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Coucal

December 18, 2023

A coucal is one of about 30 species of birds in the cuckoo family. All of them belong in the subfamily Centropodinae and the genus Centropus. Unlike many Old World cuckoos, coucals are not brood parasites, though they do have their own reproductive peculiarity: all members of the genus are (to varying degrees) sex-role reversed, so that the smaller male provides most of the parental care. Male pheasant coucals (Centropus phasianinus) invest in building the nest, incubate for the most part and take a major role in feeding the young.[1] At least one coucal species, the black coucal, is polyandrous.[2]

Coucals
Lesser coucal (Centropus bengalensis)
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Cuculiformes
Family: Cuculidae
Horsfield, 1823
Genus: Centropus
Illiger, 1811
Type species
Cuculus aegyptius (Senegal coucal)
Linnaeus, 1766
Species

About 30, see list

Taxonomy edit

The genus Centropus was introduced in 1811 by the German zoologist Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger.[3] The type species was subsequently designated as the Senegal coucal by George Robert Gray in 1840.[4][5] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek kentron meaning "spur" or "spike" with pous meaning "foot".[6]

Description edit

Many coucals have a long claw on their hind toe (hallux). The feet have minute spurs and this is responsible for the German term for coucals Sporenkuckucke. The common name is perhaps derived from the French coucou and alouette (for the long lark like claw).[7] (Cuvier, in Newton 1896) The length of the claw can be about 68-76% of the tarsus length in the African black coucal C. grillii and lesser coucal C. bengalensis. Only the short-toed coucal C. rectunguis is an exception with the hallux claw of only 23% of the tarsus length. Thread like feather structures (elongated sheaths of the growing feathers that are sometimes termed trichoptiles[8][9]) are found on the head and neck of hatchlings and can be as long as 20mm. Nestlings can look spiny.[10] Many are opportunistic predators, Centropus phasianus is known to attack birds caught in mist nets[11] while white-browed coucals Centropus superciliosus are attracted to smoke from grass fires where they forage for insects and small mammals escaping from the fire.[10]: 17 

Coucals generally make nests inside dense vegetation and they usually have the top covered but some species have the top open. Pheasant coucal Centropus phasianinus, greater coucal C. sinensis and Madagascar coucal C. toulou sometimes build an open nest while some species always build open nests (the bay coucal C. celebensis)[10]: 120 

Some coucal species have been seen to fly while carrying their young.[12]

Species edit

The genus contains 29 species:[13]

A fossil species, Centropus colossus, is known from the Quaternary-aged Fossil Cave, Tantanoola, South Australia.

References edit

  1. ^ Maurer, G. (2008). "Who Cares? Males Provide Most Parental Care in a Monogamous Nesting Cuckoo". Ethology. 114 (6): 540–547. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01498.x.
  2. ^ Andersson, Malte (1995). "Evolution of reversed sex roles, sexual size dimorphism, and mating system in coucals (Centropodidae, Aves)". Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 54 (2): 173–181. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1995.tb01030.x. Archived from the original (Abstract) on 2013-01-05.
  3. ^ Illiger, Johann Karl Wilhelm (1811). Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium (in Latin). Berolini [Berlin]: Sumptibus C. Salfeld. p. 205.
  4. ^ Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 56.
  5. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1940). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 66.
  6. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  7. ^ Newton, Alfred (1893–1896). A Dictionary of Birds. London: Adam and Charles Black. p. 107.
  8. ^ Shelford, R (1900). "On the pterylosis of the embryos and nestlings of Centropus sinensis". Ibis. 6 (4): 654–667. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1900.tb00763.x.
  9. ^ Hindwood, KA (1942). "Nestling Coucal" (PDF). The Emu. 42 (1): 52. doi:10.1071/MU942050c.
  10. ^ a b c Payne, R.B. (2005). The Cuckoos. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850213-3.
  11. ^ Hicks, R.K.; Restall, R. (1992). "Pheasant coucal Centropus phasianus attacking birds caught in a mist net". Muruk. 5: 143.
  12. ^ Bell, H.L. (1984). "Carrying of young in flight by Coucals Centropus spp". Australian Bird Watcher. 10: 171.
  13. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Turacos, bustards, cuckoos, mesites, sandgrouse". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 12 August 2022.

