle a Lealao Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code cnl class extiw title iso639 3 cnl cnl a Lalana Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code cnt class extiw title iso639 3 cnt cnt a Tepetotutla Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code cpa class extiw title iso639 3 cpa cpa a Palantla Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code csa class extiw title iso639 3 csa csa a Chiltepec Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code cso class extiw title iso639 3 cso cso a Sochiapan Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code cte class extiw title iso639 3 cte cte a Tepinapa Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code ctl class extiw title iso639 3 ctl ctl a Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code cuc class extiw title iso639 3 cuc cuc a Usila Chinantec a href https iso639 3 sil org code cvn class extiw title iso639 3 cvn cvn a Valle Nacional ChinantecGlottologchin1484ELPCentral ChinantecThe Chinantecan languages number 9 chartreuse east Contents 1 Internal classification 2 Phonology 3 Grammar 4 Whistled speech 5 Media 6 References 7 External linksInternal classification editEgland and Bartholomew 1978 4 established fourteen Chinantec languages on the basis of 80 mutual intelligibility Ethnologue found that one that had not been adequately compared Tlaltepusco was not distinct but split another Lalana from Tepinapa At a looser criterion of 70 intelligibility Lalana Tepinapa Quiotepec Comaltepec Palantla Valle Nacional and geographically distant Chiltepec Tlacoatzintepec would be languages reducing the count to ten Lealao Chinantec Latani is the most divergent 70 Language 80 intelligibility Distribution Chinantec of Lealao Northeastern Oaxaca San Juan Lealao Latani Tres Arroyos and La Hondura Chinantec of Chiltepec San Jose Chiltepec Oaxaca Chinantec of Tlacoatzintepec Northern Oaxaca Chinantec of Comaltepec Comaltepec Northern Oaxaca Chinantec of Quiotepec Highland Chinantec San Juan Quiotepec and surrounding towns Oaxaca Chinantec of Lalana 25 towns on the border between Oaxaca and Veracruz Chinantec of Tepinapa Northern Oaxaca Choapan District Very remote area Chinantec of Ojitlan Northern Oaxaca and Veracruz municipios of Minatitlan and Hidalgotitlan Chinantec of Ozumacin San Pedro Ozumacin and surrounding towns Oaxaca Chinantec of Palantla San Juan Palantla and surrounding towns Oaxaca Chinantec of Valle Nacional Yetla North Oaxaca Chinantec of Sochiapan Northern Oaxaca Chinantec of Tepetotutla Northern Oaxaca Chinantec of Usila Oaxaca one town in VeracruzPhonology edit nbsp the register tone inventory of Usila Chinantec Chinantecan languages have ballistic syllables apparently a kind of phonation 5 6 7 All Chinantec languages are tonal Some such as Usila Chinantec and Ojitlan Chinantec have five register tones in addition to contour tones with the extreme tones deriving historically from ballistic syllables 8 Grammar editGrammars are published for Sochiapam Chinantec 9 and a grammar and a dictionary of Palantla Tlatepuzco Chinantec 10 11 Example phrase ca dsen jni chi chieh I pulled out the hen from the box 11 The parts of this sentence are ca a prefix which marks the past tense dsen which is the verb stem meaning to pull out an animate object the suffix jni referring to the first person the noun classifier chi and the noun chieh meaning chicken Whistled speech editThe Chinantec people have practiced whistled speech since the pre Columbian era The rhythm and pitch of normal Chinantec speech allow speakers of the language to have entire conversations only by whistling The sound of whistling carries better than shouting across the canyons of mountainous Oaxaca It enables messages to be exchanged over a distance of up to one kilometre 0 62 mi Whistled speech is typically only used by Chinantec men although women also understand it Use of the whistled language is declining as modern technology such as walkie talkies and loudspeakers have made long distance communication easier 12 Media editChinantec language programming is carried by the CDI s radio stations XEOJN broadcasting from San Lucas Ojitlan Oaxaca and XEGLO broadcasting from Guelatao de Juarez Oaxaca nbsp Example of Chinantec in written form from the Biblioteca Cervantina nbsp Example of Chinantec in written form from the Biblioteca CervantinaReferences edit Lenguas indigenas y hablantes de 3 anos y mas 2020 Censo de Poblacion y Vivienda 2020 INEGI Palancar Enrique L 2014 Revisiting the Complexity of the Chinantecan Verb Conjugation Classes In Leonard Jean Leo Kihm Alain eds Patterns in Mesoamerican Morphology pp 77 102 HAL 01100738 Torrens Claudio 2011 05 28 Some NY immigrants cite lack of Spanish as barrier UTSanDiego com Retrieved 2015 03 02 Egland S Bartholomew D 1978 La inteligibilidad inter dialectal en Mexico Resultados de algunos sondeos PDF Mexico D F Instituto Linguistico de Verano Archived from the original PDF on 2021 12 02 Merrifield William Rensch Calvin R eds 1990 Syllables Tone and Verb Paradigms PDF Studies in Chinantec Languages Vol 4 Summer Institute of Linguistics and The University of Texas at Arlington ISBN 0 88312 105 0 LCCN 90 71408 Archived from the original PDF on 2017 12 12 Mugele R L 1982 Tone and Ballistic Syllables in Lalana Chinantec Ph D dissertation Austin University of Texas Rensch Calvin 1978 Ballistic and controlled syllables in Otomanguean Languages In Bell Alan Hooper Joan B eds Syllables and Segments Amsterdam North Holland Publishing Company pp 85 92 Edmondson Jerold A Gregerson Kenneth J 1992 On Five level Tone Systems In Hwang Shin Ja J Merrifield William R eds Language in Context Essays for Robert E Longacre Dallas TX Summer Institute of Linguistics pp 555 576 Foris David Paul 2000 A grammar of Sochiapam Chinantec Studies in Chinantec languages Vol 6 Dallas TX SIL International and The University of Texas at Arlington Merrifield William R 1968 Palantla Chinantec grammar Papeles de la Chinantla 5 Serie Cientifica Vol 9 Mexico Museo Nacional de Antropologia a b Merrifield William R Anderson Alfred E 2007 Diccionario Chinanteco de la diaspora del pueblo antiguo de San Pedro Tlatepuzco Oaxaca PDF Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indigenas Mariano Silva y Aceves Vol 39 2nd ed Mexico DF Summer Linguistic Institute Schachar Natalie 8 September 2017 The decline of Chinantec whistled speech in Mexico Al Jazeera Retrieved 15 July 2019 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chinatecan languages nbsp Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix Proto Chinantec reconstructions The Chinantec language family SIL Mexico Feist Timothy amp Enrique L Palancar 2015 Oto Manguean Inflectional Class Database Tlatepuzco Chinantec University of Surrey doi 10 15126 SMG 28 1 01 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chinantecan languages amp oldid 1213034616, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
