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Charlton-on-Otmoor

January 01, 1970

Charlton-on-Otmoor is a village and civil parish about 9 miles (14 km) NE of Oxford and 6 miles (10 km) SW of Bicester in Oxfordshire, England. The village, one of the seven "towns" of Otmoor, is on the northern edge of the moor on a ridge of Cornbrash. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 449.[1]

Charlton-on-Otmoor
St Mary the Virgin parish church
Charlton-on-Otmoor
Location within Oxfordshire
Area3.31 km2 (1.28 sq mi)
Population449 (2011 Census)
• Density136/km2 (350/sq mi)
OS grid referenceSP5615
Civil parish
  • Charlton-on-Otmoor
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townKidlington
Postcode districtOX5
Dialling code01865
PoliceThames Valley
FireOxfordshire
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
WebsiteCharlton on Otmoor Parish Council
List of places
UK
England
Oxfordshire
51°50′24″N 1°11′02″W / 51.840°N 1.184°W / 51.840; -1.184

Toponym edit

The Domesday Book of 1086 records the place-name as Cerlentone. The chronicler Orderic Vitalis recorded that in 1081 it was spelt Cherlentona or Charlentone. In about 1190 a charter of Thame Abbey recorded it as Cherlenton and a charter of Sandford Preceptory recorded it as Cherleton'.[2]

A Close Roll from 1245 records the name as Cherlton. The Hundred Rolls of 1278–79 record it as Cherleton' super Ottemor'. Assize rolls from 1285 variously record it as Cherlintone, Cheriltone, Chereltone and Chureltone.[2]

An entry in the Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem for 1314 records it as Cherleton upon Ottemour and a Close Roll from 1315 records it as Cherleton on Ottemore. A Close Roll from 1336 records it as Charlynton. A deed from 1351 records it as Charleton. A feudal aid document from 1428 records it as Chorlton.[2]

The name is derived from Old English and means "tūn of the ceorls".[2]

Church and chapels edit

Church of England edit

Charlton had a parish church by the 11th century.[3] The present Church of England parish church of Saint Mary the Virgin was a 13th-century Early English Gothic building but there were substantial Decorated Gothic alterations in the 14th century. The east window is slightly later, in the transitional style from Decorated to Perpendicular Gothic. Around the beginning of the 16th century the clerestory and a new roof were added to the nave, and a new window was added to the south aisle.[4]

 
Garlanded rood on 16th-century screen in St Mary the Virgin parish church
 
13th-century shaft cross in St Mary's churchyard

In the early 16th century the present rood screen and rood loft (for a crucifix between the chancel and nave) were added to the church. During the English Reformation Edward VI's injunctions of 1547 instructed that rood screens and lofts be removed from all churches in England and Wales. Charlton's screen and loft survived these injunctions, and in the 20th century the critic Jennifer Sherwood judged them "the finest and most complete in the county".[5]

A tradition of garlanding the rood cross with flowers and box greenery on May Day and carrying it in procession around the parish also survived the Reformation and continues in modern times.[3]

In 1846 the Gothic Revival architect GE Street re-roofed the church and restored the north wall. In 1889 the rood screen and loft were restored.[3] St Mary's has never been over-restored, and its Decorated and Perpendicular mediaeval character has survived almost intact.

By 1553 the bell tower had five bells[3] plus a Sanctus bell, but all have since been recast or replaced.[6] Richard Keene, whose foundries included one at Woodstock,[7] cast the two largest bells in 1681.[8] Thomas Lester of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry[7] cast another bell in 1746[8] and Matthew II Bagley of Chacombe, Northamptonshire cast another in 1755. The then treble bell broke in 1789[6] but John Warner and Sons of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry recast it that same year.[8] In the 19th century the Bagley bell survived for a long time with a fracture, but in 1895 its tongue and head fell out.[6] Mears and Stainbank of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry replaced or recast the broken bell in 1898.[8] In 1998 the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast a new treble bell,[8] making the 1789 bell the second bell and increasing the tower to a ring of six bells. In 1999 the new bell was hung and the old bells re-hung as a project for the village to celebrate the Millennium.[6] John Warner and Sons cast the present Sanctus bell in 1793.[8]

