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China Southern Airlines Flight 3456

May 02, 2024

China Southern Airlines Flight 3456 (CZ3456/CSN3456) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport to Shenzhen Huangtian Airport (now Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport). On 8 May 1997, the Boeing 737 performing this route crashed during the second attempt to land in a thunderstorm.[1] The flight number 3456 is still used by China Southern and for the Chongqing-Shenzhen route but now with the Airbus A320 family or Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft.[2]

China Southern Airlines Flight 3456
A China Southern Airlines 737-300, similar to the aircraft involved
Accident
Date8 May 1997 (1997-05-08)
SummaryPilot error aggravated by severe weather
SiteShenzhen Huangtian Airport, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
22°38′25″N 113°48′39″E / 22.6402°N 113.8109°E / 22.6402; 113.8109
Aircraft
Aircraft typeBoeing 737-31B
OperatorChina Southern Airlines
RegistrationB-2925
Flight originChongqing Jiangbei International Airport
DestinationShenzhen Huangtian Airport
Occupants74
Passengers65
Crew9
Fatalities35
Injuries9
Survivors39

Background edit

Aircraft edit

The aircraft was a Boeing 737-31B registered as B-2925 and with serial number 27288. The aircraft was delivered to China Southern on 2 February 1994, and had recorded over 8,500 hours before the crash. The aircraft was powered by 2 CFM International CFM56-3C1 turbofan engines.[1][3][4][5]

Flight crew edit

The captain in command was 45-year-old Lin Yougui (Chinese: 林友贵), he had logged more than 12,700 hours of total flying time, including 9,100 hours as Radio Operator and 3,600 hours as a pilot. The first officer was 36-year-old Kong Dexin (孔德新), he had logged over 15,500 hours of total flying time, of which 11,200 hours as flight engineer and 4,300 hours as a pilot.[1]

Weather edit

The weather reported by Shenzhen Airport from 17:00 of 8 May to 02:00 of 9 May was: "170 degrees wind at 7 m/s (14 kn; 25 km/h; 16 mph) with rain, visibility 6,000 metres (20,000 ft), overcast at 1,500 metres (4,900 ft), variable winds at 15 metres per second (29 kn; 54 km/h; 34 mph), thunderstorm may appear."

At 18:00, on 8 May, a severe weather warning was issued: "report to airports, air traffic controls and airline companies: Thunderstorm with strong winds will appear, all departments including the crew who will be taking off should be notified." At 21:33, the weather recorded was 290 degrees wind at 7 m/s (14 kn; 25 km/h; 16 mph), visibility 2,000 metres (6,600 ft), showers, low clouds at 210 metres (690 ft), cumulonimbus at 1,200 metres (3,900 ft), temperature at 23 °C (73 °F).[1]

Accident edit

On 8 May 1997, Flight 3456 took off from Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport at 19:45 local time (UTC+8), expected to arrive Shenzhen Huangtian Airport at 21:30. At 21:07, the Shenzhen Airport approach controller cleared the flight to the approach of Runway 33. At 21:17, the Tower informed the crew "heavy rain on final, advise when spotting the runway". At 21:18:07, the crew stated they have established ILS approach. At 21:18:53, the crew advised ATC that they spotted the approach lightings, and the controller cleared the aircraft to land. The controller was able to see the landing light of the plane, but it was not clear due to the rain. At 21:19:33, the aircraft touched down on the south of the runway, bounced three times, and damaged the aircraft's nose gear, hydraulic systems and flaps. The crew decided to go around.[6]

The aircraft made a left turn while climbing up to 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). The crew were asked to turn on the transponder to show the ATC their position, but the secondary surveillance radar did not receive any signal from the aircraft, indicating the transponder was off. At 21:23:57, the crew informed the ATC they were on the downwind side, and requested other aircraft to clear off the airspace for Flight 3456's landing. At 21:24:40, the crew declared an emergency and requested to clear the approach again. At the time, the main warning, hydraulic system warning and the gear warning were all triggered in the cockpit. At 21:24:58, the crew asked for a full emergency airfield support. The aircraft then turned around, reporting it would land toward the south, which was approved. At 21:28:30, the aircraft skidded off the runway, broke into three pieces and caught on fire, killing 33 passengers and 2 crew members.[1][7]

Crash site edit

The first landing attempt was toward north. Debris from the nose gear was found scattered near the southern end of the runway, indicating the left front tyre had exploded during the first touch down. Fallouts including rivets, metal sheets, rubber tube and retaining clip could also be found on the runway surface.

