Chalilakath Kunahmed Haji

Moulana Chalilakath Kunhahammad Haji (Arabic: جاللكت كنّ احمد الحاج 1866–1919) was a Malayali Sunni ^[2] scholar and Islamic educationalist.^[3] He is known for his special attention on the reformation^[4] of orthodox Muslims and as father new Madrassa system in southern Indian state of Kerala.^[5][1][2] scholar and Islamic educationalist.^[6] He is known for his special attention on the reformation of orthodox Muslims and as father new Madrassa system in southern Indian state of Kerala.^[5][2][7][8]

Chalilakath Kunahmed Haji
Born	1866 Adrishery, Kerala, India.
Died	1919
Nationality	Indian
Other names	Chalilakath
Occupation(s)	Religious teacher, Islamic Scholar
Known for	Islamic Educationist, Qur'anic,Sunni Scholar ^[1] Malabar muslims’ reformer, The founder of famous Islamic seminary Darul Uloom Varakkad

Early life

Kunhi Ahmed Musliyar was born in 1866 (Hijra-1267) at Adrishery, Kerala, India as the son of Kala Muhyaddeen Kutti and "Fathima" the daughter of Kunhai Haji known as Chalilakath Kussay Haji, the friend of Sayyid Alavi Thangal. He was hunted by the destiny as his parents separated in his early childhood and lost the paternal affection. He was brought under the strict rule of mother and uncles within religious background and later known as Chalilakath Kunahmed Musliyar, adding his mother's household with his name. There are three abbreviated forms to this name :‘C.H’.’M,C,C,’ and C.A. Firstmeans Chalilakath, the second one means the relations between mother and father (Muthatt, Cala, Chalilakath) and the last one means Chalilakath. In following days Chalilakath Ahmad Haji's sons also known as M.C.C. or M.C.C Brothers.

Educational field

Chalilakath Haji achieved his primary education In Quran's Thajveed ( a scientific study about the pattern of Quran recitation, pronunciation of Arabic alphabet) from his mother who possessed a good and deep knowledge and led sacred life. When he expressed interest and enthusiasm in studying, his mother encouraged him to go for further study. His all uncles and brothers were famous in every religious stage and they were conscious to strengthen the Islamic superiority of yore. The Muslim ulama issued anti- British fatwa (Shareeth based decree), denouncing the material education, but his brother Kutyamma Sahib exuded enough courage to enroll him in school located at Calicut and there he learnt three languages, Malayalam Sanskrit and English. Here he was accompanied with Ali Hassan who shared his knowledge with former. After gaining primary knowledge he accepted the guidance of Ahmed Kutti of Kodancharry, the disciple of Makah mufthi Ahmed Zainy and was known as exponent in ‘’Thufa’’ of Abdul Hameed Sharwani. Later he participated in spiritual classes of Ammmu Musliyar who had been careering out the Darse in ‘’Thiriruagadi’’. After acquiring his spiritual matters from masjid of ‘’Thirurathangoor" and "Makadi" mosque of Calicut, he became a disciple of Abdul Azeez Musliyar the composer of "Bader Moulood"(the biography of Bader warriors) and unforgettable person In Islamic history of Kerala (first Malayali that went to Velloor for higher studies).^[9] Here he was accompanied by the luminous scholars like Muhammad Abdul Jabber and Hazarath Abdul Azeez. The great mystic leaders, Muhammad Rukhundheen Kadiriya and Sheik Muhammad Abdul Azeez Jaleel were the famous teacher of Baqiyath Arabic college. He was not only restrained to the Islamic education, but he owned extra ordinary skill and dexterity in astronomy, logical, philosophy, and geometry from Baqiyath itself. He was blessed with thorough knowledge in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and commentator on prophet related knowledge, known as Sunnah. Later he was enrolled another great Religious institution, ‘Lathfiya Arabic College’, which locates at Vellore itself. After the graduation from Lathifiya College, he spent considerable period under Abdul Halim Sahib (Shaban, H 1311) studying about astrology at "Advamiaty", the classical text from his "Risalathul Marideen". During his stay in Tamil Nadu for the graduation, he learnt Urdu, Parsi, and Tamil.

