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Charles Jennens

January 01, 1970

Charles Jennens (1700 – 20 November 1773) was an English landowner and patron of the arts. As a friend of Handel, he helped author the libretti of several of his oratorios, most notably Messiah.

Jennens; painting by Thomas Hudson
Jennens; painting by Mason Chamberlin the elder

Life edit

Jennens was brought up at Gopsall Hall in Leicestershire, the son of Charles Jennens and his second wife, Elizabeth Burdett.[1][2] He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, matriculating in 1716, but did not graduate. He was a devout Christian and a non-juror, upholding the legitimacy of the deposed Stuart line.[1][2] He became interested in Primitive Apostolic (Sabbatarian) Christianity and John Chrysostom.[citation needed] Jennens has been identified as an anti-Deist.[3] Richard Kidder's book A Demonstration of the Messias influenced him.[citation needed]

After his father's death in 1747, Jennens had Gopsall Hall completely rebuilt in the Palladian style, including within the estate an Ionic temple built in memory of his friend, the poet and classical scholar, Edward Holdsworth. Remaining unmarried, he was considered melancholic and extravagant, his neighbours calling him Solyman the Magnificent.[1][4] As a non-juror, Jennens was ineligible for any public appointment, and he devoted himself to the arts, both as a collector of fine art (his collection was one of the best in Britain at the time) and a music patron.[2] George Frideric Handel's compositions were very much to his musical taste and they became close friends.[1] Handel visited him frequently at Gopsall Hall and in 1749 provided the specification for an organ for his home.[2][5] Thomas Hudson's portrait of Handel was commissioned by Jennens[2] – and the same artist's portrait of Charles Jennens is now in the Handel House Museum in London.[6]

He died on 20 November 1773. His memorial lies in Nether Whitacre Parish Church and was sculpted by Richard Hayward who also provided sculptures both in his London home at Great Ormond Street and at his country seat of Gopsall Park.[7]

After his death, Jennens' second cousin Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Aylesford, inherited his music library and much of it is now preserved in the Henry Watson Music Library at Manchester Central Library. It contains a large collection of manuscripts and published music by Handel and other contemporary composers, both English and Italian; there are 368 volumes of Handel manuscripts, and others include the autograph of Antonio Vivaldi's "Manchester" violin sonatas and an early manuscript of The Four Seasons.[2][8] Jennens' extensive collection of books by William Shakespeare, on literature, philology and theology was largely dispersed in a sale in 1918.[2][9]

Collaboration with Handel edit

Jennens' deep knowledge of the Bible and wide literary interest led him, from 1735, to prepare or contribute to libretti for Handel. These included Saul (1735–39), L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato (1740–41), Messiah (1741–42), Belshazzar (1744–45) and, possibly, Israel in Egypt (1738–39). The libretti were freely given and always published anonymously. Saul and Belshazzar are said to "show an impressive gift for dramatic structure and characterization and the ability to wield political analogies adroitly."[2]

Well versed in music as well as literature, he annotated his copies of Handel's operas, adding corrections, bass figures, rejected pieces and dates. It is also clear that on occasions Handel was prepared to accept Jennens' suggestions and improvements to his compositions.[2][10]

The most famous collaboration is Jennens' libretto for Messiah, drawn entirely from the Bible, about 60 per cent from the Old Testament (with occasional small alterations).[11] Musicologist Watkins Shaw describes it as "a meditation of our Lord as Messiah in Christian thought and belief", and which "amounts to little short of a work of genius".[12] Some attribute Messiah's emphasis on the Old Testament – and choice of the Old Testament title "Messiah" – to Jennens' theological beliefs.[3][13] Jennens was less than wholly approving of the musical setting, writing to Edward Holdsworth:

"I shall show you a collection I gave Handel, called Messiah, which I value highly. He has made a fine entertainment of it, though not near so good as he might and ought to have done. I have with great difficulty made him correct some of the grossest faults in the composition; but he retained his overture obstinately, in which there are some passages far unworthy of Handel, but much more unworthy of the Messiah."[14]