St Mary's church clock is of unknown date but appears to be late 17th century.[9] Two of the wheels of the going train are characteristic of the work of the clockmaker and bellfounder Edward Hemins of Bicester, which would make them an early-18th-century alteration.[9]

St Mary's is now part of the Church of England Benefice of the Ray Valley.[10]

Baptist and Methodist chapels edit

Charlton-on-Otmoor had a Baptist meeting house by 1810 and a chapel in 1835. The village also had a Methodist congregation by 1829 and a chapel in 1840. The Methodist chapel had ceased to be used by the end of the 19th century and was sold to the rector in 1920 for use as a club room.[3] The Baptist chapel closed around 2010 and was later sold and converted to a residential property.

Amenities edit

 
"Tchure" is a common Midlands dialect word for an alley.[11] The Tchure in Charlton-on-Otmoor is an old alleyway that is now a bridleway. Oxfordshire has identically named alleys in Deddington and Upper Heyford.

Primary school edit

The enclosure of 1858 set aside land for the building of a school and in 1866 Charlton Parochial School and a master's house were built, mostly at the expense of the rector. The number of pupils grew and a second classroom was added in 1892. It was reorganised as a junior school in 1937 and became a voluntary controlled school in 1951.[3] It is now Charlton-on-Otmoor Church of England Primary School with over 100 children attending the school and pre-school.[12]

Public houses edit

The George and Dragon was where locals formed the Otmoor Association in 1830, leading to the Otmoor Riots in opposition to plans to drain and enclose Otmoor. The rioters achieved their aim, and the villagers continued to farm a four-field open field system. A later attempt at enclosure in 1858 was successful.[3] The Crown continues to trade.

Local groups edit

The Otmoor branch of the WI meets monthly at Charlton-on-Otmoor Community Hall.[13]

Transport edit

Bus edit

 
Charlton Services bus on route 94 at its terminus outside Balliol College, Oxford

The first regular bus service on Otmoor was started in the 1920s and after a change of ownership in the 1950s was renamed Charlton Services.[14] The company continues to provide Charlton-on-Otmoor and neighbouring villages with a service to Oxford via Islip.[15]

Phyllis Maycock (1922–2005) was a bus conductor with Charlton Services for 49 years, retiring in December 1992.[16] In the 1994 New Year Honours, Maycock was made an MBE "For services to the Bus Industry".[17] Also in 1994, Maycock starred in an episode of This Is Your Life.[16]

Railway edit

The Buckinghamshire Railway between Bletchley and Oxford passes through Charlton parish and was completed in 1851. The London and North Western Railway took it over in 1879 and opened Charlton Halt, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the village, in 1905. The 1923 Grouping made the L&NWR part of the new London, Midland and Scottish Railway, which closed Charlton Halt in 1926. The LMS was nationalised as part of British Railways in 1948, which ended passenger services in 1967 and reduced the line to single track.

Oxfordshire County Council arranged for British Rail to reopen the line in 1987 and Islip station in 1988. From 2014 to 2016 Network Rail rebuilt the railway as a 100 mph (160 km/h) main line linked to the Chiltern Main Line by a junction at Bicester. The nearest railway station is Islip, 3 miles (5 km) from Charlton. It is served by Chiltern Railways with direct trains to London Marylebone via Bicester Village and Oxford via Oxford Parkway.