Teaching fields

After sipping enough drops of knowledge, he got down to pedagogy field to share his knowledge with other. He rejected the invitation for the teaching post in Latifiya Arabic College and commenced pedagogy in "Tharamal mosque" (literary means hatched the masjid with leaves of palm). Later he conducted lectures in Mayali, Valapattanam, Pulikkal, Vazakkad and Mannarkad.

Darul Uloom

Darul- Uloom Vazakkad was found in 1871 by austral "Kayappathothy" family and was named as "Thanmiyathul-Uloom’’.Chalilaktah accepted appointment as the principal of the institution and later he renamed the institution as Darul Uloom . During his tenure as principal, the institution was hailed to the reputed status and was considered the headquarters of Islamic seminaries in Kerala. He introduced many reformation based on the institution and encouraged material studies.^[10] The institution witnessed the controversial issues in his life such as Inul Qibla, Madrassa reformation, renovation of Arabic Malayalam script.

Pious scholar and his disciples

Chalilakath kunahmmad Haji not only famed by his respected teachers but also he was famed by his dominant oeuvres and pious disciples. He forced him himself to gain the satisfaction and content of his teacher. So he became a luminous leader of Kerala.

The places where he carried out darsas

1. Tirurangadi
2. Mayyazi
3. Valapattanam
4. Pulikkal
5. Mannarkad
6. Vazakkad
7. Tharammal
8. Nallanam

The foremost disciples of Chalilakath Haji

1. Chalilakath Muhammad Haji
2. Kutubi Muhammed Musliyar
3. Cherussery Ahmed Kutty Musliyar
4. Mohiyadheen of Kattipa Ruthi
5. Andathod Kunahmed Musliyar
6. Amanath Hasan Musliyar
7. Eldest Ahmed Musliyar of cheroor
8. P.P Unni Mohiyaddin Kutti Musliyar
9. M.C.C Ahmed Moulavi
10. M.C.C Abdul Rahman Moulavi
11. E.K Mohyadden Moulavi

Exhilarating oeuvres

Chalilakath’s reformation did not confined to sermonizing but he attempted to strengthen the Islam by his works simultaneously. He composed various books for various purposes like stimulatory texts for students of his institution and other prominent works for eradicate renovated scholars. Lot of thought provoking texts is derived from his pen.

Some significant oeuvres of Chalilakath

No	Names in English	Original name	Meaning of titles	Core subject
1	Hashiyathun Ala Risalatahin Maredeen	حاشية على رسالة المرادين	Annotationn on Risalathul Maradin	Astrology (annotation on Ahmed Halim's work رسالة المرادين
2	Thufathul Ahdaab	تحفة الاداب	The presentation of Manner	Behavior and manner
3	Thasheelul Adhaneel Ikvaan Fi Thaleemi Sabani Hinduathan	تسهيل الاذهان الاخوان في تعليم زبانالهندوستان	Simplification of mind for study of Indian Languages	grammar and language book
4	Adhvatul Fee Qibla	الدعوة في القبلة	Argument in Qibla	Fiqh text explaining the exact position of Qibla
5	Kithabul Hisab fee Ilmil Meekath	كتاب الحساب في علم الميقات	Math's of Time Knowledge	Astrology
6	Kithabu Swarf	كتاب الصرف	Text on Morphology	Arabic grammar
7	Annahvul Kabeer	النحو الكبير	The big grammar	Arabic grammar
8	Mabadrul Qiraa	مدار القراءة	The base of recitation	Laws of Quran recitation
9	Allugathul Arabia	اللغة العربية	Arabic Language	Arabic Language
10	Deeniyath	الدينيات	The religious	Islamic Believes
11	Amaliya	عمليات	Deeds	Behaviour
12	Thahleemul Quran	تعليم القران	Study about Quran	Annotation on the Quran
13	Surathul Huroof	صورة الحروف	Image of words	The explanation about words in Quran
14	Atheedathul Baleega Fe Kathaee Davaberial Firkathu Ikadiyaniya	التحدية البليغة في خطإ دوابرة الفرقة القاديانية	Severe warning on the mistakes of Kadiyani group	Refutation on Qadiyani
15	Thufathul Aqthab	تحفة الاقطاب	The presentation on horizon	His argument about the Inul Qibla debate
16	Thasheel Ul Furooq	تحصيل الفروق	Achievement of different	Arabic Malayalam

In explanation of Risalatul Murideen he abbreviated the opinions of foreign and internal scholars. This was published by his disciple Sulaiman, native of Mangalore.Nowadays only a few his works are surviving like Atheedathul Baleega Fe Kathaee Davaberil Firkathul Kadiyaniya.

