Charles MacCarthy, 1st Viscount Muskerry

Sir Charles MacCarthy, 1st Viscount of Muskerry (died 1641), also called Cormac Oge, especially in Irish, was from a family of Irish chieftains who were the Lords of Muskerry, related to the Old English through maternal lines. He became the 17th Lord of Muskerry upon his father's death in 1616. He acquired a noble title under English law, becoming 1st Viscount Muskerry and 1st Baron Blarney under letters patent. He sat in the House of Lords in both Irish parliaments of King Charles I. He opposed Strafford, the king's viceroy in Ireland, and in 1641 contributed to his demise by submitting grievances to the king in London. Muskerry died during this mission and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Charles MacCarthy
Viscount Muskerry
Tenure	1628–1641
Predecessor	Cormac, 16th Lord of Muskerry
Successor	Donough, 1st Earl of Clancarty
Born	c. 1570
Died	20 February 1641 London
Buried	Westminster Abbey
Spouse(s)	1. Margaret O'Brien 2. Ellen Roche
Issue Detail	Donough & others
Father	Cormac, 16th Lord of Muskerry
Mother	Mary Butler

Birth and origins

Family tree

Charles MacCarthy with his two wives, his parents, and other selected relatives.^[a] Dermot 13th Lord 1501–1570 Theobald 1st Baron Cahir d. 1596 Donogh O'Brien 4th Earl d. 1624 Cormac MacDermot 16th Lord 1552–1616 Mary Butler David Roche 7th Viscount Fermoy 1573–1635 Margaret O'Brien m. 1590 Charles 1st Viscount d. 1641 Ellen Roche Donal MacCarthy Reagh Kilbrittain Donough 1st Earl Clancarty 1594–1665 Eleanor Butler 1612–1682 Charles Kilbrittain Eleanor MacCarthy m. 1636 Charles Viscount Muskerry** c. 1633 – 1665 d.v.p.* Callaghan 3rd Earl c. 1638 – 1676 Justin Viscount Mountcashel c. 1643 – 1694 Legend XXX Subject of the article XXX Lords & Viscounts Muskerry, & Earls of Clancarty XXX Barons Cahir XXX Earls of Thomond XXX Viscounts Fermoy *d.v.p. = predeceased his father (decessit vita patris) **courtesy title

Charles, also called Cormac, was probably born in the 1570s in County Cork, southern Ireland.^[b] Living in a bilingual context,^[9] he had two names, Charles in English and Cormac in Irish. He was the eldest son of Cormac MacDermot MacCarthy and his wife Mary Butler.^[10] As his father's name also was Cormac, he was distinguished as "Cormac oge", the younger,^[c] whereas his father usually included the patronymic "MacDermot" (son of Dermot) in his name. MacDermot (Charles's father) was the 16th Lord of Muskerry.^[d] MacDermot had conformed to the established religion, in other words: become a Protestant, by adhering to the Church of Ireland.^[23] Charles's father's family were the MacCarthys of Muskerry,^[24] a Gaelic Irish dynasty that had branched from the MacCarthy-Mor line in the 14th century^[25][26][27] when a younger son received Muskerry as appanage.^[28]

Charles's mother was the second daughter of Theobald Butler, 1st Baron Cahir.^[29][30] His mother's family was a cadet branch of the Butler Dynasty. The Butlers were Old English and descended from Theobald Walter, who had been appointed chief butler of Ireland by King Henry II in 1177.^[31] Charles was one of four siblings.^[32] see the list in his father's article.

MacCarthy seems to have been a protestant in his youth but later became Catholic.^[15][33][e]

First marriage and children

MacCarthy married Margaret O'Brien in about 1590.^[36][39] She was a daughter of Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond, a protestant.^[40] Her family, the O'Briens, were another Gaelic Irish dynasty, descending, in her case, from Brian Boru, a medieval high king of Ireland.^[41]

Charles and Margaret had two sons:

1. Cormac, disabled,^[12] died young^[42] predeceasing his father^[43]
2. Donough (1594–1665), 1st earl of Clancarty and 2nd viscount of Muskerry^[44]

—and five daughters (in an unordered list as their birth order is poorly known):^[f]

• Julia, also called Sheela (d. 1633), married Sir Valentine Browne, 1st Baronet of Molahiffe, County Kerry, as his 2nd wife^[49]
• Mary, the 2nd daughter, married 1st Sir Valentine Browne, 2nd Baronet of Molahiffe,^[50][47] and had Valentine Browne, 1st Viscount Kenmare as son^[51]
• Elena, married John Power^[52] and was ancestress of Frances Power, who married Richard Trench and was mother of William Trench, 1st Earl of Clancarty of the 2nd creation^[53][54]
• Eleanor, married in 1636 Charles MacCarthy Reagh,^[55][56] son of Donal MacCarthy Reagh;^[57] they had three sons: Finin, Donal, Donogh,^[58] and a daughter, Ellen, who married John de Courcy, 21st Baron Kingsale^[59][60]
• Helen, the 5th daughter, married Colonel Edmund Fitzmaurice, eldest son of the second marriage of Thomas Fitzmaurice, 18th Baron Kerry^[61]