Editor of Shakespeare edit

 
Friontispiece to his 1773 version of Hamlet - Spranger Barry (or Garrick) with Mary Elmy in the closing scene

In the early 1770s, Jennens commenced the preparation of scrupulous critical editions of Shakespeare plays, and the first time that these had been published individually and with editorial footnotes. He completed King Lear, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, and Julius Caesar before his death in 1773. These editions drew scorn, perhaps due to envy, from the Shakespeare editor George Steevens who severely attacked not only Jennens' work, but particularly his character: "The chief error of Mr. Jennens's life consisted in his perpetual association with a set of men every way inferior to himself. By these means he lost all opportunities of improvement, but gained what he preferred to the highest gratifications of wisdom – flattery in excess."[2][15]

Family edit

Jennens was the grandson of Birmingham ironmaster Sir Humphrey Jennens, of Eddington Hall, Warwickshire. Charles Jennens' first cousin, William Jennens was described as the "richest commoner in England" when he died unmarried and intestate with a fortune estimated at £2 million (worth in excess of £230 million at 2015 rates). Charles Jennens' own fortune was inherited by his sister Elizabeth Jennens Hanmer (1692–1777). Elizabeth's daughter Esther Hanmer (1719–1764) married Assheton Curzon, 1st Viscount Curzon.[16]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d "Mr. Charles Jennens: The Compiler of Handel's 'Messiah'". The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular. 43 (717): 726–727. 1 November 1902. doi:10.2307/3369540. JSTOR 3369540.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Smith, Ruth. "Jennens, Charles (1700/01–1773)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  3. ^ a b Daniel, David (2003). The Bible in English. Washington DC, US: Library of Congress. p. 563. ISBN 0-300-09930-4. Retrieved 27 January 2013. There can be no doubt that Jennens saw his compilation of Scripture texts as forcefully attacking deism. The very title is an anti-deist banner.
  4. ^ Handel. A Celebration of his Life and Times 1685–1759, p. 201. National Portrait Gallery London
  5. ^ Gudger, William D. "George Frideric Handel's 1749 Letter to Charles Jennens" (PDF). The Moldenhauer Archives. Library of Congress, Washington DC. Retrieved 15 February 2013. The organ survives, substantially unaltered in St James' Church, Great Packington, Warwickshire
  6. ^ "Portrait of Charles Jennens". The Art Fund. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  7. ^ Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660-1851 by Rupert Gunnis
  8. ^ . Manchester City Council. Archived from the original on 30 August 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  9. ^ Tassilo Erhardt, Händels Messiah. Text, Musik, Theologie, Comes Verlag, Bad Reichenhall 2007, ISBN 978-3-88820-500-2
  10. ^ Dean, Winton (2006). Handel's Operas. Woodbridge UK: Boydell Press. pp. 122, 278, 302, 310. ISBN 1-84383-268-2.
  11. ^ Block, Daniel I. (Spring 2001). "Handel's Messiah: Biblical and Theological Perspectives". Didaskalia. 12 (2): 1–23.
  12. ^ Shaw, Watkins (1963). The story of Handel's "Messiah". London: Novello & Co.
  13. ^ Bartlett, Clifford (1998). George Frideric Handel: "Messiah" (vocal score). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-336668-8.
  14. ^ Tobin, John (1969). Handel's Messiah. London: Cassell & Co. pp. 150–151. ISBN 978-0-304-93163-7.
  15. ^ Nichols, John (1812). Literary Anecdotes of the XVIII Century. Vol. 3. London. pp. 121–24n.
  16. ^ Smith, R. (23 September 2004). Jennens, Charles (1700/01–1773), patron of the arts and librettist. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

Further reading edit

  • Smith, Ruth (2012). Charles Jennens: The Man Behind Handel's Messiah. London: The Gerald Coke Handel Foundation. ISBN 978-0-9560998-2-2.
  • Amanda Babington and Ilias Chrissochoidis, "Musical References in the Jennens–Holdsworth Correspondence (1729–46)," Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 45:1 (2014), 76–129.

