China Airlines Flight 605 (callsign "Dynasty 605") was a daily non-stop flight departing from Taipei at 6:30 a.m. and arriving at Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong at 7:00 a.m. local time. On November 4, 1993, the plane went off the runway while landing during a storm.[1] It was the first hull loss of a Boeing 747-400.[2][3]
China Airlines Flight 605
B-165 after its tail was removed soon after the accident
The aircraft involved was a almost-new Boeing 747-400 registered as B-165. It was only five months old at the time of the accident, having been built in June 1993. The aircraft was powered by four Pratt & Whitney PW4056 turbofan engines and had only 1,969 flight hours with 359 takeoff and landing cycles at the time of the accident.[3]: 11–17 [4][5]
The 47-year-old captain had previously served with the Republic of China Air Force and joined China Airlines in 1984. He started flying the 747 (the older -200 variant) in 1988 and was upgraded to a captain of the 747-400 in 1990. At the time of the accident, the captain had logged a total of 12,469 flight hours, including 3,559 hours on the Boeing 747. The 37-year-old first officer joined the airline in 1992, having previously served with the Republic of China Army. He had 5,705 hours, though only 953 of them were on the Boeing 747.[3]: 8–9
Accident
Flight 605 touched down more than 2,100 feet (640 m) past the runway's displaced threshold, at a speed of 150 knots (280 km/h; 170 mph), following an IGS runway 13 approach. Tropical Storm Ira was generating 20-knot (37 km/h; 23 mph) crosswinds on that runway, gusting to 38 knots (70 km/h; 44 mph), from a heading of 070 degrees.[2][6]
Track of Tropical Storm Ira
The pilots received several computer-generated wind shear and glide slope deviation warnings, and observed severe airspeed fluctuations, during the last mile before touchdown. The captain, who was the pilot flying, disconnected the auto-pilot and began flying the plane manually. He also disconnected the auto-throttle as he was dissatisfied with its performance. After the aircraft landed, the First Officer took control of the plane and attempted to keep the aircraft on the centerline. However, his inputs were too severe and the Captain was forced to aid him. Meanwhile, the Captain inadvertently increased engine power rather than activating the thrust reversers. The auto brakes were set at only the number two level and then were turned off seconds after touchdown due to the increase in power. The speedbrakes were extended briefly, but then retracted, also due to the power increase. This caused the plane to "float", making the brakes ineffective until the speed brakes were extended again. When the First Officer finally noticed that the auto-brakes were disarmed and the thrust reversers had not deployed, the captain immediately applied manual braking and thrust reversal.
The captain deliberately turned the plane to the left when he realized the plane would overrun the runway and hit the approach lighting system (ALS) for runway 31. That action caused a "ground loop", making the plane slide off the left side of the runway into Victoria Harbour. The plane came to rest in shallow water, with a heading of almost 180 degrees out from the direction of runway 13.
A British Airways pilot had refused to make the approach to Kai Tak runway 13 minutes before the CAL 605 captain decided to attempt it.
The investigation indicated that the accident was caused by the captain's failure to initiate the mandatory missed approach procedure when he observed the severe airspeed fluctuations, combined with the wind shear and glide slope deviation alerts. The first officer was also found to not have enough experience to handle the aircraft while landing in crosswind conditions. China Airlines was also criticized for not having a clear crosswind landing procedure in their manuals to aid pilots. The investigation recommended that the airline revise its manuals and flight training.
Aftermath
Immediately after the aircraft came to rest in the water, crew members ensured that all passengers donned life jackets and evacuated onto eight of the ten main deck emergency exits. These exits (as on all 747s) are equipped with inflatable evacuation slide/rafts for ditching emergencies. The passenger cabin remained completely above water during the evacuation, although eventually sinking tail-first. Additional damage to the nose and first-class cabin was noted. There were 23 minor injuries among passengers and crew.