References edit

  1. ^ "Charlton-on-Otmoor Parish". nomis. Durham University for the Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d Gelling 1953, p. 205.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Lobel 1959, pp. 80–92.
  4. ^ Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, pp. 529–530.
  5. ^ Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 530.
  6. ^ a b c d . Oxford Diocesan Guild of Church Bell Ringers, Bicester Branch. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  7. ^ a b Baldwin, Sid (7 September 2011). "Bell Founders". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Baldwin, John (10 March 2005). "Charlton on Otmoor S Mary V". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  9. ^ a b Beeson & Simcock 1989, pp. 33–34.
  10. ^ "Churches". Ray Valley Benefice. Retrieved 28 September 2020.[permanent dead link]
  11. ^ Baggs et al. 1983, pp. 81–120.
  12. ^ Charlton-on-Otmoor CE Primary School 11 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Otmoor". Oxfordshire Federation of Women's Institutes. 13 February 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  14. ^ . Vehicle Operator Licensing. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  15. ^ . Bus Times. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  16. ^ a b "Phyllis Maycock". Oxford Mail. Newsquest Oxfordshire. 7 January 2005. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  17. ^ "M.B.E." The London Gazette (Supplement). No. 53527. 30 December 1993. p. 21.

Sources and further reading edit

January 01, 1970
charlton, otmoor, village, civil, parish, about, miles, oxford, miles, bicester, oxfordshire, england, village, seven, towns, otmoor, northern, edge, moor, ridge, cornbrash, 2011, census, recorded, parish, population, mary, virgin, parish, churchlocation, with. Charlton on Otmoor is a village and civil parish about 9 miles 14 km NE of Oxford and 6 miles 10 km SW of Bicester in Oxfordshire England The village one of the seven towns of Otmoor is on the northern edge of the moor on a ridge of Cornbrash The 2011 Census recorded the parish s population as 449 1 Charlton on OtmoorSt Mary the Virgin parish churchCharlton on OtmoorLocation within OxfordshireArea3 31 km2 1 28 sq mi Population449 2011 Census Density136 km2 350 sq mi OS grid referenceSP5615Civil parishCharlton on OtmoorDistrictCherwellShire countyOxfordshireRegionSouth EastCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townKidlingtonPostcode districtOX5Dialling code01865PoliceThames ValleyFireOxfordshireAmbulanceSouth CentralUK ParliamentHenleyWebsiteCharlton on Otmoor Parish CouncilList of places UK England Oxfordshire 51 50 24 N 1 11 02 W 51 840 N 1 184 W 51 840 1 184 Contents 1 Toponym 2 Church and chapels 2 1 Church of England 2 2 Baptist and Methodist chapels 3 Amenities 3 1 Primary school 3 2 Public houses 3 3 Local groups 4 Transport 4 1 Bus 4 2 Railway 5 References 6 Sources and further readingToponym editThe Domesday Book of 1086 records the place name as Cerlentone The chronicler Orderic Vitalis recorded that in 1081 it was spelt Cherlentona or Charlentone In about 1190 a charter of Thame Abbey recorded it as Cherlenton and a charter of Sandford Preceptory recorded it as Cherleton 2 A Close Roll from 1245 records the name as Cherlton The Hundred Rolls of 1278 79 record it as Cherleton super Ottemor Assize rolls from 1285 variously record it as Cherlintone Cheriltone Chereltone and Chureltone 2 An entry in the Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem for 1314 records it as Cherleton upon Ottemour and a Close Roll from 1315 records it as Cherleton on Ottemore A Close Roll from 1336 records it as Charlynton A deed from 1351 records it as Charleton A feudal aid document from 1428 records it as Chorlton 2 The name is derived from Old English and means tun of the ceorls 2 Church and chapels editChurch of England edit Charlton had a parish church by the 11th century 3 The present Church of England parish church of Saint Mary the Virgin was a 13th century Early English Gothic building but there were substantial Decorated Gothic alterations in the 14th century The east window is slightly later in the transitional style from Decorated to Perpendicular Gothic Around the beginning of the 16th century the clerestory and a new roof