Cerro Bola
The Cerro Bola is a coastal metavolcanic mountain formation in northwestern Baja California. The Cerro Bola, along with the nearby mountain Cerro Gordo form the highest elevation areas of Tijuana Municipality. Because of its prominence, the transmitters for television station XHDTV and radio station XHPRS-FM[4] are located on the summit of Cerro Bola, which reaches an elevation of 1,260 m (4,130 ft).[1][2] It is located approximately 35 km (22 mi) south of the Tecate border crossing,[5] and sits at the southwest end of the Valle de Las Palmas.[6] The mountain range is host to a number of rare and endemic plant species, such as Arctostaphylos bolensis and Ceanothus bolensis.[7]
| Cerro Bola | |
|---|---|
Cerro Bola (Mexico) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,260 m (4,130 ft)[1][2] |
| Prominence | 720 m (2,360 ft)[3] |
| Isolation | 32.24 km (20.03 mi)[3] |
| Geography | |
| Location | Baja California, Mexico |
| Range coordinates | 32°18′50″N 116°39′54″W / 32.313876°N 116.665056°W |
| Topo map | San Luis I11D71 1:50,000 |
| Geology | |
| Type of rock | Metavolcanic rock |
Geography edit
Situated at the southwestern end of the Valle de Las Palmas, but to the southeast of the Abelardo L. Rodríguez Dam, the Cerro Bola formation and its surroundings contains some of the highest points of Tijuana Municipality, reaching up to 1,260 m (4,130 ft) in elevation.[1][2] The Cerro Bola and the Cerro Gordo form the two prominent metavolcanic peaks in the area, while to the south of the peaks, the landscape transforms into volcanic tablelands.[8][9]
Hiking edit
A 7 km (4.3 mi) out-and-back trail (SP-CBO-10 "Cerro Bola") provides access to the summit of the mountain, offering panoramic views at the top.[10] The strenuous hike is a Class 2 on the Yosemite Decimal System and takes about 3 hours to complete, with an elevation gain of about 988 m (3,241 ft). The trail was inaugurated in November of 2019 by the Secretary of Sustainable Economy and Tourism of the State of Baja California, Mario Escobedo Carignan, as part of an effort to increase the number of destinations in the region for nature tourism and hiking. The project was financed by the Tecate Economic Development Commission.[11] The trailhead is located in the Valle de Las Palmas, off of Mexican Federal Highway 3.[10]
Ecology edit
The Cerro Bola and Cerro Gordo formation are a representative of a "sky island" coastal bioclimatic zone, which includes other mountains such as Otay, Sycuan, McGinty, Cerro San Ysidro, and Tecate Peak. These mountains all hold some of the largest remaining areas of intact Diegan coastal sage scrub, mafic chaparral, and gabbroic and metavolcanic soils that support numerous endemic plant species. The mafic chaparral on the Cerro Bola hosts endemic species, alongside distributions of some other rare species only found on the other "sky islands." The pristine status of the habitat and number of rare and endemic plants have made the area of high priority to conservationists.[9][12]
In the mafic chaparral, two endemic species are found, the Bola manzanita, Arctostaphylos bolensis and the Bola ceanothus, Ceanothus bolensis. C. bolensis is frequently found on the mountain from elevations of 1,000 m (3,300 ft) to the peak at 1,290 m (4,230 ft), and less commonly found from at least 500 m (1,600 ft), commonly occurring with Chamaebatia australis.[5]
Large groves of Cupressus forbesii are present in the foothills and mesas in the southern part of the mountain range,[13] with some occasional stands of Pinus attenuata among them.[14] Canyon live oak, Quercus chrysolepis, is also present in northern exposures of peaks in the range.[15] Ceanothus papillosus only appears in Baja California on this peak.[16] Some rare fragrant shrubs in the mint family are also present on the mountain. The heart-leaf pitcher sage, Lepechinia cardiophylla, is found on the mountain's peak,[17] along with San Miguel savory, Clinopodium chandleri, which can be found on the chaparral of the north slope.[18]
On the eastern side of the Cerro Bola, the westernmost population of California fan palm, Washingtonia filifera, is found.[9] Growing in arroyos and canyons draining down from the mountain, it is also the only natural population of fan palm found on the western side of the Peninsular Ranges divide. Surrounding the mountain in the clay terraces of the Valle de Las Palmas are numerous vernal pools, which include rare species such as Navarretia prostrata and an undescribed species of Pogogyne.[9][12]
See also edit
Citations edit
- ^ a b c IMPLAN 2020, p. 52.
- ^ a b c IMPLAN 2022, p. 50.
- ^ a b "Cerro Bola, Mexico". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
- ^ Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes (1 April 2005). "ASUNTO: XHBCE-FM Ensenada, B.C., 105.7 MHz. Se autoriza cambio de ubicación de la antena y planta transmisora y aumento de potencia radiada aparente" (PDF) (in Spanish). IFT Public Registry of Concessions. Retrieved 4 July 2022. (XHBCE-FM became XHPRS-FM in 2010)
- ^ a b Boyd & Keeley 2002, p. 289.
- ^ Minnich 1987, p. 102.
- ^ Rebman, Gibson & Rich 2016.
- ^ Conservation Biology Institute 2004, p. 5.
- ^ a b c d Conservation Biology Institute 2004, pp. 24–25.
- ^ a b Fry 2021.
- ^ BC Reporteros 2019.
- ^ a b Conservation Biology Institute 2015, pp. 32–33.
- ^ Minnich 1987, p. 107.
- ^ Minnich 1987, p. 111.
- ^ Minnich 1987, p. 122.
- ^ Rebman, Gibson & Rich 2016, p. 242.
- ^ Rebman, Gibson & Rich 2016, p. 181.
- ^ Moran 1970.
References edit
- "Plan Municipal de Desarrollo 2020-2021" (PDF). Instituto Metropolitano de Planeación Tijuana (IMPLAN). 2020.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - "Plan Municipal de Desarrollo 2022-2024". Instituto Metropolitano de Planeación Tijuana (IMPLAN). 2022.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - "Las Californias Binational Conservation Initiative" (PDF). Conservation Biology Institute. September 2004 – via San Diego County.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - "Las Californias Binational Conservation Initiative 2015: a decadal review of conservation status of the California-Baja California border region". Conservation Biology Institute. June 2015.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - "Invitan a senderistas a recorrer «El Cerro Bola», en Valle de Las Palmas". BC Reporteros (in Spanish). Tijuana, Baja California. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
- Fry, Wendy (27 March 2021). "Mapa de las mejores caminatas en Baja California". The San Diego Union Tribune (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 June 2022.
- Rebman, Jon P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016). "Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). San Diego Society of Natural History. 45.
- Boyd, Steve; Keeley, Jon E. (2002). "A NEW CEANOTHUS (RHAMNACEAE) SPECIES FROM NORTHERN BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO". Madroño. 49 (4): 289–294. ISSN 0024-9637.
- Minnich, Richard A. (1987). "THE DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST TREES IN NORTHERN BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO". Madroño. 34 (2): 98–127. ISSN 0024-9637.
- Moran, Reid (6 June 1970). "SD00032565". CCH2 - Consortium of California Herbaria (CCH). San Diego Natural History Museum. Retrieved 28 June 2022.