The aircraft photographed a few days after the accident
The plane was written off as a total hull loss. Since the plane's vertical stabilizer interfered with the accuracy of the instrument landing system signals for runway 31 – which allowed aircraft to make safe ILS approaches whenever the wind patterns mandated the use of runway 31 (the reciprocal direction of runway 13) – the vertical stabilizer was removed with dynamite shortly after the crash.[7] The China Airlines lettering and the Chinese characters were removed, as was part of the livery on the fuselage, to conceal the identity of the aircraft as belonging to China Airlines. After the accident, the aircraft was stored near the HAECO building for use in firefighting practice.[citation needed]
China Airlines still continued to use the flight number 605 on its Taipei-Hong Kong routes until 2015. As of November 2021, the flight numbers serving the said route are 903, 641, 909, 915, 919, 923, 921 and 601, flown on a mixed fleet of Boeing 747, Airbus A330, Airbus A350, and Boeing 737 aircraft, and currently operates out of Chek Lap Kok airport.
^"293 Rescued in Hong Kong After Jet Lands in the Water". New York Times. Associated Press. November 4, 1993. ISSN 0362-4331.
^ abRanter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-409 B-165 Hong Kong-Kai Tak International Airport (HKG)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2020-05-18.
^ abc(PDF). Hong Kong: Civil Aviation Department. August 1995. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-07. Retrieved 2020-05-18. - Entry from the HKU Library
^"B-165 China Airlines Boeing 747-400". www.planespotters.net. Retrieved 2020-05-18.
Aircraft Accident Report 1/95 Report on the accident to Boeing 747-409B B-165 at Hong Kong International Airport on 4 November 1993 () - Civil Aviation Department (Hong Kong)
Transcript of the CAL605 Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) — includes brief overview, 3m24s of cockpit dialog prior to "splash," photo of aircraft in final position.
February 12, 2023
china, airlines, flight, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, 20. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources China Airlines Flight 605 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message China Airlines Flight 605 callsign Dynasty 605 was a daily non stop flight departing from Taipei at 6 30 a m and arriving at Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong at 7 00 a m local time On November 4 1993 the plane went off the runway while landing during a storm 1 It was the first hull loss of a Boeing 747 400 2 3 China Airlines Flight 605B 165 after its tail was removed soon after the accidentAccidentDate4 November 1993SummaryRunway overrun due to unstable approach caused by pilot errorSiteKai Tak Airport Hong Kong22 19 06 N 114 11 51 E 22 3183 N 114 1976 E 22 3183 114 1976 Coordinates 22 19 06 N 114 11 51 E 22 3183 N 114 1976 E 22 3183 114 1976AircraftAircraft typeBoeing 747 409OperatorChina AirlinesIATA flight No CI605ICAO flight No CAL605Call signDYNASTY 605RegistrationB 165Flight originChiang Kai shek International Airport Taipei TaiwanDestinationKai Tak Airport Hong KongOccupants396Passengers374Crew22Fatalities0Injuries23Survivors396A Boeing 747 400 similar to the one involved Contents 1 Aircraft and crew 2 Accident 3 Aftermath 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksAircraft and crew EditThe aircraft involved was a almost new Boeing 747 400 registered as B 165 It was only five months old at the time of the accident having been built in June 1993 The aircraft was powered by four Pratt amp Whitney PW4056 turbofan engines and had only 1 969 flight hours with 359 takeoff and landing cycles at the time of the accident 3 11 17 4 5 The 47 year old captain had previously served with the Republic of China Air Force and joined China Airlines in 1984 He started flying the 747 the older 200 variant in 1988 and was upgraded to a captain of the 747 400 in 1990 At the time of the accident the captain had logged a total of 12 469 flight hours including 3 559 hours on the Boeing 747 The 37 year old first officer joined the airline in 1992 having previously served with the Republic of China Army He had 5 705 hours though only 953 of them were on the Boeing 747 3 8 9 Accident EditFlight 605 touched down more than 2 100 feet 640 m past the runway s displaced threshold at a speed of 150 knots 280 km h 170 mph following an IGS runway 13 approach Tropical Storm Ira was generating 20 knot 37 km h 23 mph crosswinds on that runway gusting to 38 knots 70 km h 44 mph from a heading of 070 degrees 2 6 Track of Tropical Storm Ira The pilots received several computer generated wind shear and glide slope deviation warnings and observed severe airspeed fluctuations during the last mile before touchdown The captain who was the pilot flying disconnected the auto pilot and began flying the plane manually He also disconnected the auto throttle as he was dissatisfied with its performance After the aircraft landed the First Officer took control of the plane and attempted to keep the aircraft