were added to the nave and a new window was added to the south aisle 4 nbsp Garlanded rood on 16th century screen in St Mary the Virgin parish church nbsp 13th century shaft cross in St Mary s churchyard In the early 16th century the present rood screen and rood loft for a crucifix between the chancel and nave were added to the church During the English Reformation Edward VI s injunctions of 1547 instructed that rood screens and lofts be removed from all churches in England and Wales Charlton s screen and loft survived these injunctions and in the 20th century the critic Jennifer Sherwood judged them the finest and most complete in the county 5 A tradition of garlanding the rood cross with flowers and box greenery on May Day and carrying it in procession around the parish also survived the Reformation and continues in modern times 3 In 1846 the Gothic Revival architect GE Street re roofed the church and restored the north wall In 1889 the rood screen and loft were restored 3 St Mary s has never been over restored and its Decorated and Perpendicular mediaeval character has survived almost intact By 1553 the bell tower had five bells 3 plus a Sanctus bell but all have since been recast or replaced 6 Richard Keene whose foundries included one at Woodstock 7 cast the two largest bells in 1681 8 Thomas Lester of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry 7 cast another bell in 1746 8 and Matthew II Bagley of Chacombe Northamptonshire cast another in 1755 The then treble bell broke in 1789 6 but John Warner and Sons of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry recast it that same year 8 In the 19th century the Bagley bell survived for a long time with a fracture but in 1895 its tongue and head fell out 6 Mears and Stainbank of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry replaced or recast the broken bell in 1898 8 In 1998 the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast a new treble bell 8 making the 1789 bell the second bell and increasing the tower to a ring of six bells In 1999 the new bell was hung and the old bells re hung as a project for the village to celebrate the Millennium 6 John Warner and Sons cast the present Sanctus bell in 1793 8 St Mary s church clock is of unknown date but appears to be late 17th century 9 Two of the wheels of the going train are characteristic of the work of the clockmaker and bellfounder Edward Hemins of Bicester which would make them an early 18th century alteration 9 St Mary s is now part of the Church of England Benefice of the Ray Valley 10 Baptist and Methodist chapels edit Charlton on Otmoor had a Baptist meeting house by 1810 and a chapel in 1835 The village also had a Methodist congregation by 1829 and a chapel in 1840 The Methodist chapel had ceased to be used by the end of the 19th century and was sold to the rector in 1920 for use as a club room 3 The Baptist chapel closed around 2010 and was later sold and converted to a residential property Amenities edit nbsp Tchure is a common Midlands dialect word for an alley 11 The Tchure in Charlton on Otmoor is an old alleyway that is now a bridleway Oxfordshire has identically named alleys in Deddington and Upper Heyford Primary school edit The enclosure of 1858 set aside land for the building of a school and in 1866 Charlton Parochial School and a master s house were built mostly at the expense of the rector The number of pupils grew and a second classroom was added in 1892 It was reorganised as a junior school in 1937 and became a voluntary controlled school in 1951 3 It is now Charlton on Otmoor Church of England Primary School with over 100 children attending the school and pre school 12 Public houses edit The George and Dragon was where locals formed the Otmoor Association in 1830 leading to the Otmoor Riots in opposition to plans to drain and enclose Otmoor The rioters achieved their aim and the villagers continued to farm a four field open field system A later attempt at enclosure in 1858 was successful 3 The Crown continues to trade Local groups edit The Otmoor branch of the WI meets monthly at Charlton on Otmoor Community Hall 13 Transport editBus edit nbsp Charlton Services bus on route 94 at its terminus outside Balliol College OxfordThe first regular bus service on Otmoor was started in the 1920s