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Cecil Terence Ingold

Cecil Terence Ingold CMG (5 July 1905 – 31 May 2010) was "one of the most influential mycologists of the twentieth century".[1] He was president of the British Mycological Society where he organised the first international congress of mycologists. An entire class of aquatic fungi within the Pleosporales, the Ingoldian fungi,[2] were named after him,[3] although recent DNA studies are changing the scientific names.

Cecil Terence Ingold

Academic career edit

Terence Ingold was born at Blackrock, Dublin and attended school in Bangor, County Down.[4] He studied at Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and in 1926 won a First in his bachelor's degree in Biology and botany, with emphasis on mycology. He made a short study (in the style of A.H.R. Buller) of dispersal patterns of a Podospora species before taking up a scholarship in autumn 1926 at the Royal College of Science, London. Here the teaching and practicals in higher plant physiology by V. H. Blackman and others stimulated and laid a pattern for his later experimental thinking. He awoke to the value of scientific excursions (which became a keynote of his own teaching) through geological forays at Belfast led by J.K. Charlesworth, and taking part in Sir John Farmer's investigation of mountain vegetation in Snowdonia.[5]

In 1927, the year in which he was elected to the Linnean Society of London,[6] he returned to Queen's University for his doctorate in botany which he was awarded in 1930. His dissertation was on systems in plant sap that buffer against changes in pH. During this time he also mapped the vegetation of the summit of Slieve Donard: in 1934 the project was extended, with collaborators, to map the vegetation of the Mourne Mountains as a whole.

University of Reading edit

In 1929 Dr. Ingold received a faculty lectureship in the Department of Botany, then led by Professor J.R. Matthews, at the University of Reading. In 1934 the palaeobotanist T.M. Harris succeeded to the chair, and greatly influenced him by the example of his energy, his immense knowledge of plants in their environment and in laboratory, and his clarity and honesty of intellect.[5] In 1932, at the urging of Walter Buddin, Ingold joined the British Mycological Society.[3]

University of Leicester edit

Involvement with the Society strengthened Dr. Ingold's interests in the Fungi. They had become fully confirmed when, in 1937, he was appointed Lecturer in Charge of the Department of Botany at the University College of Leicester. Harris's constant encouragement and guidance were acknowledged in his book Spore Discharge in Land Plants, then in preparation.[7] Ingold took the opportunity to clear away the preserved specimens and to teach from living plants. The analytic and instructive clarity of his line-drawings from the microscope were a hallmark of his research and teaching. The Leicestershire waters and waterways and their aquatic fungi became a focus of interest studied by a circle of his research students, especially in relation to chytridiaceous parasites of freshwater algae (in which his student Hilda Canter (Lund) became expert[6]), and to aquatic Hyphomycetes. In 1942 he published his seminal work: "Aquatic hyphomycetes of decaying alder leaves".[8]

Birkbeck College, University of London edit

The researches so commenced, and his own particular interest in the hyphomycetes, were continued by Ingold and his students over many years. In 1944 he was appointed to probably the foremost chair in United Kingdom in the field of mycology, at Birkbeck College, University of London.[1] The Department of Botany had been led to prominence since 1909 by Dame Helen Gwynne-Vaughan, pioneer in fungal genetics, who was made Professor in 1921. Following her retirement as Professor Emeritus Ingold first had the task of maintaining its work in the bomb-damaged premises at Fetter Lane during the last months of the War.[6] After the cessation of hostilities he was able to oversee its redevelopment and subsequent move in 1952 to the new Birkbeck College in Malet Street.[5]

At Birkbeck Professor Ingold continued to take a major role in the undergraduate teaching, and was joined in 1946 by his wartime Leicester student Bryan Plunkett[9] as lecturer, who remained with him permanently thereafter. Lectures were customarily illustrated by multiple living cultures prepared in laboratory for use with microscopes. Emphasis on fieldwork, living organisms and plants in their environment was maintained by frequent forays with students to favoured locations. In 1965, with a departmental academic staff of seven, he observed that the increasing need to present Botany as an experimental subject would in future demand greatly enlarged facilities, which might only be achieved by the reorganisation of their work, with other biological colleagues, into a School of Life Sciences.[10] Meanwhile, the Zoological and Botanical departments alternately led the annual expeditions or field trips with students and colleagues for the study of marine environments, for example to Dale Fort near Haverfordwest, Port Erin (Isle of Man), St Peter Port (Guernsey) and to the Scilly Isles.