on the centerline However his inputs were too severe and the Captain was forced to aid him Meanwhile the Captain inadvertently increased engine power rather than activating the thrust reversers The auto brakes were set at only the number two level and then were turned off seconds after touchdown due to the increase in power The speedbrakes were extended briefly but then retracted also due to the power increase This caused the plane to float making the brakes ineffective until the speed brakes were extended again When the First Officer finally noticed that the auto brakes were disarmed and the thrust reversers had not deployed the captain immediately applied manual braking and thrust reversal The captain deliberately turned the plane to the left when he realized the plane would overrun the runway and hit the approach lighting system ALS for runway 31 That action caused a ground loop making the plane slide off the left side of the runway into Victoria Harbour The plane came to rest in shallow water with a heading of almost 180 degrees out from the direction of runway 13 A British Airways pilot had refused to make the approach to Kai Tak runway 13 minutes before the CAL 605 captain decided to attempt it The investigation indicated that the accident was caused by the captain s failure to initiate the mandatory missed approach procedure when he observed the severe airspeed fluctuations combined with the wind shear and glide slope deviation alerts The first officer was also found to not have enough experience to handle the aircraft while landing in crosswind conditions China Airlines was also criticized for not having a clear crosswind landing procedure in their manuals to aid pilots The investigation recommended that the airline revise its manuals and flight training Aftermath EditImmediately after the aircraft came to rest in the water crew members ensured that all passengers donned life jackets and evacuated onto eight of the ten main deck emergency exits These exits as on all 747s are equipped with inflatable evacuation slide rafts for ditching emergencies The passenger cabin remained completely above water during the evacuation although eventually sinking tail first Additional damage to the nose and first class cabin was noted There were 23 minor injuries among passengers and crew The aircraft photographed a few days after the accident The plane was written off as a total hull loss Since the plane s vertical stabilizer interfered with the accuracy of the instrument landing system signals for runway 31 which allowed aircraft to make safe ILS approaches whenever the wind patterns mandated the use of runway 31 the reciprocal direction of runway 13 the vertical stabilizer was removed with dynamite shortly after the crash 7 The China Airlines lettering and the Chinese characters were removed as was part of the livery on the fuselage to conceal the identity of the aircraft as belonging to China Airlines After the accident the aircraft was stored near the HAECO building for use in firefighting practice citation needed China Airlines still continued to use the flight number 605 on its Taipei Hong Kong routes until 2015 As of November 2021 the flight numbers serving the said route are 903 641 909 915 919 923 921 and 601 flown on a mixed fleet of Boeing 747 Airbus A330 Airbus A350 and Boeing 737 aircraft and currently operates out of Chek Lap Kok airport See also EditTAM Airlines Flight 3054 Air France Flight 358 American Airlines Flight 1420 American Airlines Flight 331 Lion Air Flight 538 Lion Air Flight 904 Southwest Airlines Flight 1248References Edit 293 Rescued in Hong Kong After Jet Lands in the Water New York Times Associated Press November 4 1993 ISSN 0362 4331 a b Ranter Harro ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747 409 B 165 Hong Kong Kai Tak International Airport HKG aviation safety net Aviation Safety Network Retrieved 2020 05 18 a b c Aircraft Accident Report 1 95 Report on the accident to Boeing 747 409B B 165 at Hong Kong International Airport on 4 November 1993 PDF Hong Kong Civil Aviation Department August 1995 Archived from the original PDF on 2012 11 07 Retrieved 2020 05 18 Entry from the HKU Library B 165 China Airlines Boeing 747 400 www planespotters net Retrieved 2020 05 18 China Airlines B 165 Boeing 747 MSN 24313 www airfleets net Airfleets aviation Retrieved 2020 05 18 香港天文台警告及信號資料庫 Hong Kong Observatory Warning and Signal Database www hko gov hk in Chinese Retrieved 2020 05 18 Today in Aviation History November 4th NYCAviation 2014 11 04 Retrieved 2020 05 18 External links EditAccident description at the Aviation Safety Network Aircraft Accident Report 1 95 Report on the accident to Boeing 747 409B B 165 at Hong Kong International Airport on 4 November 1993 Archive Civil Aviation Department Hong Kong Transcript of the CAL605 Cockpit Voice Recorder CVR includes brief overview 3m24s of cockpit dialog prior to splash photo of aircraft in final position Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title China Airlines Flight 605 amp oldid 1136729850, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