The second landing attempt was toward south. A clear surface scratch from the fuselage was found 427 metres (1,401 ft) from the runway threshold. The aircraft disintegrated after rolling approximately 600 metres (2,000 ft) across the runway and burst into flames. The central part of the fuselage and the trailing edge of the right wing received the most severe burning damage. The front section of the fuselage was 12 metres (39 ft) long with nose pointing north, partially damaged, showing rolling and rotating trace but no signs of burning. A large amount of mire was filled in the deformed cockpit. The rear section was relatively intact, and was the only section not destroyed.[1]: 5.2  The left main gear and the right engine were scattered on the left side of the runway.[1]: 2 

Victims edit

On 9 May 1997, News at 6:30, a national news show aired at TVB Jade, provided a casualty list for the accident.[8]

Nationality Passengers Crew Fatalities Total
China 42 9 19 (Including 2 crew) 51
Thailand 21 0 16 21
Taiwan 1 0 0 1
Hong Kong 1 0 0 1
Total 65 9 35 74

Cockpit voice recording edit

External videos
  CVR - China Southern 3456 on YouTube

In June 2007, an audio recording reputed to be the last 12 minutes 27 seconds recorded by the cockpit voice recorder of Flight 3456 was leaked on the Internet. According to an expert from the Civil Aviation Administration of China, the recording is unlikely to be fake.[9]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "China Southern May 8th aircraft accident official report" (in Chinese). Retrieved 2016-05-30.
  2. ^ "China Southern Flight 3456 tracking". Flightaware. Retrieved 2016-05-30.
  3. ^ . airdisaster.com. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 11 Jun 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ^ "B-2925 China Southern Airlines Boeing 737-300". www.planespotters.net. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  5. ^ "China Southern Airlines B-2925 (Boeing 737 - MSN 27288)". www.airfleets.net. Airfleets aviation. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
  6. ^ [South Air's hard black box recording reappears after 11 years] (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Sina. 2008-03-07. Archived from the original on 2008-03-11.
  7. ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-31B B-2925 Shenzhen Airport (SZX)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  8. ^ 無線1997年5月9日深圳黃田機場空難35死 [Wireless, May 9, 1997, Shenzhen Huangtian Airport crashed 35 dead]. YouTube (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
  9. ^ . Archived from the original on March 11, 2008.