An MSc course in mycology was developed,[4] and much productive research was undertaken, both into aquatic ascomycetes and hyphomycetes, and in studies of the processes of spore production, release and dispersal. The book Dispersal in fungi (1953) described and emphasised dispersal as a vital problem in the life of fungi.[11] Spore Liberation (1965), not a revision of the former, summarised fields of recent research to reveal how spore liberation was fundamental to understanding the structure of fungal fruiting bodies and bryophyte sporogonia.[12] A full revision combining both works in the light of much further research appeared as Fungal Spores, Their Liberation and Dispersal in 1971.[13] His textbook The Biology of Fungi, for those commencing formal study of fungi, was first published in 1961 and was fully revised in later editions.[14] Professor Ingold retired from post at Birkbeck in 1972, and was succeeded as Professor by the palaeo-botanist W.G. Chaloner.

Service to scientific and educational bodies edit

In the University of London Professor Ingold was Dean of the Faculty of Science (1956–60), Chairman of the University Entrance and School's Examination Council (1958–64), Deputy Vice-Chancellor (1966–68), and Chairman of the Academic Council (1969–72). He served as Vice-Master of Birkbeck College from 1965 to 1970. He was a member of the Inter-Universities' Council for Higher Education Overseas, and its vice-chairman 1969–74. He made special efforts towards the development of the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland.[5] He assisted in setting up the New University of Ulster (Coleraine) and the University of Kent (Canterbury).[4]

Having served on the Council of the Linnean Society from 1955 to 1957, Professor Ingold was its Botanical Secretary from 1962 to 1997, was Vice-President in 1954–55 and 1965–66, and was a gold medallist in 1983. He was twice President of the British Mycological Society (1953 and 1971), and was President of the First International Congress of Mycology at Exeter in 1971. He was also Chairman of the Council of the Freshwater Biological Association 1965–74.[5] He continued to work on fungi for thirty years after his retirement.[1] By 1985, at the age of 80, he had produced 174 scientific publications;[15] and approximately 100 appeared after that date.[6]

His daughter is Patsy Healey[16] and son is the noted anthropologist Tim Ingold.[17]

Contribution to mycology edit

Terence Ingold is best known for his pioneering studies into the mechanism of spore discharge; his textbook The Biology of Fungi (which ran to five editions between 1961 and 1984), and for his discovery of an entirely new group of fungi – the aquatic hyphomycetes – of which more than 300 species are now recognised.[18]

Honours and recognition edit

Major works edit

  • 1939. Spore discharge in land plants. Oxford University Press. 178 pages; illustrated.[20] ASIN B000872J9A
  • 1971. Fungal spores: their liberation and dispersal. Oxford University Press.[21] ISBN 9780198541158
    • This book is a new edition in combined form of Ingold's Dispersal in Fungi (1953)[22] and Spore Liberation (1965).