External links edit

  •   Works by or about Charles Jennens at Wikisource

January 01, 1970
charles, jennens, 1700, november, 1773, english, landowner, patron, arts, friend, handel, helped, author, libretti, several, oratorios, most, notably, messiah, jennens, painting, thomas, hudson, jennens, painting, mason, chamberlin, elder, contents, life, coll. Charles Jennens 1700 20 November 1773 was an English landowner and patron of the arts As a friend of Handel he helped author the libretti of several of his oratorios most notably Messiah Jennens painting by Thomas Hudson Jennens painting by Mason Chamberlin the elder Contents 1 Life 2 Collaboration with Handel 3 Editor of Shakespeare 4 Family 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksLife editJennens was brought up at Gopsall Hall in Leicestershire the son of Charles Jennens and his second wife Elizabeth Burdett 1 2 He was educated at Balliol College Oxford matriculating in 1716 but did not graduate He was a devout Christian and a non juror upholding the legitimacy of the deposed Stuart line 1 2 He became interested in Primitive Apostolic Sabbatarian Christianity and John Chrysostom citation needed Jennens has been identified as an anti Deist 3 Richard Kidder s book A Demonstration of the Messias influenced him citation needed After his father s death in 1747 Jennens had Gopsall Hall completely rebuilt in the Palladian style including within the estate an Ionic temple built in memory of his friend the poet and classical scholar Edward Holdsworth Remaining unmarried he was considered melancholic and extravagant his neighbours calling him Solyman the Magnificent 1 4 As a non juror Jennens was ineligible for any public appointment and he devoted himself to the arts both as a collector of fine art his collection was one of the best in Britain at the time and a music patron 2 George Frideric Handel s compositions were very much to his musical taste and they became close friends 1 Handel visited him frequently at Gopsall Hall and in 1749 provided the specification for an organ for his home 2 5 Thomas Hudson s portrait of Handel was commissioned by Jennens 2 and the same artist s portrait of Charles Jennens is now in the Handel House Museum in London 6 He died on 20 November 1773 His memorial lies in Nether Whitacre Parish Church and was sculpted by Richard Hayward who also provided sculptures both in his London home at Great Ormond Street and at his country seat of Gopsall Park 7 After his death Jennens second cousin Heneage Finch 3rd Earl of Aylesford inherited his music library and much of it is now preserved in the Henry Watson Music Library at Manchester Central Library It contains a large collection of manuscripts and published music by Handel and other contemporary composers both English and Italian there are 368 volumes of Handel manuscripts and others include the autograph of Antonio Vivaldi s Manchester violin sonatas and an early manuscript of The Four Seasons 2 8 Jennens extensive collection of books by William Shakespeare on literature philology and theology was largely dispersed in a sale in 1918 2 9 Collaboration with Handel editJennens deep knowledge of the Bible and wide literary interest led him from 1735 to prepare or contribute to libretti for Handel These included Saul 1735 39 L Allegro il Penseroso ed il Moderato 1740 41 Messiah 1741 42 Belshazzar 1744 45 and possibly Israel in Egypt 1738 39 The libretti were freely given and always published anonymously Saul and Belshazzar are said to show an impressive gift for dramatic structure and characterization and the ability to wield political analogies adroitly 2 Well versed in music as well as literature he annotated his copies of Handel s operas adding corrections bass figures rejected pieces and dates It is also clear that on occasions Handel was prepared to accept Jennens suggestions and improvements to his compositions 2 10 The most famous collaboration is Jennens libretto for Messiah drawn entirely from the Bible about 60 per cent from the Old Testament with occasional small alterations 11 Musicologist Watkins Shaw describes it as a meditation of our Lord as Messiah in Christian thought and belief and which amounts to little short of a work of genius 12 Some attribute Messiah s emphasis on the Old Testament and choice of the Old Testament title Messiah to Jennens theological beliefs 3 13 Jennens was less than wholly approving of the musical setting writing to Edward Holdsworth I shall show