External links edit

May 02, 2024
china, southern, airlines, flight, 3456, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, sc. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources China Southern Airlines Flight 3456 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2009 Learn how and when to remove this message China Southern Airlines Flight 3456 CZ3456 CSN3456 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport to Shenzhen Huangtian Airport now Shenzhen Bao an International Airport On 8 May 1997 the Boeing 737 performing this route crashed during the second attempt to land in a thunderstorm 1 The flight number 3456 is still used by China Southern and for the Chongqing Shenzhen route but now with the Airbus A320 family or Boeing 737 Next Generation aircraft 2 China Southern Airlines Flight 3456A China Southern Airlines 737 300 similar to the aircraft involvedAccidentDate8 May 1997 1997 05 08 SummaryPilot error aggravated by severe weatherSiteShenzhen Huangtian Airport Shenzhen Guangdong China 22 38 25 N 113 48 39 E 22 6402 N 113 8109 E 22 6402 113 8109AircraftAircraft typeBoeing 737 31BOperatorChina Southern AirlinesRegistrationB 2925Flight originChongqing Jiangbei International AirportDestinationShenzhen Huangtian AirportOccupants74Passengers65Crew9Fatalities35Injuries9Survivors39 Contents 1 Background 1 1 Aircraft 1 2 Flight crew 1 3 Weather 2 Accident 3 Crash site 4 Victims 5 Cockpit voice recording 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksBackground editAircraft edit The aircraft was a Boeing 737 31B registered as B 2925 and with serial number 27288 The aircraft was delivered to China Southern on 2 February 1994 and had recorded over 8 500 hours before the crash The aircraft was powered by 2 CFM International CFM56 3C1 turbofan engines 1 3 4 5 Flight crew edit The captain in command was 45 year old Lin Yougui Chinese 林友贵 he had logged more than 12 700 hours of total flying time including 9 100 hours as Radio Operator and 3 600 hours as a pilot The first officer was 36 year old Kong Dexin 孔德新 he had logged over 15 500 hours of total flying time of which 11 200 hours as flight engineer and 4 300 hours as a pilot 1 Weather edit The weather reported by Shenzhen Airport from 17 00 of 8 May to 02 00 of 9 May was 170 degrees wind at 7 m s 14 kn 25 km h 16 mph with rain visibility 6 000 metres 20 000 ft overcast at 1 500 metres 4 900 ft variable winds at 15 metres per second 29 kn 54 km h 34 mph thunderstorm may appear At 18 00 on 8 May a severe weather warning was issued report to airports air traffic controls and airline companies Thunderstorm with strong winds will appear all departments including the crew who will be taking off should be notified At 21 33 the weather recorded was 290 degrees wind at 7 m s 14 kn 25 km h 16 mph visibility 2 000 metres 6 600 ft showers low clouds at 210 metres 690 ft cumulonimbus at 1 200 metres 3 900 ft temperature at 23 C 73 F 1 Accident editOn 8 May 1997 Flight 3456 took off from Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport at 19 45 local time UTC 8 expected to arrive Shenzhen Huangtian Airport at 21 30 At 21 07 the Shenzhen Airport approach controller cleared the flight to the approach of Runway 33 At 21 17 the Tower informed the crew heavy rain on final advise when spotting the runway At 21 18 07 the crew stated they have established ILS approach At 21 18 53 the crew advised ATC that they spotted the approach lightings and the controller cleared the aircraft to land The controller was able to see the landing light of the plane but it was not clear due to the rain At 21 19 33 the aircraft touched down on the south of the runway bounced three times and damaged the aircraft s nose gear hydraulic systems and flaps The crew decided to go around 6 The aircraft made a left turn while climbing up to 1 200 metres 3 900 ft The crew were asked to turn on the transponder to show the ATC their position but the secondary surveillance radar did not receive any signal from the aircraft indicating the transponder was off At 21 23 57 the crew informed the ATC they were on the downwind side and requested other aircraft to clear off the airspace for Flight 3456 s landing At 21 24 40 the crew declared an emergency and requested to clear the approach again At the time the main warning hydraulic system warning and the gear warning were all triggered in the cockpit At 21 24 58 the crew asked for a full emergency airfield support The aircraft then turned around reporting it would land toward the south which was approved At 21 28 30 the aircraft skidded off the runway broke into three pieces and caught on fire killing 33 passengers and 2 crew members 1 7 Crash site editThe first landing attempt was toward north Debris from the nose gear was found scattered near the southern end of the runway indicating the left front tyre had exploded during the first touch down Fallouts including rivets metal sheets rubber tube and retaining clip could also be found on the runway surface The second landing attempt was toward south A clear surface scratch from the fuselage was found 427 metres 1 401 ft from the runway threshold The aircraft disintegrated after rolling approximately 600 metres 2 000 ft across the runway and burst into flames The central part of the fuselage