This article is about the archaeological site. For the civilization it belonged to, see Casma/Sechin culture.
Chanquillo[1][2][3][4][5] or Chankillo[3][6][7][8] is an ancient monumental complex in the Peruvian coastal desert, found in the Casma-Sechin basin in the Ancash Department of Peru. The ruins include the hilltop Chankillo fort, the nearby Thirteen Towers solar observatory, and residential and gathering areas. The Thirteen Towers have been interpreted as an astronomical observatory built in the 4th century BC.[6][9] The culture that produced Chankillo is called the Casma/Sechin culture or the Sechin Complex.[citation needed] The site was awarded UNESCOWorld Heritage status in July 2021.[10]
Chanquillo
Thirteen Towers of Chankillo, viewed from the fortress
The regularly-spaced thirteen towers of Chankillo were constructed atop the ridge of a low hill running near north to south, forming a "toothed" horizon with narrow gaps at regular intervals. To the east and west investigators designated two possible observation points. From these vantages, the 300m long spread of the towers along the horizon corresponds very closely to the rising and setting positions of the sun over the year,[9] albeit they are not all visible. On the winter solstice, the sun would rise behind the leftmost tower of Chankillo and rise behind each of the towers until it reached the rightmost tower six months later on the summer solstice, marking the passage of time.[11] The Thirteen Towers of Chankillo could be the earliest known observatory in the Americas. Inhabitants of Chankillo would have been able to determine an accurate date, with an error of a day or two, by observing the sunrise or sunset from the correct tower.[12] A contemporary site in Chincha Valley, Peru, of the late Paracas culture, which also marked the solstice, has recently been examined.[13]
The towers had been known to travellers for 200 years but were not determined to be an astronomical site until 2007 by Iván Ghezzi and Clive Ruggles.[14]
^ abPozorski, Shelia; Pozorski, Thomas; Pozorski, Thomas George (2006). Early Settlement and Subsistence in the Casma Valley, Peru. University of Iowa Press. p. 95. ISBN9781587294624.
^"SITIO ARQUEOLOGICO CHANQUILLO" (in Spanish). MINCETUR. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
^ abGhezzi, Ivan; Ruggles, Clive (2007). "Chankillo: A 2300-Year-Old Solar Observatory in Coastal Peru". Science. 315 (5816): 1239–1243. Bibcode:2007Sci...315.1239G. doi:10.1126/science.1136415. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17332405.
^ abGhezzi, Ivan (2006). "Religious Warfare at Chankillo". In Isbell, William H.; Silverman, Helaine (eds.). Andean Archaeology III. Springer US. pp. 67–84. doi:10.1007/0-387-28940-2_4. ISBN9780387289397.
^DK (2010-06-21). Space: A Visual Encyclopedia. Penguin. p. 209. ISBN9780756666286.
^ abBBC/Open University documentary, Broadcast March 2011, Downloadable demonstration of Towers at sunrise.
^ Collyns, Dan (28 July 2021). "'No parallels': 2,300-year-old solar observatory awarded UNESCO World Heritage status". The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2021-07-28.
^Stanish, Charles, et al. “A 2,300-Year-Old Architectural and Astronomical Complex in the Chincha Valley, Peru.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 111, no. 20, National Academy of Sciences, 2014, pp. 7218–23
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chanquillo.
3D reconstruction of the site
Chankillo, Peru, Ancient Solar Observatory?