Tyrone's Rebellion

MacDermot (MacCarthy's father) fought in Tyrone's Rebellion, also called the Nine Years' War, which lasted from 1593 to 1603. He sided with the English and fought the Spanish during the Siege of Kinsale in 1601.^[62] Most of MacCarthy's life fell into the subsequent period of almost 40 years of peace in southern Ireland from the Treaty of Mellifont,^[63] which ended the Nine Years' War, to the Irish Rebellion of 1641.^[64][65]

Lord and Viscount

In 1616 MacCarthy succeeded his father as the 17th Lord of Muskerry.^[66][67] Lord Deputy Oliver St John knighted him in 1620.^[68][69] In 1628 Charles I, King of Ireland, England, and Scotland, created him Baron Blarney and Viscount Muskerry. The titles were probably bought.^[70] They had a special remainder^[71] that designated his second son Donough as successor, excluding his eldest son Cormac, who was alive at the time but disabled.^[12]

This is the first creation of the title Muskerry. The title would become extinct with the attainder of the 4th earl in 1691^[72] but be resurrected in the 2nd creation as Baron Muskerry in favour of Robert Tilson Deane, 1st Baron Muskerry in 1781.^[73]

Parliament of 1634–1635

Muskerry, as he was now, sat in the House of Lords during the two Irish parliaments of King Charles I.^[74][75][76] The Irish Parliament of 1634–1635 was opened on 14 July 1634^[77][78] by the new Lord Deputy of Ireland, Thomas Wentworth^[79] (the future Lord Strafford), who had taken office in July 1633.^[80] Muskerry took his seat immediately at the opening.^[74] Wentworth dissolved parliament on 18 April 1635.^[81]

Second marriage

When his first wife died, Muskerry remarried in or after 1636 to Ellen Roche, eldest daughter of David Roche, 7th Viscount Fermoy,^[82] a zealous Catholic.^[83][84] It was also her second marriage. She was the widow of Donal MacCarthy Reagh of Kilbrittain,^[85][86] Prince of Carbery in the Gaelic tradition, with whom she had had a son called Charles MacCarthy Reagh of Kilbrittain, who had in 1636 before his father's death,^[87][88][89] married Eleanor, one of Muskerry's daughters from his first marriage.^[90][55] Muskerry thus married the mother of one of his sons-in-law.^[g]

Muskerry was a Catholic during his later life.^[33] He probably converted after the death of his first wife,^[15] whose father had been a protestant.^[40]

Parliament of 1640–1649

The Irish Parliament of 1640–1649^[h] was opened on 16 March 1640 by Christopher Wandesford, whom Strafford, as Wentworth was now called, had appointed lord deputy after he himself had been promoted lord lieutenant.^[97][98] Strafford arrived two days later.^[97] In its first session the parliament unanimously voted four subsidies of £45,000^[99] (about £8,500,000 in 2021^[100]) to raise an Irish army of 9000^[101] for use by the King against the Scots in the Second Bishops' War. While attending parliament, Muskerry probably stayed at his new townhouse built about that time on Dublin's College Green.^[102]

On 3 April 1640 Strafford left Ireland.^[103] Wandesford stood in for him. The Commons formed a commission of grievances that gathered evidence for Strafford's abuse of power. They sent a delegation to Westminster where they submitted the grievances to the King. This delegation included Muskerry's son Donough.^[104]

Unlike the Commons, the Lords had not acted on grievances during the third parliamentary session, but afterwards some of them decided to send Lords Muskerry, Gormanston, Dillon, and Kilmallock to London to submit their grievances to the King.^[75][76] Parliament met again on 26 January 1641.^[105] Lord Deputy Wandesford had died on 3 December 1640,^[106] and the Irish government devolved to Lords Justices, first Robert Dillon and Parsons,^[107] but in February 1641 Borlase replaced Roscommon.^[108]

The House of Lords recognised its members who had gone to London as constituting one of its committees^[109] and excused their absence.^[110] On 18 February 1641 the lords' grievances were written up in 18 articles. The lords complained that Strafford had overtaxed them.^[111]

Death and timeline

Muskerry died on 20 February 1641 in London during his parliamentary mission.^[112] He was buried in Westminster Abbey.^[i] Muskerry was succeeded by his second son Donough. As the ailing elder brother had died some time before,^[43] the title's special remainder did not need to be invoked.^[71] His widow married Thomas, 4th son of Thomas Fitzmaurice, 18th Baron Kerry.^[122]