and the trailing edge of the right wing received the most severe burning damage The front section of the fuselage was 12 metres 39 ft long with nose pointing north partially damaged showing rolling and rotating trace but no signs of burning A large amount of mire was filled in the deformed cockpit The rear section was relatively intact and was the only section not destroyed 1 5 2 The left main gear and the right engine were scattered on the left side of the runway 1 2 Victims editOn 9 May 1997 News at 6 30 a national news show aired at TVB Jade provided a casualty list for the accident 8 Nationality Passengers Crew Fatalities Total China 42 9 19 Including 2 crew 51 Thailand 21 0 16 21 Taiwan 1 0 0 1 Hong Kong 1 0 0 1 Total 65 9 35 74Cockpit voice recording editExternal videos nbsp CVR China Southern 3456 on YouTube In June 2007 an audio recording reputed to be the last 12 minutes 27 seconds recorded by the cockpit voice recorder of Flight 3456 was leaked on the Internet According to an expert from the Civil Aviation Administration of China the recording is unlikely to be fake 9 Partial cockpit communications translated from Chinese Flight 822 s F O 1 800 meters 5 900 ft CAP Extend the gear APP 822 descend to 1 500 meters 4 900 ft immediately Flight 822 s CAP Clear to descend to 1 500 meters Still have visual contact right now APP There is a plane close to you ahead Flight 822 s CAP Roger CAP Affirmative channel intercepted APP You have no visual in the cloud right 822 Flight 822 s CAP Yes APP CZ308 descend to 1 800 meters 5 900 ft immediately Auto pilot disengaged APP 308 altitude 2 001 meters 6 565 ft is it enough Flight CA1305 s CAP Request to descend due to bad weather APP Negative maintain 1 500 meters F O Three greens for landing gear greens for flaps 25 AoA and air brakes indicators Flight CA1305 s CAP How about 1 400 meters 4 600 ft APP Negative what s your desired heading Flight CA1305 s CAP Heading 150 now I can see the bad weather above the runway F O Watch the altitude CAP OK APP 822 descend to 900 meters 3 000 ft CAP 3456 is establishing the ILS approach F O 3456 is contacting Huangtian tower 1855 goodbye CAP Watch the altitude CAP 3456 established approach Huangtian TWR Affirmative watch the heavy rain CAP Huangtian to 3456 TWR Go ahead CAP Er we are established approach now TWR Watch the heading About 330 wind at 2 m s on the ground CAP Roger F O Course set to 3 CAP 3 TWR Decision altitude is 60 meters 200 ft 3456 Go around if fails to land CAP Affirmative Flight CA1305 s CAP Do you copy Shenzhen Ground TWR Check your bad radio quality CAP Take your time before turning on landing light F O Power ready CAP Power ready F O Heading 1 138 CAP Approach lightings in the front Don t look outside CAP It s raining heavily huh F O Right CAP 3456 approach lightings in sight TWR Land after checking About 330 wind at 2 m s 3 9 kn 7 2 km h 4 5 mph on the ground now CAP OK F O Decision altitude We are landing Runway lights in sight cough CAP Roger CAP Release the rain repellent later FE OK I pushed the button for you right now CAP Glide Slope indicates it is too low F O Glide Slope indicates it is too low GPWS warning GLIDE SLOPE F O Watch your speed Watch your speed CAP It s alright to be a little bit higher F O Turn left a little bit CAP No don t decrease the power so fast CAP Hold hold on hold on 1st and 2nd ground contacts CAP Go around Increase Increase the power CAP Increase the power Go around 3rd ground contact EFIS Master Warning configuration damage CAP Increase the power CAP Flaps 15 F O 15 CAP I can t feel any weight from the yoke FE What CAP The yoke is lost control F O It s climbing CAP Gear up FE It s broken F O Failed to gear up FE Speed meter fails too F O cough CAP Don t don t climb too fast Take it down a little bit F O All for nothing huh CAP Gears failed right FE Failed CAP Don t hurry don t hurry don t hurry FE The rain is so intense I can t see the ground CAP Climb Climb Climb Climb a little bit A little bit F O The light is off pushing the button is useless FE The yoke is out of control TWR Huangtian to CZ3456 F O The warnings keeps ringing CAP It s just a ringing speaker clear the warnings EFIS hydraulic system alarm CAP Climb to altitude 1 200 meters 3 900 ft now F O Ok F O The yoke is so light FE The yoke lost control CAP Don t climb so fast Don t climb so fast CAP CZ3456 go around TWR Huangtian to 3456 CAP 3456 go around TWR Is this 3456 CAP Er Excuse me TWR Is this 3456 CAP This is 3456 F O We can just turn around to land TWR Can you turn on the transponder I can t see you F O How about turning around to land towards the reverse direction CAP Not right now it s raining heavily Climb to 1 200 meters 3 900 ft first F O It It s raining heavily right CAP Check my position 3456 TWR You haven t turn on the transponder yet identify yourself CAP I m identifying TWR How about the weather there CAP Power supply is working properly right now F O Turn right now CAP Where to turn FE Turn right F O How about turning left FE It s bad weather on left side F O No problem TWR Report your position CAP I just went past Shatian Road ready to turn left Check my position using your radar TWR I don t have you on my radar report your position F O We are now turning left into downwind leg TWR Keep in downwind