The Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会主席; pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì Zhǔxí) was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. The position was established at the 8th National Congress in 1945 and abolished at the 12th National Congress in 1982, being replaced by the general secretary. Offices with the name Chairman of the Central Executive Committee and Chairman of the Central Committee existed in 1922–1923 and 1928–1931, respectively.
Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
Between 1922 and 1925, Chen Duxiu (still Party Secretary) served as chairman of the Central Executive Committee (Chinese: 中央执行委员会委员长), but the name was changed to General Secretary of the Central Executive Committee in 1925. The post was first introduced in March 1943, when the Politburo decided to discharge Zhang Wentian as General Secretary. As his replacement, Mao Zedong, who had been the de facto leader of the party since the Long March, was named Chairman of the Politburo of the CCP Central Committee (Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局主席). The 7th CCP National Congress introduced the post of Chairman of the Central Committee into the Party Constitution, and in 1956 the General Secretary was given the day-to-day management of the Party Secretariat.
Although Hua Guofeng succeeded Mao as party chairman, by 1978 he had lost power to vice chairman Deng Xiaoping, who at that point had become the de facto leader of China. By the 1980s, the CCP leadership desired to prevent a single leader from rising above the party, as Mao had done. Accordingly, the post of chairman was abolished in 1982.[1] Most of its functions were transferred to the revived post of General Secretary. The party's last chairman, Hu Yaobang, transferred to the post of General Secretary.
Functionsedit
The chairman was elected by the Central Committee in a plenary session and had full powers over the Central Committee, the Politburo, and its Standing Committee.
The 1956 Party Constitution introduced the multiple vice chairman post; since 1945, actual vice chairmanship had been exercised by the Secretariat members. Liu Shaoqi was the highest-ranking vice-chairman from 1956 to 1966.
The 1969 Party Constitution (adopted by the 9th Congress) introduced the post of a single vice chairman, in order to give more authority to Lin Biao as Mao's successor. The 1973 Constitution (adopted by the 10th Congress) re-introduced the collective vice chairmanship. In 1976, Hua Guofeng was named first vice chairman of the Central Committee, a post previously held unofficially by Liu Shaoqi from 1956 to 1966; Zhou Enlai from 1973 to 1975; and Deng Xiaoping in 1975 in the capacity of "Vice Chairman in charge of the day-to-day work of the Central Committee".
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See also Leader of the Chinese Communist Party This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Chinese 中国共产党中央委员会主席 pinyin Zhōngguo Gongchǎndǎng Zhōngyang Weiyuanhui Zhǔxi was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party The position was established at the 8th National Congress in 1945 and abolished at the 12th National Congress in 1982 being replaced by the general secretary Offices with the name Chairman of the Central Executive Committee and Chairman of the Central Committee existed in 1922 1923 and 1928 1931 respectively Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party中国共产党中央委员会主席 Chinese Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party 1942 1996 Flag of the Chinese Communist Party 1942 1996 Longest servingMao Zedong20 March 1943 9 September 1976Central Committee of the Chinese Communist PartyStyleChairman 主席 informal Comrade 同志 formal TypeParty leader supreme leaderMember ofPolitburo Standing CommitteeReports toCentral CommitteeSeatZhongnanhai Beijing ChinaNominatorCentral CommitteeAppointerCentral CommitteeTerm lengthFive years renewableConstituting instrumentParty ConstitutionPrecursorGeneral Secretary 1921 1943 Formation20 March 1943 80 years ago 1943 03 20 First holderMao ZedongFinal holderHu YaobangAbolished1 September 1982 41 years ago 1982 09 01 Superseded byGeneral SecretaryUnofficial namesParamount leader LingxiuDeputyVice Chairman 1956 1982 Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist PartySimplified Chinese中国共产党中央委员会主席Traditional Chinese中國共產黨中央委員會主席TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinZhōngguo Gongchǎndǎng Zhōngyang Weiyuanhui ZhǔxiCommonly abbreviated asChinese中共中央主席TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinZhōnggong Zhōngyang Zhǔxi Contents 1 History 2 Functions 3 List of chairmen 3 1 Chairman of the Central Politburo 3 2 Chairman of the Central Committee 4 ReferencesHistory editBetween 1922 and 1925 Chen Duxiu still Party Secretary served as chairman of the Central Executive Committee Chinese 中央执行委员会委员长 but the name was changed to General Secretary of the Central Executive Committee in 1925 The post was first introduced in March 1943 when the Politburo decided to discharge Zhang Wentian as General Secretary As his replacement Mao Zedong who had been the de facto leader of the party since the Long March was named Chairman of the Politburo of the CCP Central Committee Chinese 中国共产党中央政治局主席 The 7th CCP National Congress introduced the post of Chairman of the Central Committee into the Party Constitution and in 1956 the General Secretary was given the day to day management of the Party Secretariat Although Hua Guofeng succeeded Mao as party chairman by 1978 he had lost power to vice chairman Deng Xiaoping who at that point had become the de facto leader of China By the 1980s the CCP leadership desired to prevent a single leader from rising above the party as Mao had done Accordingly the post of chairman was abolished in 1982 1 Most of its functions were transferred to the revived post of General Secretary The party s last chairman Hu Yaobang transferred to the post of General Secretary Functions editThe chairman was elected by the Central Committee in a plenary session and had full powers over the Central Committee the Politburo and its Standing Committee The 1956 Party Constitution introduced the multiple vice chairman post since 1945 actual vice chairmanship had been exercised by the Secretariat members Liu Shaoqi was the highest ranking vice chairman from 1956 to 1966 The 1969 Party Constitution adopted by the 9th Congress introduced the post of a single vice chairman in order to give more authority to Lin Biao as Mao s successor The 1973 Constitution adopted by the 10th Congress re introduced the collective vice chairmanship In 1976 Hua Guofeng was named first vice chairman of the Central Committee a post previously held unofficially by Liu Shaoqi from 1956 to 1966 Zhou Enlai from 1973 to 1975 and Deng Xiaoping in 1975 in the capacity of Vice Chairman in charge of the day to day work of the Central Committee The 1975 Chinese Constitution reinforced the influence of the party on the state The Central Committee and by extension its chairman was placed before the National People s Congress Article 15 made the Chairman the commander in chief of the People s Liberation Army the Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party leads all the armed forces of the country These changes were reversed by the 1982 Constitution of the People s Republic of China which placed the Party below the State citation needed and created a state Central Military Commission CMC in parallel to the Party CMC List of chairmen editMain article Leader of the Chinese Communist Party Chairman of the Central Politburo edit Portrait Name birth death Term of office Ref Took office Left office Time in office nbsp Mao Zedong 1893 1976 20 March 1943 19 June 1945 2 years 91 daysChairman of the Central Committee edit Portrait Name birth death Term of office Ref Took office Left office Time in office nbsp Mao Zedong 1893 1976 19 June 1945 9 September 1976 31 years 82 days nbsp Hua Guofeng 1921 2008 7 October 1976 28 June 1981 4 years 264 days nbsp Hu Yaobang 1915 1989 29 June 1981 11 September 1982 1 year 74 daysReferences edit China Role of the CCP at Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party amp oldid 1175814239, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