Timeline
As his birth date is uncertain, so are all his ages. Italics for historical background.
Age	Date	Event
0	1564	Born according to O'Hart.^[67]
0	About 1570	Born^[b]
19–20	About 1590	Married Margaret O'Brien^[36]
23–24	1594	Son Donough born^[37]
30–31	22 Sep 1601	The Spanish landed at Kinsale^[123]
32–33	24 Mar 1603	Accession of King James I, succeeding Queen Elizabeth I^[124]
32–33	30 Mar 1603	The Treaty of Mellifont ended Tyrone's Rebellion.^[63]
44–45	2 Jul 1615	Oliver St John, appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland^[125]
45–46	23 Feb 1616	Succeeded his father as 17th Lord of Muskerry^[66]
54–55	27 Mar 1625	Accession of King Charles I, succeeding King James I^[126]
57–58	15 Nov 1628	Created Baron Blarney and Viscount Muskerry^[71]
61–62	12 Jan 1632	Thomas Wentworth, later Earl of Stafford, appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland^[127]
65–66	1636	2nd wife's 1st husband, Donal MacCarthy Reagh of Kilbrittain, died.^[128]
70–71	20 Feb 1641	Died in London^[120]^[121]

Notes and references

Notes

1. This family tree is based on a two graphic trees^[1][2] and on written genealogies of the Earls of Clancarty,^[3][4] the MacCarthy of Muskerry family,^[5] the Earls of Thomond,^[6][7] and the Earls of Ormond.^[8] Also see the list of children in the text.
2. Burke (1866) and Cokayne (1893) mention Charles in their genealogies but omit his birth date.^[129][29] Cronnelly (1865) and O'Hart (1892) give 1564,^{[130][67][131]} but also state that his father was born in 1552,^{[132][133][134]} which would mean his father was only 12 years older. The entry for Charles MacCarty in the Alumni Oxonienses tells us that this student was 14 on 2 February 1602, meaning that he was most likely born in 1587,^[35] too late to marry in about 1590^[36] and to have a son in 1594.^[37]
3. There are many Cormacs in MacCarthy's near family, his father (Cormac MacDermot),^[11] he himself (Cormac Oge), his eldest (disabled) son,^[12] and his grandson.^[13] He carried the generational suffix "oge",^[14] (or "óg";^[15] cf. Irish óg, young, or "óige", younger).^[16][17] Many examples for the use of og, óg, oge, or óge can be given in this sense and context.^[18][17] The form with the final e seems to be rarer but occurs in the names Henry O'Neill, Hugh Oge O'Neill, Hugh Oge MacMahon, John Óge Burke, John Óge Lynch, Richard Óge Martyn and William Óge Martyn. With progressive anglicisation at least two of these Cormacs were also called Charles: he himself^[19] and his eldest grandson.^[20][21]
4. According to an alternative regnal numbering scheme, MacCarthy's father was numbered the 17th Lord of Muskerry.^[22]
5. According to O'Hart, Charles MacDermot MacCarthy (Donough's father) studied at Oxford University.^[34] Indeed, a Charles MacCarty matriculated on 2 February 1602, aged 14, at Broadgates Hall, a precursor of Pembroke College.^[35] However, this date and age make his birth year 1587 or 1588, too late to marry in 1590^[36] and have a son in 1594.^[37] Whoever this student was, he must have been a Protestant as Catholics were not accepted at Oxford University in his time.^[38]
6. Burke (1866)^[45] and Lainé (1836)^[46] each list only three sisters. Lodge (1789) indicates that Mary is the 2nd daughter^[47] and mentions a fifth, Helen, but omits the name of the mother. Helen could be from his father's second marriage.^[48]
7. Cokayne (1936) and Ohlmeyer (2004) propose 1599 or earlier for the date of Muskerry's 2nd marriage.^[91][92] This date is too near (26 years) to his father-in-law's birth in 1573:^[93] not enough time for his father-in-law to grow up, marry, have a daughter who marries and has a son who marries Muskerry's daughter Eleanor, then becomes a widow, and marries Muskerry as her 2nd husband.
8. Also called the "Parliament of 1639–1648"^[94] as its start date and end date are both affected by the shift in the start of the year from 25 March to 1 January in the calendar reform of 1750. The opening date, the 16 March 1640, was still in 1639 according to the Old Style (O.S.) calendar, in force in Great Britain and Ireland at the time. Similarly, the end date, the 30th of January 1649 (the execution of Charles I),^[95] was still in 1648 according to O.S.^[96]
9. Sources agree that the 1st Viscount Muskerry died in London and was buried in Westminster Abbey.^[113] Cokayne states that he died on 20 February 1640^[114] and was buried on 27 May.^[115] The Abbey's registers record the burial of Viscount Musgrove from Ireland on 27 May 1640.^[116] This Musgrove has been identified with Muskerry.^[117] The deformation is not too far-fetched as his name has also been deformed to Musgrave.^[118] However, parliamentary records show that his son and heir Donough MacCarty served as MP in the Irish House of Commons in March 1640.^[119] Muskerry must have been alive and one of the Lords at that time. Cokayne must be wrong. Muskerry died later than February 1640.^[120][121]