planes on short final F O Tell him to go ground it s not working on my side TWR What is your altitude right now CAP Maintaining altitude 1 200 meters 3 900 ft TWR Maintaining altitude 1 200 meters right CAP Right APP Shenzhen Ground to 3456 CAP Yes 3456 APP Give me your position 3456 CAP I am turning to downwind leg right now notify other planes to avoid APP Negative there s a plane 14 kilometers 8 7 mi 7 6 nmi away from touchdown point at the altitude of 600 meters 2 000 ft F O Tell them we would make a forced landing we declare a emergency Emergency CAP We declare a emergency Clear them off F O Huh the brake still works FE Change to 111 3 F O Which 111 3 FE ILS frequency F O Okay TWR Huangtian to 3456 CAP Go ahead TWR Thunders from the south watch the weather GPWS warning WIND SHEAR CAP Notify other plane to avoid us we declare an emergency My plane is warning clear other planes off TWR I notified them already Are you on the downwind leg CAP Yes we are on the downwind leg TWR What s your DME CAP DME shows 6 nmi 6 9 mi 11 km now F O Change the frequency to 111 3 right FE Yes F O Turning around to land towards the reverse direction and we can get down if the weather changes for the better CAP Isn t it raining heavily right now CAP Ah there s the runway F O Do we need to choose another brake FE Do we need one more circle of hovering CAP Er 3456 to Huangtian clear off the other plane We declare an emergency TWR I ve already notified them to clear off F O I think we lost control Landing gear warning F O Request firefighters and ambulances when returned CAP Er Request firefighters and ambulances when landed TWR Affirmative I notified them already I ve already notified all the planes to clear off Cleared to land nomally CAP Affirmative I will turn around again to land toward toward the south TWR Land toward the south CAP Give me my position TWR What is your position 3456 I can t see you Where are you CAP Altitude 1 200 I am F O Watch the altitude of plane CAP Er I guess I am turning left North of airport turning left CAP Stop descending Don t descend TWR I clear off other plane to avoid you CAP Affirmative TWR What s your landing direction right now It s calm wind on the ground CAP Er Report the wind speed for me TWR It s calm wind on the ground CAP Er Affirmative The CVR got several seconds of damaged recording CAP I bet the gears are not in good condition Pay more attention F O OK Flaps warning F O Have all the planes already cleaned off CAP Don t Don t turn this on TWR There is no plane left cleared to land both runways are clear F O I don t know our position CAP Watch the navigation station TWR Other plane turn right forward hurry up CAP In position F O Is that the runway FE I see the runway CAP Keep your eyes on the runway F O I can see the runway FE Saw it F O We are landing CAP Okay TWR Huangtian to 3456 CAP Go ahead TWR Clear to land runway 3 or 4 runway 15 CAP Roger runway in sight prepare to land TWR It s cloudy on the south heavy rain on final CAP Roger I am going to land TWR What is your position now CAP I am turning on final CP Is everything all right CAP Not good Prepare for the emergency evacuation when landed at worst CP Alright anything else CAP No Only one minute till landing F O Watch the speed and the altitude CAP Hold the throttle F O Pay attention F O Are we too high It s the end of the runway F O It s too high pull back the throttle GPWS warning SINK RATE PULL UP F O Hold on CAP Pull up Pull up F O Sink rate is too high CAP Pull up Pull up Pull up F O Sink rate is too high Sound of impact End of recording after 15 seconds See also edit nbsp China portal nbsp Aviation portal nbsp 1990s portal List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft Garuda Indonesia Flight 200 Delta Airlines Flight 191 Flydubai Flight 981 Aeroflot Flight 1492 an accident in which the airplane also bounced off twice upon landing Pakistan International Airlines Flight 8303References edit a b c d e f g China Southern May 8th aircraft accident official report in Chinese Retrieved 2016 05 30 China Southern Flight 3456 tracking Flightaware Retrieved 2016 05 30 Flight 3456 info on airdisaster com airdisaster com Archived from the original on 24 May 2013 Retrieved 11 Jun 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link B 2925 China Southern Airlines Boeing 737 300 www planespotters net Retrieved 2020 06 13 China Southern Airlines B 2925 Boeing 737 MSN 27288 www airfleets net Airfleets aviation Retrieved 2020 06 13 南航空難黑盒錄音11年後重現 South Air s hard black box recording reappears after 11 years in Chinese Hong Kong Sina 2008 03 07 Archived from the original on 2008 03 11 Ranter Harro ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737 31B B 2925 Shenzhen Airport SZX aviation safety net Retrieved 2018 10 02 無線1997年5月9日深圳黃田機場空難35死 Wireless May 9 1997 Shenzhen Huangtian Airport crashed 35 dead YouTube in Chinese Hong Kong Archived from the original on 2021 12 21 CAAC It doesn t seem false Archived from the original on March 11 2008 External links editAccident photo usurped Archive usurped Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title China Southern Airlines Flight 3456 amp oldid 1219612489, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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