Eponymous taxa edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c Money, Nicholas P. (2010). "Obituary: Cecil Terence Ingold (1905–2010)". Nature. 465 (7301): 1025. doi:10.1038/4651025a. PMID 20577204. S2CID 38654384.
  2. ^ The Ingoldian fungi are primarily responsible for leaf decay and nutrient recycling in streams. See, e.g., 'Fungi in streams: a leaf nightmare', Cornell Mushroom Blog 24 August 2008 (Cornell University).
  3. ^ a b Dawson, John. . Archived from the original on 1 April 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d Webster, J. (2010). (PDF). Mycologist News, Newsletter of the British Mycological Society (4): 22–23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Plunkett, B.E. (July 1985). "Professor Cecil Terence Ingold C.M.G., D.Sc., F.L.S., Hon. D. Litt. (Ibadan), Hon.D.Sc. (Exeter), Hon.D.C.L. (Kent)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 91 (1–2): i–ix. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1985.tb01130a.x. Reprinted as 'Introduction' in Contributions to Mycology. A Tribute to Professor C.T. Ingold on his eightieth birthday, eds. M.W. Dick, D.N. Pegler & B.C. Sutton (Academic Press/Linnean Society of London 1985),pp. vii–xv.
  6. ^ a b c d e Webster, J. (October 2010). (PDF). The Linnean. 26 (3): 38–41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2016.
  7. ^ C.T. Ingold, Spore Discharge in Land Plants (Oxford University Press, 1939), p. vi.
  8. ^ Ingold, Cecil Terence (1942). "Aquatic hyphomycetes of decaying alder leaves". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 25 (4): 339–417. doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(42)80001-7.
  9. ^ Plunkett's doctorate in the physiology of fruiting in the hymenomycetes was awarded in 1951.
  10. ^ C.T. Ingold, 'Birkbeck Botany', The Lodestone Vol. 55 no. 3 (Diamond Jubilee edition), Summer 1965, pp. 36–37.
  11. ^ C.T. Ingold, Dispersal in Fungi (Oxford University Press 1953).
  12. ^ C.T. Ingold, Spore Liberation (Oxford University Press, 1965)
  13. ^ C.T. Ingold, Fungal Spores, Their Liberation and Dispersal (Oxford University Press, 1971).
  14. ^ C.T. Ingold, The Biology of Fungi (Hutchinson, London 1961): 5th Edition, 1984.
  15. ^ Listed in Contributions to Mycology (1985), pp. xi–xv.
  16. ^ 'HEALEY, Prof. Patsy', Who's Who 2013, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2013; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2012 ; online edn, Nov 2012 accessed 29 May 2013
  17. ^ Marren, Peter (18 June 2010). "Professor C Terence Ingold: Foremost authority on the study of fungi whose work spanned eight decades". The Independent. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
  18. ^ a b c Hawksworth, David L. (PDF). IMA Fungus. International Mycological Association. pp. 17–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  19. ^ M.W. Dick, D.N. Pegler & B.C. Sutton (eds), Contributions to Mycology. A Tribute to Professor C.T. Ingold on his eightieth birthday (Academic Press/Linnean Society of London 1985).
  20. ^ "Review of Spore Discharge in Land Plants by C. T. Ingold". Nature. 144 (3658): 959–960. 1939. Bibcode:1939Natur.144R.959.. doi:10.1038/144959b0. S2CID 4076024.
  21. ^ Olive, Lindsay S. (1972). "Review of Fungal Spores: Their Liberation and Dispersal by C. T. Ingold". Science. 175 (4018): 161. doi:10.1126/science.175.4018.161.a.
  22. ^ Gregory, P. H. (1954). "Review of Dispersal in Fungi by C. T. Ingold" (PDF). Nature. 173 (4397): 230. doi:10.1038/173230a0. S2CID 4266797.
  23. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Ingold.

Other sources edit

  • Webster John (2005). "Centenary of a mycologist: C. Terence Ingold". Mycological Research. 109 (7): 753–754. doi:10.1017/s0953756205223559.