Citations

1. Moody, Martin & Byrne 1984, p. 156. "MacCarthys of Muskerry ..."
2. Butler 1925, p. 255, Note 8The following rough pedigree ...
3. Burke 1866, p. 344Genealogy of the earls of Clancarty
4. Cokayne 1913, pp. 214–217Genealogy of the earls of Clancarty
5. Lainé 1836, pp. 74–78Genealogy of the MacCarthy of Muskerry family
6. Burke 1866, p. 406Genealogy of the earls of Thomond
7. Cokayne 1896, p. 392Genealogy of the earls of Thomond
8. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 1548–1552Genealogy of the earls of Ormond
9. Ó Cuív 1976, p. 529. "Although at the beginning of the seventeenth century Irish had not lost its dominant position, there is no doubt that the confiscations and plantations that accompanied the Elizabethan conquest left the way open for the spread of English."
10. O'Hart 1892, p. 123, right column, line 16. "123. Cormac Mór, lord of Muscry ... born, A.D. 1552; married to Maria Butler."
11. Wills 1840, p. 171. "Among these was Cormack M'Dermond M'Carthy, lord of Muskerry ..."
12. Cokayne 1893, p. 425, footnote. "Donogh was the 2nd son, but his elder br. [brother], Cormac, is said to have d. [died] young, tho' he might be living (possibly an idiot) at this time."
13. Carte 1851b, p. 305. "... had sent over a regiment under his [Donough's] eldest son Cormac MacCarty, then a youth but thirteen years old, who continued to serve abroad until the restoration."
14. Cokayne 1913, p. 214, line 18. "Donogh MacCarty, 2nd but 1st surv. s. [surviving son] and h. [heir] of Cormac Oge ..."
15. Lenihan 2008, p. 70. "... the reversion of Cormac MacDermod MacCarthy's son Cormac Óg (1st Viscount Muskerry) to Catholicism ..."
16. MacMathúna & Ó Corrain 1995, p. 174. "Óg adj (in names): Séamas Óg; James Junior [...] óg adj. young; junior"
17. Matheson 1901, p. 12. "... a distinction is made as 'Shawn Og—'Young John.' "
18. Coghlan, Grehan & Joyce 1989, p. 41, line 3. "There were so many Barrys that, to distinguish one from the other, they were known as Barry Mór (the Senior), Barry Óg (the Young) ..."
19. McCarthy 1913, p. 70, line 7. "He [the 1st Viscount] had previously [before becoming Viscount] been known as 'Sir Charles MacCarthy'."
20. Firth 1903, p. 71, line 1. "... lieutenant-colonel was Charles (or Cormac) MacCarty, eldest son of Lord Muskerry. Muskerry commanded an Irish regiment in French service which ... formed part of the garrison of Condé."
21. Chester 1876, p. 162. "1662 June 19 The Right Hon. Charles, Viscount Muskerry: in the same [North] aisle near the Earl of Marlborough."
22. Lainé 1836, pp. 72–79.
23. McCarthy 1913, p. 66. "Cormac MacDermott, 16th Lord, born in 1552, attended Parliament in 1578 as "Baron of Blarney", and conformed to the Protestant church."
24. Gibson 1861, p. 84, line 9. "There were at this time four distinct chieftainships of the Mac Carthys; the Mac Carthys Mor, or lords of Desmond, and their off-shoots, namely, the Mac Carthys Reagh of Carbery, the Donough Mac Carthys of Duhallow, and the Mac Carthys of Muskerry."
25. O'Hart 1892, p. 122, left column. "116. Dermod Mór: son of Cormac Mór, Prince of Desmond; b. 1310; created by the English in A.D. 1353, 'Lord of Muskerry' ..."
26. O'Hart 1892, p. 112, right column. "115. Cormac MacCarthy Mór, Prince of Desmond: his son; b. 1271; d. 1359."
27. O'Hart 1892, p. 122, top. "Cormac MacCarty Mor, Prince of Desmond (see the MacCarty Mór Stem, No. 115,) had a second son, Dermod Mór, of Muscry (now Muskerry) who was the ancestor of MacCarthy, lords of Muscry and earls of Clan Carthy."
28. Lainé 1836, p. 72. "Dermod-Môr, Mac-Carthy, fils puiné de Cormac-Môr, prince de Desmond et d'Honoria Fitz-Maurice, eut en apanage la baronnie de Muskery ..."
29. Cokayne 1893, p. 425, line 26. "Sir Charles (alias Cormac Oge) MacCarty, of Blarney and Muskerry, co. Cork, s. [son] and h. [heir] of Sir Cormac MacCarty of the same, by his first wife, Mary, da. [daughter] of Theobald (Butler), 1st Baron Caher [I. [Ireland] ] ..."
30. Burke 1866, p. 96, right column, line 49. "II. Mary, m. to Sir Cormac M'Carthy, of Blarney."