you a collection I gave Handel called Messiah which I value highly He has made a fine entertainment of it though not near so good as he might and ought to have done I have with great difficulty made him correct some of the grossest faults in the composition but he retained his overture obstinately in which there are some passages far unworthy of Handel but much more unworthy of the Messiah 14 Editor of Shakespeare edit nbsp Friontispiece to his 1773 version of Hamlet Spranger Barry or Garrick with Mary Elmy in the closing scene In the early 1770s Jennens commenced the preparation of scrupulous critical editions of Shakespeare plays and the first time that these had been published individually and with editorial footnotes He completed King Lear Hamlet Othello Macbeth and Julius Caesar before his death in 1773 These editions drew scorn perhaps due to envy from the Shakespeare editor George Steevens who severely attacked not only Jennens work but particularly his character The chief error of Mr Jennens s life consisted in his perpetual association with a set of men every way inferior to himself By these means he lost all opportunities of improvement but gained what he preferred to the highest gratifications of wisdom flattery in excess 2 15 Family editJennens was the grandson of Birmingham ironmaster Sir Humphrey Jennens of Eddington Hall Warwickshire Charles Jennens first cousin William Jennens was described as the richest commoner in England when he died unmarried and intestate with a fortune estimated at 2 million worth in excess of 230 million at 2015 rates Charles Jennens own fortune was inherited by his sister Elizabeth Jennens Hanmer 1692 1777 Elizabeth s daughter Esther Hanmer 1719 1764 married Assheton Curzon 1st Viscount Curzon 16 See also editLetters and writings of George Frideric HandelReferences edit a b c d Mr Charles Jennens The Compiler of Handel s Messiah The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular 43 717 726 727 1 November 1902 doi 10 2307 3369540 JSTOR 3369540 a b c d e f g h i j Smith Ruth Jennens Charles 1700 01 1773 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press Retrieved 15 February 2013 a b Daniel David 2003 The Bible in English Washington DC US Library of Congress p 563 ISBN 0 300 09930 4 Retrieved 27 January 2013 There can be no doubt that Jennens saw his compilation of Scripture texts as forcefully attacking deism The very title is an anti deist banner Handel A Celebration of his Life and Times 1685 1759 p 201 National Portrait Gallery London Gudger William D George Frideric Handel s 1749 Letter to Charles Jennens PDF The Moldenhauer Archives Library of Congress Washington DC Retrieved 15 February 2013 The organ survives substantially unaltered in St James Church Great Packington Warwickshire Portrait of Charles Jennens The Art Fund Retrieved 15 February 2013 Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660 1851 by Rupert Gunnis Henry Watson Music Library Manuscripts and Rarities Manchester City Council Archived from the original on 30 August 2011 Retrieved 15 February 2013 Tassilo Erhardt Handels Messiah Text Musik Theologie Comes Verlag Bad Reichenhall 2007 ISBN 978 3 88820 500 2 Dean Winton 2006 Handel s Operas Woodbridge UK Boydell Press pp 122 278 302 310 ISBN 1 84383 268 2 Block Daniel I Spring 2001 Handel s Messiah Biblical and Theological Perspectives Didaskalia 12 2 1 23 Shaw Watkins 1963 The story of Handel s Messiah London Novello amp Co Bartlett Clifford 1998 George Frideric Handel Messiah vocal score Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 336668 8 Tobin John 1969 Handel s Messiah London Cassell amp Co pp 150 151 ISBN 978 0 304 93163 7 Nichols John 1812 Literary Anecdotes of the XVIII Century Vol 3 London pp 121 24n Smith R 23 September 2004 Jennens Charles 1700 01 1773 patron of the arts and librettist Oxford Dictionary of National BiographyFurther reading editSmith Ruth 2012 Charles Jennens The Man Behind Handel s Messiah London The Gerald Coke Handel Foundation ISBN 978 0 9560998 2 2 Amanda Babington and Ilias Chrissochoidis Musical References in the Jennens Holdsworth Correspondence 1729 46 Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 45 1 2014 76 129 External links edit nbsp Works by or about Charles Jennens at Wikisource Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Charles Jennens amp oldid 1221412326, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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