Chicago Board of Education
The Chicago Board of Education serves as the board of education (school board) for the Chicago Public Schools.
| Established | 1837 (as "Chicago Board of School Inspectors") |
|---|---|
| Type | Board of education |
| Jianan Shi | |
Vice-president | Elizabeth Todd-Breland |
The board traces its origins to the Board of School Inspectors, created in 1837.
The board is currently appointed solely by the mayor of Chicago. Between 2024 and 2027, the board is slated to transition to consist entirely of elected members.[1][2]
History edit
Board of School Inspectors (1837–1857) edit
On May 12, 1837, the Chicago Common Council (as the Chicago City Council was called at the time) used their powers as ex-officio commissioners of schools to appoint the first Board of School Inspectors, the city's school board.[3] Despite the existence of this board, the Common Council however had ultimate power of acting as the de facto school board in the early decades under 1839 legislation.[3] The Common Council initially held the authority to the members of the Board of School Inspectors.[3] Ultimately, the mayor would gain the power to appoint the members with city council approval.[3]
In 1855, the authority to remove the superintendent of Chicago Public Schools was given to the Board of School Inspectors by the same ordinance which created the city's first high school.[3]
Board of education edit
In 1857, the school board was renamed the Chicago Board of Education under the passage of a new school charter by the Illinois General Assembly, which also increased its membership from seven to fifteen and gave the mayor of Chicago authority to appoint board members.[4][5]
In a charter passed by the Illinois General Assembly on February 13, 1863, the Chicago Board of Education was granted exclusive power over operating the city's schools.[3] Greater administrative control was given to the board in 1865, when the General Assembly amended the 1863 charter, including moving control over the school fund, which had previously belonged to the Common Council[3]
The Cities and Villages Act of 1872 made further clear the relationship between the roles of the Common Council and the Chicago Board of Education, strengthening the power of the Chicago Board of Education.[3]
The board expanded ultimately to 21 members, before being reduced by the 1917 Otis Bill to eleven members.[3][6] The term of office was increased by the Otis bill from three years to five.[3]
In 1988, the state government enacted the Chicago School Reform Act, which expanded the Chicago Board of Education's size to fifteen seats.[5] The Act also created a School Board Nominating Commission consisting 23 parents and community members and five members appointed by the Mayor of Chicago who would recommend nominees to the Mayor.[5]
In 1995, the state government enacted the Chicago School Reform Amendatory Act, which returned the power to appoint members of the board back to the Mayor of Chicago.[5][7] The Act also temporarily retitled the board as the "Reform Board of Trustees" from 1995 until July 1, 1999, after which period the name "Chicago Board of Education" was restored.[7][8]
Elected school board (2025 onwards) edit
On July 29, 2021, governor J. B. Pritzker signed into law HB 2908, legislation that will make it so that, by 2027, the Board of Education will consist entirely of elected members.[2][9][10] The legislation will also expand the size of the board to 21 members (including the president).[11]
Per the legislation, in a November 2024 election, ten elected members will be elected from ten geographic districts to four-year terms that will begin in January 2025.[12] From January 2025 through January 2027, these elected members will serve alongside 11 members (including the board's president) appointed by the mayor, subject to the approval of the Chicago City Council.[12][1][13] With the exception of the president, each of the appointed members will hail from a different one of the ten electoral districts used for the 2024 Board of Education election.[12] The 2024 election will be the first time in Chicago's history that the city will hold a school board election.[14] Per the legislation, in 2026, the number of electoral districts will be increased to twenty, and an election will be held for the Board of education members from the ten new districts without incumbents.[12] The members elected in this election will serve four-year terms beginning in January 2027.[12][15] Resultantly, beginning in January 2027, each geographic district will be represented by a single elected member.[13] Also in 2026, the board's president will be elected at-large to a four-year term.[12][15] The legislation dictates that the convention of having twenty members from geographic districts plus a board president elected at-large will remain place thereafter.[1]