31. Debrett 1828, p. 640. "Theobald le Boteler on whom that office [Chief Butler of Ireland] was conferred by King Henry II., 1177 ..."
32. O'Hart 1892, p. 123, right column, line 18. "Issue:—1. Cormac ... 2. Teige ... Donal ... Julia ..."
33. Ohlmeyer 2004, p. 107, left column, line 21. "... [Donough] was the second son of the staunchly Catholic Charles MacCarthy ..."
34. O'Hart 1892, p. 124, left column, line 10. "This Cormac was educated at Oxford (England), ..."
35. Foster 1891, p. 956, left column. "MacCarty, Charles (Carty), of Cork, Munster, arm. [armiger] Broadgates Hall, matric. 3 Feb., 1601-2, aged 14: perhaps Cormac M'Carty, created Viscount Muskerry and Baron Blarney, 15 Nov. 1628 and died 20 Feb. 1640."
36. Cokayne 1893, p. 425, line 29. "He [Charles MacCarty] m. [married] firstly, about 1590, Margaret, da. [daughter] of Donough (O'Brien), 4th Earl of Thomond ..."
37. Cokayne 1913, p. 214, line 21. "Donough MacCarty ... was b. [born] 1594;"
38. Hunter-Blair 1913, p. 366, left column. "... imposed upon the university the royal Supremacy and the Thirty-nine Articles, subscription to which was required from every student ..."
39. Burke 1866, p. 406, left column. "Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond, and lord-president of Munster, called "the great earl", m. [married] 1st Ellen, dau. [daughter] of Maurice, Lord Viscount Roche of Fermoy, and had a dau., Margaret, m. to Charles McCarthy, 1st Viscount Muskerry."
40. Cunningham 2009, 2nd paragraph. "Donough O'Brien was brought up as a protestant at the court of Queen Elizabeth."
41. Cokayne 1896, p. 391, note b. "They were descended from the celebrated Brien Boroihme, principal king of Ireland (1002–1004) through his grandson Turlogh ..."
42. Burke 1866, p. 344, right column, line 25. "I. Cormac, d. [died] young."
43. Ohlmeyer 2004, p. 107, left column, line 24. "With the death of his elder brother Cormac, Donough became heir ..."
44. Ó Siochrú 2009a, 1st paragraph. "MacCarthy, Donough (1594–1665), 2nd Viscount Muskerry, 1st earl of Clancarty ..."
45. Burke 1866, p. 344, right column, line 26aMary, Eleanor, and Eleanor [sic]
46. Lainé 1836, p. 75, line 5Mary, Ellen, and Eleanor
47. Lodge 1789b, p. 55, line 29. "He [V. Browne, 2nd Bt] married Mary second daughter of Cormac, Lord Muskerry ... sister to his father's second wife."
48. Lodge 1789a, p. 197. "Colonel Edmond Fitz-Maurice, who married Ellena, fifth daughter of Charles, Lord Viscount Muskerry."
49. Cokayne 1900, p. 237, line 7. "He [V. Browne, 1st Bt.] m. [married] secondly Sheela, da. [daughter] of Charles (MacCarty), 1st Viscount Muskerry [I.], by Margaret, da. of Donough (O'Brien), 4th Earl of Thomond [I. [Ireland] ]. She d. [died] 21 Jan. 1633."
50. Cokayne 1900, p. 237, line 14. "... he [V. Browne, 2nd Bt.] m. Mary (sister of his stepmother) da. of Charles (MacCarty), 1st Viscount Muskerry [I. [Ireland] ] ..."
51. Cokayne 1892, p. 342. "Sir Valentine Browne, Bart. [I. [Ireland] ] of Killarney, co. Kerry, s. [son] and h. [heir] of Sir Valentine Browne, 2nd Bart [I.], by Mary da. [daughter] of Charles (MacCarty) 1st Viscount Muskerry [I. [Ireland] ] was b. [born] 1638 ..."
52. Burke 1866, p. 344, right column, line 31. "III. Eleanor, to John Power, and was ancestress to Frances Power, who m. [married] Richard Trench, Esq. of Garbally, father of the 1st Earl of Clancarty, of the Trench family."
53. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 453, left column. "... in consequence of his descent from Elena MacCarty, wife of John Power, dau. of Cormac Oge MacCarty, Viscount Muskerry, and sister of Donough MacCarty, earl of Clancarty ..."
54. Cokayne 1913, p. 218, note e. "He was the great-grandson of John Power, m. [married] Eleanor, the 3rd and yst sister of Donogh (MacCarty), 1st Earl of Clancarty [I.]."
55. Lainé 1836, p. 75, line 10. "4. Elinor Mac-Carthy, mariée en 1636 avec Cormac ou Charles Mac-Carthy-Reagh."
56. Lainé 1836, p. 94, note 1. "... son contrat de mariage fut passé le 23 novembre 1636. Elinor eut un dot de 2000 livres sterling."