Towers point to ancient Sun cult, BBC
Giant Solar Calendar Measures Time, BBC
Early Monumental Architecture on the Peruvian Coast
View from the air on the Chankillo site
High-resolution image of the Thirteen Towers
Wonders of the Universe, Prof. Brian Cox, BBC (may be region locked to UK only)
July 10, 2023
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This article is about the archaeological site For the civilization it belonged to see Casma Sechin culture Chanquillo 1 2 3 4 5 or Chankillo 3 6 7 8 is an ancient monumental complex in the Peruvian coastal desert found in the Casma Sechin basin in the Ancash Department of Peru The ruins include the hilltop Chankillo fort the nearby Thirteen Towers solar observatory and residential and gathering areas The Thirteen Towers have been interpreted as an astronomical observatory built in the 4th century BC 6 9 The culture that produced Chankillo is called the Casma Sechin culture or the Sechin Complex citation needed The site was awarded UNESCO World Heritage status in July 2021 10 ChanquilloThirteen Towers of Chankillo viewed from the fortressShown within PeruAlternative nameChankilloLocationAncash Region PeruCoordinates09 33 24 S 78 14 09 W 9 55667 S 78 23583 W 9 55667 78 23583TypeFortified sanctuaryPart ofCasma Sechin cultureArea4 km2 1 5 sq mi HistoryFounded300 BCUNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial nameChankillo Archaeoastronomical ComplexCriteriaCultural i iv Designated2021 44th session Reference no 1624The site covers about four square kilometres 1 5 square miles and has been interpreted as a fortified temple 7 Contents 1 The Thirteen Towers solar observatory 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksThe Thirteen Towers solar observatory EditThe regularly spaced thirteen towers of Chankillo were constructed atop the ridge of a low hill running near north to south forming a toothed horizon with narrow gaps at regular intervals To the east and west investigators designated two possible observation points From these vantages the 300m long spread of the towers along the horizon corresponds very closely to the rising and setting positions of the sun over the year 9 albeit they are not all visible On the winter solstice the sun would rise behind the leftmost tower of Chankillo and rise behind each of the towers until it reached the rightmost tower six months later on the summer solstice marking the passage of time 11 The Thirteen Towers of Chankillo could be the earliest known observatory in the Americas Inhabitants of Chankillo would have been able to determine an accurate date with an error of a day or two by observing the sunrise or sunset from the correct tower 12 A contemporary site in Chincha Valley Peru of the late Paracas culture which also marked the solstice has recently been examined 13 The towers had been known to travellers for 200 years but were not determined to be an astronomical site until 2007 by Ivan Ghezzi and Clive Ruggles 14 Panorama of ChanquilloSee also EditAcaray List of archaeoastronomical sites by countryReferences Edit Peru 1 100 000 La Caleta Culebras 20 g IGN Instituto Geografico Nacional Peru Jenkins Dilwyn 2003 The Rough Guide to Peru Rough Guides p 295 ISBN 9781843530749 a b Pozorski Shelia Pozorski Thomas Pozorski Thomas George 2006 Early Settlement and Subsistence in the Casma Valley Peru University of Iowa Press p 95 ISBN 9781587294624 Gerster Georg 2005 The Past from Above Aerial Photographs of Archaeological Sites Getty Publications pp 197 ISBN 9780892368754 SITIO ARQUEOLOGICO CHANQUILLO in Spanish MINCETUR Retrieved 2017 06 01 a b Ghezzi Ivan Ruggles Clive 2007 Chankillo A 2300 Year Old Solar Observatory in Coastal Peru Science 315 5816 1239 1243 Bibcode 2007Sci 315 1239G doi 10 1126 science 1136415 ISSN 0036 8075 PMID 17332405 a b Ghezzi Ivan 2006 Religious Warfare at Chankillo In Isbell William H Silverman Helaine eds Andean Archaeology III Springer US pp 67 84 doi 10 1007 0 387 28940 2 4 ISBN 9780387289397 DK 2010 06 21 Space A Visual Encyclopedia Penguin p 209 ISBN 9780756666286 a b BBC Open University documentary Broadcast March 2011 Downloadable demonstration of Towers at sunrise Collyns Dan 28 July 2021 No parallels 2 300 year old solar observatory awarded UNESCO World Heritage status The Guardian London United Kingdom ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2021 07 28 Archaeoastronomy Chankillo Stanish Charles et al A 2 300 Year Old Architectural and Astronomical Complex in the Chincha Valley Peru Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America vol 111 no 20 National Academy of Sciences 2014 pp 7218 23 Atwood Roger Solar Observatory at Chankillo Peru Archaeology Volume 61 Number 1 January February 2008 http www archaeology org 0801 topten solar observatory html External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chanquillo 3D reconstruction of the site Chankillo Peru Ancient Solar Observatory Towers point to ancient Sun cult BBC Giant Solar Calendar Measures Time BBC Early Monumental Architecture on the Peruvian Coast Yale University article Peruvian Citadel is Site of Earliest Ancient Solar Observatory in the Americas and slide show View from the air on the Chankillo site High resolution image of the Thirteen Towers Wonders of the Universe Prof Brian Cox BBC may be region locked to UK only Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chanquillo amp oldid 1144561718, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