The Board of education will see members from ten of its geographic districts up for election every two-years.[13] The electoral districts that will be used for Board of Education elections will have their boundaries drawn by Illinois General Assembly.[1][13] With its 21 members, Chicago's Board of Education will become the largest school board among major cities in the United States by number of members.[14] Under the new law, newly elected members take office on January 15.[13] If vacancies arise on the Board of Education, the remainder of the vacant seat's unexpired term will be filled by a mayoral appointee, with appointees being subject to the approval of the Chicago City Council.[13]
Current members edit
The following table lists the members of the current board (as of July 2023):[16][17]
| Name | Year appointed | Mayor appointed by |
|---|---|---|
| Jianan Shi (president) | 2023 | Brandon Johnson |
| Elizabeth Todd-Breland (vice-president) | 2022 | Lori Lightfoot |
| Mariela Estrada | 2023 | Brandon Johnson |
| Mary Fahey Hughes | 2023 | Brandon Johnson |
| Rudy Lozano Jr. | 2023 | Brandon Johnson |
| Michelle Morales | 2023 | Brandon Johnson |
| Tanya D. Woods | 2023 | Brandon Johnson |
President of the Chicago Board of Education edit
The Chicago Board of Education is led by a president.[18] The current President of the Chicago Board of Education is Jianan Shi, who was formerly the president of the parent advocacy group Raise Your Hand Illinois.[16][17]
Since the 1995 Chicago School Reform Amendatory Act went into effect, the president has been directly appointed by the mayor of Chicago, rather than being elected among the members of the board.[19]
Beginning with the 2026 Chicago Board of Education elections, after which the Board of Education is slated to become an entirely-elected board, the president will be elected at-large.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e Tareen, Sophia (30 July 2021). "Gov. Pritzker signs elected Chicago school board measure". ABC7 Chicago. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ a b Bauer, Kelly (30 July 2021). "Chicago Is Getting An Elected School Board As Pritzker Signs Bill Lightfoot Had Fought". Block Club Chicago. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tarvardian, Arthur Norman (1992). "Battle Over the Chicago Schools: The Superintendency of William Mcandrew". Loyola University Chicago. pp. 1, 13–16, 18–20, 22–23, 30–31, 40, 50–51, 220. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ History of Chicago, Illinois. v.2. Chicago and New York City: Munsell & co. p. 89.
- ^ a b c d "History of Chicago Public Schools". Chicago Reporter. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ Bukowski, Douglas (22 September 1988). "THE SCHOOLS: `GOOD OLD DAYS` WERE BAD, TOO". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
- ^ a b "HB2793 98TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY". www.ilga.gov. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ "About Chicago Board of Education". www.cpsboe.org. Chicago Board of Education. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ^ Petrella, Dan; Pratt, Gregory; Swartz, Tracy (29 July 2021). "Chicago will get elected school board after Illinois governor signs long-sought measure over opposition from Mayor Lori Lightfoot". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ "Gov. Pritzker Signs Legislation Establishing an Elected Chicago School Board". www.illinois.gov. Office of the Governor of Illinois. 29 July 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ Quic, A.D. (29 July 2021). "Fully elected school board becomes law in Chicago". Crain's Chicago Business. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Masterson, Matt (29 July 2021). "Elected School Board Officially Coming to Chicago After Pritzker Signs Bill". WTTW News. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f "Illinois General Assembly - Full Text of Public Act 102-0177". ilga.gov. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ a b Smylie, Samantha (30 July 2021). "Chicago will have the largest elected school board of any major U.S. city". Chalkbeat Chicago. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ a b Smylie, Samantha (1 June 2021). "Illinois Senate passes bill for an elected school board in Chicago". Chalkbeat Chicago. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
- ^ a b "Board bios - Chicago Board of Education". www.cpsboe.org. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
- ^ a b Koumpilova, Mila (2023-07-05). "Meet the new members of the Chicago Board of Education". Chalkbeat Chicago. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
- ^ Thometz, Kristen (3 June 2019). "Mayor Lightfoot Appoints New Chicago School Board". WTTW News. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ "A Brief History of the Chicago School Board - CODE Chicago - Communities Organized for Democracy in Education". www.codechicago.org. Retrieved 31 July 2021.