57. O'Hart 1892, p. 120, right column, line 8. "124. Cormac [Charles] MacCarthy Reagh, Prince of Carbery: son of Donal; m. [married], before his father's death, Eleanor, dau. [daughter] of Cormac Oge, Lord Muscry;"
58. O'Hart 1892, p. 120, right column, line 15. "1. Finin; 2.Donal (who raised a regiment of foot for James II) ...; Donogh ..."
59. Burke 1866, p. 344, right column, line 28. "II. Eleanor, m. [married] to Charles-Mac Carthy Reagh, whose only dau. [daughter] Ellen became wife of John DeCourcy, 21st Baron Kingsale"
60. O'Hart 1892, p. 120, right column, line 28. "4. Ellen, who m. [married] John, Lord Kinsale."
61. Lodge 1789a, p. 196, line 12. "His [the 18th Baron's] second wife was Gyles, (Julia) daughter of Richard, Lord Poer of Curraghmore, by whom he had five sons and three daughters, viz. Colonel Edmond Fitz-Maurice, who married Ellena, fifth daughter of Charles, Lord Viscount Muskerry ..."
62. Smith 1893, p. 43. "On the 21st [October 1601] Cormac MacDermot Carty, chief of Muskery, with the Irish under his command, attacked the Spanish trenches ..."
63. Augusteijn 2004, p. 373. "Mellifont, treaty of (30–1 Mar. 1603), ending the Nine Year's War."
64. Morgan 2004, p. 513. "rising of 1641. The rising commenced in Ulster on 22 October amid a constitutional and related economic crisis convulsing Charles I's multiple monarchy."
65. Ohlmeyer 1996, p. 160. "... (1603–1641), a period of nearly forty years, was one of peace and relative prosperity interrupted by two national emergencies (in 1625–30 [menaced Spanish and French invasion] and 1638–40 [war in Scotland]) ..."
66. Cokayne 1893, p. 425. "... suc. [succeeded] his father 23 Feb. 1616 ..."
67. O'Hart 1892, p. 124, left column, line 5. "124. Cormac Oge, 17th lord of Muscry: his son; born A.D. 1564;"
68. Cokayne 1936, p. 440. "... was knighted by the Lord deputy 24 Mar. 1619/20."
69. Shaw 1906, p. 75, line 10. "1619-20, Mar. 24. Charles McCarty (in Ireland by Sir Oliver St. John, lord deputy of Ireland)."
70. Gillespie 2006, p. 13, line 17. "... most drastically in the period from 1615 to 1628 when honours were freely available for sale."
71. Cokayne 1893, p. 425, line 26. "... was cr. [created] 15 Nov. 1628, Baron Blarney and Viscount Muskerry, both of co. Cork [I. [Ireland] ], for life, with rem. [remainder] to his son Donough and the heirs males of his body ..."
72. Cokayne 1893, p. 426, line 5. "... together with this one [i.e. the Viscountcy Muskerry] was attainted in 1691."
73. Cokayne 1893, p. 426, line 11. "... was cr. [created] 5 Jan 1781, Baron Muskerry, co. Cork [I. [Ireland] ] ..."
74. House of Lords 1779, p. 2, right column. "Die Lunae, 14 Julii, Anno Regn. D'ni 1634 ... The Viscount Cartie of Muskry, with his Writ brought in."
75. Carte 1851a, p. 244, line 22. "... thought fit to delegate the lords Gormanston, Kilmallock, and Muskery to present their grievances to his majesty."
76. Bagwell 1909, p. 303. "... deputed Gormanston, Dillon, and Kilmallock to carry their grievances to London. When Parliament reassembled [i.e. 26 Jan 1641] this action was confirmed and Lord Muskerry was added to the number."
77. Gardiner 1899, p. 274, left column. "Parliament met on 14 July 1634."
78. Kearney 1959, p. 53. "Parliament met on 14 July [1634] and the first session lasted until 2 August."
79. Wedgwood 1961, p. 150. "Parliament met on July 14th, 1634. Wentworth rode down in state ..."
80. Wedgwood 1961, p. 126, line 31. "... he embarked at Chester and reached Dublin bay early in the morning of July 23rd [1633]."
81. Wedgwood 1961, p. 160. "When parliament rose on April 18th, 1635, Wentworth had every reason to congratulate himself."
82. Burke 1866, p. 344, right column, line 21. "... [Charles married] 2ndly the Hon. [honourable] Helen Roche, dau. [daughter] of David, Viscount Fermoy."
83. Dunlop & Cunningham 2004, p. 460, left column, line 53. "... [David Roche] though a zealous Catholic ..."