Debate of Inul Qibla

Debate of Inul Qibla is the main incident in Kerala Muslim history in which Chalilakath exuded his stance bravely . After his service in Mayyazi, he was drawn to Pulikkal by inspiration of Koyakutti Sahib, a pious and mystic scholar of Islam and also his dominant disciple. During his stay at Pullika he examined the direction of Qibla based on Risalathul Marideen, the work done by Ahmed Aleef, his instructor. After the skill full probe, he concluded that the foundation of Masjid was not laid on the exact direction of Qibla and he appointed some of his student to examine the status of other Masjid also. The appointed student also reached to the same conclusion after the thorough investigation. This incident caused to get a flying start in classifying Muslim scholars into two categories.

1. The first group scholar argued that there is no compulsory to direct to the exact direction of Qibla, but to direct to its part (west part for Keralite ) is enough.
2. Another team including Chalilakath Haji insists that from Calicut, people should turn their face to south northern part at 22o correctly, otherwise the Namaz became in veil.

In the wake of these problems, a famous debate between such a two separate categories of Ulama was held at Pulikkal in September 1908 and it became ever mentioned incident in the history of Kerala Muslims. Koyakutti Sahib who invited Chalilakath to Pulikkal turned against him and pious leaders like Kolloly Ahmed Kutti Musliyar, Yusuf Musliyar, and Kutti Ahmed Musliyar of Thattankara also did so. But then Qazi of Kasaragod, Abdulla Moulavi and Hajji's other disciples backed up him to strengthen this ideas and this unforgettable incident later called as debate or dispute of Inul Qibla. To prove his idea, he wrote a book known as Al Dahava Inul Qibla and Thufathul Akhatab.

Reformation of Arabic-Malayalam script

After the service of Darul Uloom (1909–1914), he went to Chalilakath Valapattanam as per the invitation of Sayyid Imbicha Koya. During his stay at Nalllath, the educational revolution erupted in every parts of Kerala and he felt the need of Arabic- Malayalam reformation to ease the difficulties of students to read books. He began to reform of Arabic–Malayalam script in order to ease the difficulties of his student to read the contemporary subject and to edit some mistakes committed by Sayyid Sanaulla Makti Thangal, who also ventured to such a reform. There were so many people who came forward to reform the Arabic-Malayalam script like Sayyid Sanaulla Makti Thangal (1847–1932), Suleiman Musliyar of Alapuza,Mohammed Abdul Khader Moulavi of Vakkom (1873-1932). But the most considerable and famous reformation in this field belongs to Chalilakath kuunahmed Haji, because all keralites themselves chased and recognized the Chalilakath's reformation and he was called as reformer of Arabic-Malayalam script. Muhammad Abdul Kareem says that "on Hijra 1137, Chalilakath aimed to reform the latter. He wrote it in book and named it as Thasheel Ul Furooq. This was printed in Malharul Muhimmath on 1312h.

Madrasa movement

Historians describe that the Muslims of Kerala fetched religious knowledge by three means

1. Serious of sermon
2. Institution base at masjid and this was used for further studies
3. Madrasa style, which is similar to school style.

In ancient Kerala, Muslims followed Ponnani model to study religious subjects. By early years of this system was threatened to the rise of innovational system. Initially a slight dissatisfaction and discrimination lingered in the minds of Muslims’ scholars. On 1 January 1913, Chalilakath reformed and regulated the Darul Uloom condition with the support of Koyappathoti Muhyaddeen Kutti Haji, he carried out the new system that Darul Uloom various educational condition. He wanted to follow such a reformation and he described his goal through such a reformation. It was the unprecedented reforms and turning point in the Islamic history.

Rules and regulation: in Darul Uloom

He submitted the new syllabus and curriculum to Darul Uloom to strengthen the religious education, he regulated the periods to the Thafseer, Hadeeth, Fiqh, Manthiq, Mahani, Hisab, Tharik (history), geography, Haiath, Handusa, Munalara, Swarf, Nahv, etc. as well as to enlarge their extra ordinary skills in Arabic language both in oration and writing. Also he motivated them to practice in translation Malayalam to Arabic. He punctuated the periods and requested the co-workers to apply his systematic style in these lives also. He introduced attendance system to note the presence of his students and also the vacation system. He brought library system to Darul Uloom. He motivated his student to engage in all stream of education. He also introduced the study of Malayalam grammar to ease their problems. This was steps forward the renovation of Madrasa system.