External links edit

  Media related to Cecil Terence Ingold at Wikimedia Commons

cecil, terence, ingold, july, 1905, 2010, most, influential, mycologists, twentieth, century, president, british, mycological, society, where, organised, first, international, congress, mycologists, entire, class, aquatic, fungi, within, pleosporales, ingoldia. Cecil Terence Ingold CMG 5 July 1905 31 May 2010 was one of the most influential mycologists of the twentieth century 1 He was president of the British Mycological Society where he organised the first international congress of mycologists An entire class of aquatic fungi within the Pleosporales the Ingoldian fungi 2 were named after him 3 although recent DNA studies are changing the scientific names Cecil Terence Ingold Contents 1 Academic career 1 1 University of Reading 1 2 University of Leicester 1 3 Birkbeck College University of London 1 4 Service to scientific and educational bodies 2 Contribution to mycology 3 Honours and recognition 4 Major works 5 Eponymous taxa 6 See also 7 Notes 8 Other sources 9 External linksAcademic career editTerence Ingold was born at Blackrock Dublin and attended school in Bangor County Down 4 He studied at Queen s University in Belfast Northern Ireland and in 1926 won a First in his bachelor s degree in Biology and botany with emphasis on mycology He made a short study in the style of A H R Buller of dispersal patterns of a Podospora species before taking up a scholarship in autumn 1926 at the Royal College of Science London Here the teaching and practicals in higher plant physiology by V H Blackman and others stimulated and laid a pattern for his later experimental thinking He awoke to the value of scientific excursions which became a keynote of his own teaching through geological forays at Belfast led by J K Charlesworth and taking part in Sir John Farmer s investigation of mountain vegetation in Snowdonia 5 In 1927 the year in which he was elected to the Linnean Society of London 6 he returned to Queen s University for his doctorate in botany which he was awarded in 1930 His dissertation was on systems in plant sap that buffer against changes in pH During this time he also mapped the vegetation of the summit of Slieve Donard in 1934 the project was extended with collaborators to map the vegetation of the Mourne Mountains as a whole University of Reading edit In 1929 Dr Ingold received a faculty lectureship in the Department of Botany then led by Professor J R Matthews at the University of Reading In 1934 the palaeobotanist T M Harris succeeded to the chair and greatly influenced him by the example of his energy his immense knowledge of plants in their environment and in laboratory and his clarity and honesty of intellect 5 In 1932 at the urging of Walter Buddin Ingold joined the British Mycological Society 3 University of Leicester edit Involvement with the Society strengthened Dr Ingold s interests in the Fungi They had become fully confirmed when in 1937 he was appointed Lecturer in Charge of the Department of Botany at the University College of Leicester Harris s constant encouragement and guidance were acknowledged in his book Spore Discharge in Land Plants then in preparation 7 Ingold took the opportunity to clear away the preserved specimens and to teach from living plants The analytic and instructive clarity of his line drawings from the microscope were a hallmark of his research and teaching The Leicestershire waters and waterways and their aquatic fungi became a focus of interest studied by a circle of his research students especially in relation to chytridiaceous parasites of freshwater algae in which his student Hilda Canter Lund became expert 6 and to aquatic Hyphomycetes In 1942 he published his seminal work Aquatic hyphomycetes of decaying alder leaves 8 Birkbeck College University of London edit The researches so commenced and his own particular interest in the hyphomycetes were continued by Ingold and his students over many years In 1944 he was appointed to probably the foremost chair in United Kingdom in the field of mycology at Birkbeck College University of London 1 The Department of Botany had been led to prominence since 1909 by Dame Helen Gwynne Vaughan pioneer in fungal genetics who was made Professor in 1921 Following her retirement as Professor Emeritus Ingold first had the task of maintaining its work in the bomb damaged premises at Fetter Lane during the last months of the War 6 After the cessation of hostilities he was able to oversee its redevelopment and subsequent move in 1952 to the new Birkbeck College in Malet Street 5 At Birkbeck Professor Ingold continued to take a major role in the undergraduate teaching and was joined in 1946 by his wartime Leicester student Bryan Plunkett 9 as lecturer who remained with him permanently thereafter Lectures were customarily illustrated by multiple living cultures prepared in laboratory for use with microscopes Emphasis on fieldwork living organisms and plants in their environment was maintained by frequent forays with students to favoured locations In 1965 with a departmental academic staff of seven he observed that the increasing need to present Botany as an experimental subject would in future demand greatly enlarged facilities which might only be achieved by the reorganisation of their work with other biological colleagues into a School of Life Sciences 10 Meanwhile the Zoological and Botanical departments alternately led the annual expeditions or field trips with students and colleagues for the study of marine