84. Ó Siochrú 2009b, 2nd paragraph, 3rd sentence. "He [David Roche] provided protection and support for catholic clergy in the province ..."
85. Burke 1866, p. 455, right column, line 42. "I. Ellen m. [married] 1st to Donnel McCarthy Reagh, of Killbritain, co. Cork, Esq.; 2ndly to Charles Viscount Muskerry, and 3rdly to Thomas Fitzmaurice, 4th son of Thomas 18th Lord Kerry."
86. Cokayne 1893, p. 425, line 31. "He [Charles MacCarty] m. [married] secondly, Ellen widow of Donnell MacCarthy Reagh, da. [daughter] of David (Roche), Viscount Fermnoy ..."
87. Butler 1904, p. [https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1904/b1904-001.pdf#page=3 2, line 8. "... a long inquisition taken in 1636, on the death of Donal, or Daniel, MacCarthy Reagh ..."
88. McCarthy 1922, p. 121, line 35. "After his [Donal's] death, in 1636, Charles I, by Letter Patent, granted her one-third of her husband's estate for dowry, as also the permission to marry again of which she availed herself."
89. Moody, Martin & Byrne 1984, p. 157. "Domhnall Of Kilbrittan d. 1636"
90. O'Hart 1892, p. 120, right column, line 8. "124. Cormac [Charles] MacCarthy Reagh, Prince of Carbery: son of Donal; m. [married], before his father's death, Eleanor, dau. [daughter] of Cormac Oge, Lord Muscry ..."
91. Cokayne 1936, p. 441. "He [Muskerry] m. [married], 2ndly, in or before 1599, Ellen, widow of Donell Maccarthy Reagh, and da. [daughter] of David (Roche) Viscount Fermoy [I.[Ireland] ] ..."
92. Ohlmeyer 2004, p. 107, left column, line 31. "Donough's mother died in or before 1599 when his [Donough's] father married as his second wife Ellen (d. [died] in or after 1610), widow of Donnell MacCarthy Reagh and daughter of David Roche, seventh Viscount Fermoy."
93. Ó Siochrú 2009b, beginning. "Roche, David (c.1573–1635) ..."
94. House of Commons 1878, p. 604, 6th table row. "1639 / 16 March / 1648 / 30 January"
95. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."
96. Gerard 1913, p. 739, right column. "[The year began]... from 1155 till the reform of the calendar in 1752 on 25 March, so that 24 March was the last day ..."
97. Wedgwood 1961, p. 276. "Two days before he came, Wandesford, now Lord Deputy since Strafford had become Lord Lieutenant, had opened Parliament."
98. Asch 2004, p. 152, right column, line 18. "... the Irish Parliament which had met on 16 March."
99. Wedgwood 1961, p. 276, line 4. "... they voted four subsidies of £45,000 each without a single negative ..."
100. UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
101. Wedgwood 1961, p. 277, line 8. "The Irish Parliament had agreed on the provision of a force of eight thousand foot and a thousand horse."
102. Mahaffy 1891, p. 44. "There were several sites granted on the north side of Dame Street, by the Corporation [i.e. Trinity College] to gentlemen of quality, who built houses with gardens stretching behind them to the river. I found mention of three of these before 1640. Presently, two larger mansions were erected there—Clancarty House, at the foot of the present S. Andrew's Street, and opposite it Chichester House ..."
103. Wedgwood 1961, p. 278. "On the evening of Good Friday, April 3rd, he [Wentworth] took leave of his wife and his friend, Wandesford, not knowing ..."
104. Woolrych 2002, p. 163, line 36. "They sent it [the remonstrace] over to England ... in the charge of thirteen members, who spanned the whole gamut from Irish and Old-English Catholics to New English puritans and Scottish Presbyterians. They included Sir Donagh McCarthy ..."
105. Mountmorres 1792, p. 40. "... but the parliament was prorogued on that day, to prevent any further proceedings until the 26 of January following."
106. Wedgwood 1961, p. 324ps=. "On the night of December 3rd [1640] he died ...".
107. Dunlop 1895, p. 420, left column, line 42. "... on the death of the vice-deputy, Sir Christopher Wandesford, on 3 Dec. 1640, he and Robert, lord Dillon of Kilkenny West, were appointed lords justices of the kingdom."
