Chibi, Hubei
Chibi (Chinese: 赤壁; pinyin: Chìbì) is a county-level city in southeastern Hubei province, China. Neighboring Wuhan in the north and Yueyang in the south, Chibi is called the "South Gate of Hubei". It is under the administration of Xianning prefecture-level city. Chibi was called Puqi (蒲圻; Púqí) until 11 June 1998, when the State Council approved its renaming to "Chibi" since it was the site of the famous Battle of Chibi that took place in the winter of 208/9 CE.[2]
Chibi 赤壁市 | |
|---|---|
Engravings on a cliffside near Chibi City | |
Chibi Location in Hubei | |
| Coordinates: 29°43′N 113°54′E / 29.717°N 113.900°ECoordinates: 29°43′N 113°54′E / 29.717°N 113.900°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| Prefecture-level city | Xianning |
| Area | |
| • County-level city | 1,723 km2 (665 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 51.20 km2 (19.77 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 67 m (221 ft) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
| • County-level city | 478,410 |
| • Density | 280/km2 (720/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 252,600 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 437300 |
| Website | www |
Chibi has an area of 1,723 square kilometres (665 sq mi)[3] and a population of 506,509 as of 2006.[4]
Population
In 1908, the entire county had a population of 185,004. In 1911, there were 42,455 families. In 1931, the county had 44,724 families and population of 181,640. In 1953, after the first national population census, the county had 50,746 families and population of 182,801. In 1964, the second national population census, the county had 58,055 families and population of 248,391. From 1961 to 1970, it is the second peak of population growth, after the third national population census, the county had 75,560 families and population of 387,789, when the birth rate was 18.24%, mortality rate was 6.69% and growth rate was 11.7%.
In 1982 when the third national census, the county 385,662 Han Chinese people, 99.45% of the total population, 2131 minority, 0.55% of the total population, of which 1929 Hui people, 51 Miao people, 49 Dong people, 21 Tujia people, 30 Zhuang people, 21 Manchu people, 6 Buyi people, 4 Tibetans, 3 Mongolians, 3 Yao people, 2 Uyghur and 2 Korean.[5]
Administrative divisions
The administrative division of Chibi starts from the Song dynasty. From the Song dynasty to the Yuan dynasty, it named as township. In the Ming dynasty, it divided as a capital system. From the Qing dynasty to 1932, it changed to a township and group system. After 1949, the government of Chibi set up a district office as the county agency, managing several townships and communes. In 1975, it dismantled the district into a township and restored in 1984.
Chibi has jurisdiction over ten towns, a township, three subdistricts, an agriculture zone, three state-owned agriculture, forestry, tea, 152 village committees and 1,682 village groups.[6][7][8]
Three subdistricts:
- Puqi Subdistrict (蒲圻街道), Chimagang Subdistrict (赤马港街道), Lushuihu Subdistrict (陆水湖街道)
Ten towns:
- Xindian (新店镇), Zhaoliqiao (赵李桥镇), Cha'anling (茶庵岭镇), Chebu (车埠镇), Chibi Town (赤壁镇) (or 周郎嘴回族镇[9]), Liushanhu (柳山湖镇), Shenshan (神山镇), Zhonghuopu (中伙铺镇), Guantangyi (官塘驿镇), Huanggaihu[citation needed] (黄盖湖镇)
The only township is Yujiaqiao Township (余家桥乡)
Other areas:
- Pufang Industrial Park (蒲纺工业园), Guantangyi Forestry (官塘驿林场), Yangloudong Tea Plantation (羊楼洞茶场), Canghu Development Area (沧湖开发区), Chibi Economic Development Area (赤壁市经济开发区)
Climate