and after a change of ownership in the 1950s was renamed Charlton Services 14 The company continues to provide Charlton on Otmoor and neighbouring villages with a service to Oxford via Islip 15 Phyllis Maycock 1922 2005 was a bus conductor with Charlton Services for 49 years retiring in December 1992 16 In the 1994 New Year Honours Maycock was made an MBE For services to the Bus Industry 17 Also in 1994 Maycock starred in an episode of This Is Your Life 16 Railway edit The Buckinghamshire Railway between Bletchley and Oxford passes through Charlton parish and was completed in 1851 The London and North Western Railway took it over in 1879 and opened Charlton Halt 1 mile 1 6 km north of the village in 1905 The 1923 Grouping made the L amp NWR part of the new London Midland and Scottish Railway which closed Charlton Halt in 1926 The LMS was nationalised as part of British Railways in 1948 which ended passenger services in 1967 and reduced the line to single track Oxfordshire County Council arranged for British Rail to reopen the line in 1987 and Islip station in 1988 From 2014 to 2016 Network Rail rebuilt the railway as a 100 mph 160 km h main line linked to the Chiltern Main Line by a junction at Bicester The nearest railway station is Islip 3 miles 5 km from Charlton It is served by Chiltern Railways with direct trains to London Marylebone via Bicester Village and Oxford via Oxford Parkway References edit Charlton on Otmoor Parish nomis Durham University for the Office for National Statistics Retrieved 28 September 2020 a b c d Gelling 1953 p 205 a b c d e f g Lobel 1959 pp 80 92 Sherwood amp Pevsner 1974 pp 529 530 Sherwood amp Pevsner 1974 p 530 a b c d Charlton on Otmoor Oxford Diocesan Guild of Church Bell Ringers Bicester Branch Archived from the original on 13 August 2011 Retrieved 9 September 2011 a b Baldwin Sid 7 September 2011 Bell Founders Dove s Guide for Church Bell Ringers Central Council of Church Bell Ringers Retrieved 9 September 2011 a b c d e f Baldwin John 10 March 2005 Charlton on Otmoor S Mary V Dove s Guide for Church Bell Ringers Central Council of Church Bell Ringers Retrieved 9 September 2011 a b Beeson amp Simcock 1989 pp 33 34 Churches Ray Valley Benefice Retrieved 28 September 2020 permanent dead link Baggs et al 1983 pp 81 120 Charlton on Otmoor CE Primary School Archived 11 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine Otmoor Oxfordshire Federation of Women s Institutes 13 February 2020 Retrieved 28 September 2020 Charlton on Otmoor Services Ltd Vehicle Operator Licensing Archived from the original on 22 March 2019 Retrieved 22 March 2019 94 Oxford Islip Ambrosden Bus Times Archived from the original on 22 March 2019 Retrieved 28 September 2020 a b Phyllis Maycock Oxford Mail Newsquest Oxfordshire 7 January 2005 Retrieved 12 November 2021 M B E The London Gazette Supplement No 53527 30 December 1993 p 21 Sources and further reading editBeeson CFC Simcock AV 1989 1962 Clockmaking in Oxfordshire 1400 1850 3rd ed Oxford Museum of the History of Science pp 33 34 ISBN 0 903364 06 9 Baggs AP Colvin Christina Colvin HM Cooper Janet Day CJ Selwyn Nesta Tomkinson A 1983 Deddington In Crossley Alan ed A History of the County of Oxford Victoria County History Vol 11 Wootton Hundred northern part London Oxford University Press for the Institute of Historical Research ISBN 978 0 19722 758 9 Gelling Margaret 1953 Smith AH ed The Place Names of Oxfordshire Part I Vol XXIII based on material collected by Doris Mary Stenton Cambridge Cambridge University Press for the English Place Name Society p 205 Jackson Christine 2008 Thomas Garth Rector of Charlton on Otmoor 1615 1643 Rake or Reformer PDF Oxoniensia LXXIII Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society 45 58 ISSN 0308 5562 Lobel Mary D ed 1959 Charlton on Otmoor A History of the County of Oxford Victoria County History Vol 6 Ploughley Hundred London Oxford University Press for the Institute of Historical Research pp 80 92 Sherwood Jennifer Pevsner Nikolaus 1974 Oxfordshire The Buildings of England Harmondsworth Penguin Books pp 529 530 ISBN 0 14 071045 0 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Charlton on Otmoor amp oldid 1211613877, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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