No reference no evidence suitable for here

Death

In his life's last days, Kalladi Moidu Kutti Sahib drew his emotion by encouraging him to be in Mannarakad masjid. Henceforth, he worked in Mannarkad masjid until his departure. He had aimed at Mannarkad to risen its reputation and fame with highest possible expedition. Moidu Kutti had promised his physically and financial support. He breathed his last on Saturday Safar 5, Hijra 1338(1919) and his mortal body was carried from Mannarkad to his one land ‘Tirurangadi’ by bullock cart. He was buried in same burial ground in which his uncle Ali Hassan was buried before. Nowadays this grave can be found in Tharammal masjid, Thirurangadi. After his death, Quran was recited up to 40 days in front of his grave.

References

1. Kerala and he felt the need of Arabic- Malayalam reformation to ease the difficulties of students to read books. He began to reform of Arabic–Malayalam script in order to ease the difficulties of his student to read the contemporary subject and to edit some mistakes committed by Sayyid Sanaulla Makti Thangal, who also ventured to such a reform. There were so many people who came forward to reform the Arabic-Malayalam script like Sayyid Sanaulla Makti Thangal (1847–1932), Suleiman Musliyar of Alapuza,Mohammed Abdul Khader Moulavi of Vakkom (1873-1932). But the most considerable and famous reformation in this field belongs to Chalilakath kuunahmed Haji, because all keralites themselves chased and recognized the Chalilakath’s reformation and he was called as reformer of Arabic-Malayalam script. Muhammad Abdul Kareem says that "on Hijra 1137, Chalilakath aimed to reform the latter. He wrote it in book and named it as Thasheel Ul Furooq. This was printed in Malharul Muhimmath on 1312h ..."
2. U. Muhammed (2007). Educational Empowerment of Kerala Muslims: A Socio-historical Perspective. p. 33. ISBN 9788190388733. Retrieved 3 March 2020. In the field of Madrasa reformation in Kerala, the name of Moulana Chalilakath Kunhahamed Haji (d. AD 1919) can never be forgotten. His experiments centred round Darul Uloom of Vazhakkad.This institution was originally established in ...
3. Abdul Razack P P. Colonialism and community formation in malabar a study of muslims of malabar (PDF). p. 114. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
4. Abdul Rehman H. Vakkom Moulavi and the Renaissance Movement among the Muslims. Conclusion: University of Kerala-Shodhganga. p. 257. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
5. Journal of Kerala studies Volume 9 University of Kerala - 1982 - Page 84 Chalilakath Kunhahammad Haji is rightly called the father of modern Arabic Madrasas and Arabic Colleges in Kerala. Vakkam Abdul Qadir Moulavi and his Reforms While the Islamic educational reforms of Moulana Chalilakath ..."
6. Muhammed Rafeeq, T. Development of Islamic movement in Kerala in modern times (PDF). Abstract. p. 3. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
7. Yōgīndar Sikand - Bastions of the Believers: Madrasas And Islamic Education in India 2005- Page 124 "in Kerala, and one of their aims was the reform of the Islamic education system. One of the pioneers in the field of Islamic educational reform in Kerala was Moulavi Chalilakath Mun Muhammad Haj i. In 1909 he was appointed headmaster of ..."
8. M. Usman. "Chapter 4". The role of voluntary agencies in human resource development a case study of orphanages in Malappuram district (PDF). University of Calicut-Shodhganga. p. 109. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
9. . Archived from the original on 5 September 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
10. U. Muhammed (2007). Educational Empowerment of Kerala Muslims: A Socio-historical Perspective. p. 59. ISBN 9788190388733. Retrieved 3 March 2020. The name of this eminent educationist and reformer will always be remembered with respect in the history of Muslim education in Kerala. He revolutionized the stereotyped, traditional Dars system that was in vogue at his time and introduced new methods and techniques in the teaching of Arabic, Quran, traditions and Islamic History. Unlike the orthodox Ulama he encouraged his students to read newspapers and literary works by reputed authors which made them conversant in current topics.