| Climate data for Chibi (1981−2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 24.6 (76.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 34.4 (93.9) | 36.0 (96.8) | 36.6 (97.9) | 38.6 (101.5) | 41.2 (106.2) | 41.3 (106.3) | 39.2 (102.6) | 36.2 (97.2) | 32.7 (90.9) | 25.7 (78.3) | 41.3 (106.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) | 11.3 (52.3) | 15.7 (60.3) | 22.5 (72.5) | 27.4 (81.3) | 30.4 (86.7) | 33.7 (92.7) | 33.0 (91.4) | 28.7 (83.7) | 23.4 (74.1) | 17.7 (63.9) | 11.8 (53.2) | 22.0 (71.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) | 7.0 (44.6) | 11.1 (52.0) | 17.5 (63.5) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.0 (78.8) | 29.4 (84.9) | 28.4 (83.1) | 24.0 (75.2) | 18.4 (65.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 6.9 (44.4) | 17.4 (63.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) | 3.9 (39.0) | 7.6 (45.7) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.6 (65.5) | 22.6 (72.7) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.0 (77.0) | 20.6 (69.1) | 14.8 (58.6) | 8.8 (47.8) | 3.4 (38.1) | 13.9 (57.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) | −7.5 (18.5) | −3.0 (26.6) | 3.1 (37.6) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.6 (54.7) | 18.8 (65.8) | 16.8 (62.2) | 11.7 (53.1) | 2.8 (37.0) | −1.9 (28.6) | −10.0 (14.0) | −10.0 (14.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 69.6 (2.74) | 88.9 (3.50) | 129.4 (5.09) | 191.2 (7.53) | 200.6 (7.90) | 230.3 (9.07) | 223.6 (8.80) | 158.8 (6.25) | 87.6 (3.45) | 97.4 (3.83) | 79.6 (3.13) | 43.6 (1.72) | 1,600.6 (63.01) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 78 | 80 | 76 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 77 | 79 |
| Source: China Meteorological Data Service Center[10] | |||||||||||||
Historic sites
Yangloudong (羊楼洞), an old center of tea production and trade, is located in Zhaoliqiao town near Hubei's border with Hunan, some 26 kilometres (16 mi) southwest of downtown Chibi.[11]
References
- ^ a b Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 66. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- ^ "The engagement at the Red Cliffs took place in the winter of the 13th year of Jian'an, probably about the end of 208."(de Crespigny 1990:264)
- ^ "Geography of Chibi" (in Chinese). Chibi People's Government. 11 October 2007. Retrieved 14 July 2008.
- ^ "Democraphics of Chibi" (in Chinese). Chibi People's Government. 11 October 2010. Retrieved 14 July 2008.
- ^ "Populations and Ethics". Retrieved 31 October 2010.
- ^ 行政区划 [Administrative Divisions] (in Chinese). Chibi Radio and Television (赤壁广播电视台). 31 October 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
现辖9个镇、1个乡、3个办事处、1个农业开发区、3个国有农、林、茶、场，152个村民委员会，1682个村民小组。
- ^ 2016年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：赤壁市 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
统计用区划代码 名称 421281001000 蒲圻街道办事处 421281002000 赤马港街道办事处 421281003000 陆水湖街道办事处 421281100000 新店镇 421281101000 赵李桥镇 421281102000 茶庵岭镇 421281103000 车埠镇 421281104000 赤壁镇 421281105000 柳山湖镇 421281106000 神山镇 421281107000 中伙铺镇 421281108000 官塘驿镇 421281109000 黄盖湖镇 421281200000 余家桥乡 421281400000 蒲纺工业园 421281401000 官塘驿林场 421281402000 羊楼洞茶场 421281403000 沧湖开发区 421281404000 赤壁市经济开发区
- ^ "2016年湖北行政区划调整" (in Chinese). 湖北省民政厅. 6 January 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
湖北省行政区划一览表 (资料截止2016年底) 行政单位 合计 街道办事处 镇 乡 {...} 赤壁市 14 3 10 1
- ^ 2005年7月12日,湖北省民政厅《关于赤壁市设立周郎嘴回族镇的批复》(鄂民政发[2005]47号)
- ^ 中国地面气候标准值月值(1981-2010) (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Data Service Center. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ Li Baihao; Zhu Jianhua; Huang Li; Guo Jian (2005), "One cultural route span the Millenary: Chinese Tea Road", (PDF), Xi'an, p. 4, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2012, retrieved 20 July 2010
Works cited
- de Crespigny, Rafe (1990). Generals of the South: the foundation and early history of the Three Kingdoms state of Wu. Faculty of Asian Studies monographs. Vol. 16. Acton, Australian Capital Territory: Australian National University. ISBN 9780731509010.
External links
- 中华人民共和国行政区划（1998年） (in Chinese)