December 18, 2023
coucal, coucal, about, species, birds, cuckoo, family, them, belong, subfamily, centropodinae, genus, centropus, unlike, many, world, cuckoos, coucals, brood, parasites, though, they, have, their, reproductive, peculiarity, members, genus, varying, degrees, ro. A coucal is one of about 30 species of birds in the cuckoo family All of them belong in the subfamily Centropodinae and the genus Centropus Unlike many Old World cuckoos coucals are not brood parasites though they do have their own reproductive peculiarity all members of the genus are to varying degrees sex role reversed so that the smaller male provides most of the parental care Male pheasant coucals Centropus phasianinus invest in building the nest incubate for the most part and take a major role in feeding the young 1 At least one coucal species the black coucal is polyandrous 2 CoucalsLesser coucal Centropus bengalensis Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder CuculiformesFamily CuculidaeHorsfield 1823Genus CentropusIlliger 1811Type speciesCuculus aegyptius Senegal coucal Linnaeus 1766SpeciesAbout 30 see list Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Species 4 ReferencesTaxonomy editThe genus Centropus was introduced in 1811 by the German zoologist Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger 3 The type species was subsequently designated as the Senegal coucal by George Robert Gray in 1840 4 5 The genus name combines the Ancient Greek kentron meaning spur or spike with pous meaning foot 6 Description editMany coucals have a long claw on their hind toe hallux The feet have minute spurs and this is responsible for the German term for coucals Sporenkuckucke The common name is perhaps derived from the French coucou and alouette for the long lark like claw 7 Cuvier in Newton 1896 The length of the claw can be about 68 76 of the tarsus length in the African black coucal C grillii and lesser coucal C bengalensis Only the short toed coucal C rectunguis is an exception with the hallux claw of only 23 of the tarsus length Thread like feather structures elongated sheaths of the growing feathers that are sometimes termed trichoptiles 8 9 are found on the head and neck of hatchlings and can be as long as 20mm Nestlings can look spiny 10 Many are opportunistic predators Centropus phasianus is known to attack birds caught in mist nets 11 while white browed coucals Centropus superciliosus are attracted to smoke from grass fires where they forage for insects and small mammals escaping from the fire 10 17 Coucals generally make nests inside dense vegetation and they usually have the top covered but some species have the top open Pheasant coucal Centropus phasianinus greater coucal C sinensis and Madagascar coucal C toulou sometimes build an open nest while some species always build open nests the bay coucal C celebensis 10 120 Some coucal species have been seen to fly while carrying their young 12 Species editThe genus contains 29 species 13 Buff headed coucal Centropus milo White necked coucal or pied coucal Centropus ateralbus Ivory billed coucal or greater black coucal Centropus menbeki Biak coucal Centropus chalybeus Rufous coucal Centropus unirufus Green billed coucal Centropus chlororhynchos Black faced coucal Centropus melanops Black hooded coucal Centropus steerii Short toed coucal Centropus rectunguis Bay coucal Centropus celebensis Gabon coucal Centropus anselli Black throated coucal Centropus leucogaster Senegal coucal Centropus senegalensis Blue headed coucal Centropus monachus Coppery tailed coucal Centropus cupreicaudus White browed coucal Centropus superciliosus Burchell s coucal Centropus burchellii Sunda coucal Centropus nigrorufus Greater coucal Centropus sinensis Malagasy coucal or Madagascar coucal Centropus toulou Goliath coucal Centropus goliath Black coucal Centropus grillii Philippine coucal Centropus viridis Lesser coucal Centropus bengalensis Violaceous coucal Centropus violaceus Black billed coucal or lesser black coucal Centropus bernsteini Kai coucal Centropus spilopterus Pheasant coucal Centropus phasianinus Andaman coucal or brown coucal Centropus andamanensisA fossil species Centropus colossus is known from the Quaternary aged Fossil Cave Tantanoola South Australia References edit Maurer G 2008 Who Cares Males Provide Most Parental Care in a Monogamous Nesting Cuckoo Ethology 114 6 540 547 doi 10 1111 j 1439 0310 2008 01498 x Andersson Malte 1995 Evolution of reversed sex roles sexual size dimorphism and mating system in coucals Centropodidae Aves Biol J Linn Soc 54 2 173 181 doi 10 1111 j 1095 8312 1995 tb01030 x Archived from the original Abstract on 2013 01 05 Illiger Johann Karl Wilhelm 1811 Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium in Latin Berolini Berlin Sumptibus C Salfeld p 205 Gray George Robert 1840 A List of the Genera of Birds with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus London R and J E Taylor p 56 Peters James Lee ed 1940 Check List of Birds of the World Vol 4 Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard University Press p 66 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 96 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Newton Alfred 1893 1896 A Dictionary of Birds London Adam and Charles Black p 107 Shelford R 1900 On the pterylosis of the embryos and nestlings of Centropus sinensis Ibis 6 4 654 667 doi 10 1111 j 1474 919x 1900 tb00763 x Hindwood KA 1942 Nestling Coucal PDF The Emu 42 1 52 doi 10 1071 MU942050c a b c Payne R B 2005 The Cuckoos Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 850213 3 Hicks R K Restall R 1992 Pheasant coucal Centropus phasianus attacking birds caught in a mist net Muruk 5 143 Bell H L 1984 Carrying of young in flight by Coucals Centropus spp Australian Bird Watcher 10 171 Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds January 2022 Turacos bustards cuckoos mesites sandgrouse IOC World Bird List Version 12 1 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 12 August 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Coucal amp oldid 1186242574, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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