108. Dunlop 1895, p. [ https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati43stepuoft/page/420/ 420, left column, bottom]. "… a fresh commission [was] issued to Parsons and Sir John Borlase, who were accordingly sworn lords justices on 10 Feb. 1641. "
109. Carte 1851a, p. 244, line 28. "... an order passed, authorizing the three above-mentioned with lord viscount Dillon of Castellogallen, to be a committee to present grievances to his majesty ..."
110. House of Lords 1779, p. 149, left column. "... no Advantage shall be taken of the Absence of the Lord Viscount Gormanstown, The Lord Viscount Kilmallock, and the Lord Viscount Muskry, their lordships being gone into England to attend his Majesty's Pleasure, touching certain Grievances of this Kingdom."
111. Carte 1851a, p. 245. "These grievances were of Feb. 18 drawn up in eighteen articles, wherein they complained, that the nobility were overtaxed ..."
112. Ó Siochrú 2009a, 2nd paragraph, 1st sentence start. "On the death of his father (20 February 1641) ..."
113. Lainé 1836, p. 77. "(extrait du certificat de funérailles) ... enterré dans le bas-côté près de son grand-père Charles, lord vicomte Muskery."
114. Cokayne 1913, p. 214, 21. "... he suc. [succeeded] his father in the Viscountcy, 20 Feb., 1640."
115. Cokayne 1893, p. 425, line 33. "He d. [died] in London and was bur. [buried] 27 May 1640 in Westm. [Westminster] Abbey."
116. Chester 1876, p. 134, line 8. "1640 27 May, The Lord Viscount Musgrove, of Ireland: in the North side of the monuments, under a black stone by the roabes door."
117. Chester 1876, p. 134, Note 5. "This entry can only refer to Cormac Mac Carthy, who was created, 15 Nov. 1628, Baron of Blarney and Viscount of Muskerry."
118. Buckley 1898, p. [https://www.corkhist.ie/wp-content/uploads/jfiles/1898/b1898-010.pdf#page=17 98. "My Lord Musgrave told them the day was lost, and bid as many as could save their lives, to make hast away;"
119. House of Commons 1878, p. 609. "1639 / 2 Mar. / Sir Donagh McCarthy, knt. / – / Cork County"
120. Ó Siochrú 2009a, Beginning of the 2nd paragraph. "On the death of his father (20 February 1641) ..."
121. Perceval-Maxwell 1994, p. 330. "... we know that the elder Muskerry died in February 1641."
122. Burke 1866, p. 455, right column, line 42. "I. Ellen m. [married] 1st to Donnel McCarthy Reagh, of Killbritain, co. Cork, Esq.; 2ndly to Charles Viscount Muskerry, and 3rdly to Thomas Fitzmaurice, 4th son of Thomas 18th Lord Kerry."
123. Joyce 1903, p. 172. "On the 23d of September, 1601, a Spanish fleet entered the harbour of Kinsale with 3,400 troops ... "
124. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 1. "James I ... acc. 24 Mar. 1603 ..."
125. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 168, line 33. "1615, 2 July /30 Aug. /Sir Oliver St John, L.D. [Lord Deputy] (aft. Lord Grandison)"
126. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 16. "Charles I. ... acc. 27 Mar. 1625 ..."
127. Asch 2004, p. 146, right column, line 23. "Wentworth was appointed lord deputy on 12 January 1632 ..."
128. McCarthy 1922, p. 121, line 35. "After his [Donal's] death, in 1636, Charles I, by Letter Patent, granted her [Ellen] one-third of her husband's estate for dowry, as also the permission to marry again of which she availed herself."
129. Burke 1866, p. 344, right column, line 18. "Cormac oge, Lord of Muskerry, was created 15 November 1628 ..."
130. Cronnelly 1865, p. 169, line 27. "121. Cormac Oge, lord Muskerry, born A.D. 1564."
131. McCarthy 1913, p. 70, line 4. "Cormac, the 17th Lord of Muskerry (born 1564, died 1640),"
132. Cronnelly 1865, p. 169, line 4. "120. Cormac, lord Muskerry, born A.D. 1552."
133. O'Hart 1892, p. 123, right column, line 16. "123. Cormac Mór, lord of Muscry ... born, A.D. 1552; married to Maria Butler."
134. McCarthy 1922, p. 193. "Cormac MacDermod, the 16th Lord, born in 1552, attended Parliament in 1578 as 'Baron of Blarney', and conformed to the Protestant Church."

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Peerage of Ireland
New creation	Viscount Muskerry 1st creation 1628–1641	Succeeded by Donough MacCarty