environments for example to Dale Fort near Haverfordwest Port Erin Isle of Man St Peter Port Guernsey and to the Scilly Isles An MSc course in mycology was developed 4 and much productive research was undertaken both into aquatic ascomycetes and hyphomycetes and in studies of the processes of spore production release and dispersal The book Dispersal in fungi 1953 described and emphasised dispersal as a vital problem in the life of fungi 11 Spore Liberation 1965 not a revision of the former summarised fields of recent research to reveal how spore liberation was fundamental to understanding the structure of fungal fruiting bodies and bryophyte sporogonia 12 A full revision combining both works in the light of much further research appeared as Fungal Spores Their Liberation and Dispersal in 1971 13 His textbook The Biology of Fungi for those commencing formal study of fungi was first published in 1961 and was fully revised in later editions 14 Professor Ingold retired from post at Birkbeck in 1972 and was succeeded as Professor by the palaeo botanist W G Chaloner Service to scientific and educational bodies edit In the University of London Professor Ingold was Dean of the Faculty of Science 1956 60 Chairman of the University Entrance and School s Examination Council 1958 64 Deputy Vice Chancellor 1966 68 and Chairman of the Academic Council 1969 72 He served as Vice Master of Birkbeck College from 1965 to 1970 He was a member of the Inter Universities Council for Higher Education Overseas and its vice chairman 1969 74 He made special efforts towards the development of the University of Botswana Lesotho and Swaziland 5 He assisted in setting up the New University of Ulster Coleraine and the University of Kent Canterbury 4 Having served on the Council of the Linnean Society from 1955 to 1957 Professor Ingold was its Botanical Secretary from 1962 to 1997 was Vice President in 1954 55 and 1965 66 and was a gold medallist in 1983 He was twice President of the British Mycological Society 1953 and 1971 and was President of the First International Congress of Mycology at Exeter in 1971 He was also Chairman of the Council of the Freshwater Biological Association 1965 74 5 He continued to work on fungi for thirty years after his retirement 1 By 1985 at the age of 80 he had produced 174 scientific publications 15 and approximately 100 appeared after that date 6 His daughter is Patsy Healey 16 and son is the noted anthropologist Tim Ingold 17 Contribution to mycology editTerence Ingold is best known for his pioneering studies into the mechanism of spore discharge his textbook The Biology of Fungi which ran to five editions between 1961 and 1984 and for his discovery of an entirely new group of fungi the aquatic hyphomycetes of which more than 300 species are now recognised 18 Honours and recognition editIn 1970 the Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George CMG was awarded to Ingold for his work in higher education in both Africa and Jamaica as well as the UK 18 In 1974 he delivered the Hooker Lecture and he was awarded the Linnean Medal for Botany in 1983 6 In 1985 the Society published a Festschrift in his honour 19 He received honorary degrees from the Universities of Ibadan Kent and Exeter 5 He was elected Corresponding Member of the Botanical Society of America 5 In 1996 he was awarded the De Bary Award by the International Mycological Association for lifetime achievement in mycological research particularly contributions to our knowledge of fungal spore release and dispersal and the recognition of aquatic fungi as ecological specialists 18 In 1998 he received the Millennium Botanical Award and Botanical Congress Gold Medal from the International Botanical Congress 4 Major works edit1939 Spore discharge in land plants Oxford University Press 178 pages illustrated 20 ASIN B000872J9A 1971 Fungal spores their liberation and dispersal Oxford University Press 21 ISBN 9780198541158 This book is a new edition in combined form of Ingold s Dispersal in Fungi 1953 22 and Spore Liberation 1965 Eponymous taxa editIngoldia Ingoldiella Ingoldiomyces Acaromyces ingoldii Bensingtonia ingoldii Lindgomyces ingoldianus Lophiostoma ingoldianum Massarina ingoldiana Pseudocercophora ingoldii The standard author abbreviation Ingold is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 23 See also editCategory Taxa named by Cecil Terence IngoldNotes edit a b c Money Nicholas P 2010 Obituary Cecil Terence Ingold 1905 2010 Nature 465 7301 1025 doi 10 1038 4651025a PMID 20577204 S2CID 38654384 The Ingoldian fungi are primarily responsible for leaf decay and nutrient recycling in streams See e g Fungi in streams a leaf nightmare Cornell Mushroom Blog 24 August 2008 Cornell University a b Dawson John Who s in a name Ingoldian fungi Archived from the original on 1 April 2012 a b c d Webster J 2010 Obituary Professor Terence Ingold 1905 2010 PDF Mycologist News Newsletter of the British Mycological Society 4 22 23 Archived from the original PDF on 5 October 2016 a b c d e f g Plunkett B E July 1985 Professor Cecil Terence Ingold C M G D Sc F L S Hon D Litt Ibadan Hon D Sc Exeter Hon D C L Kent Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 91 1 2 i ix doi 10 1111 j 1095 8339 1985 tb01130a x Reprinted as Introduction in Contributions to Mycology A Tribute to Professor C T Ingold on his eightieth birthday eds M W Dick D N Pegler amp B C Sutton Academic Press Linnean Society of London 1985 pp vii xv a b c d e Webster J October 2010 Obituary Professor Terence Ingold PDF The Linnean 26 3 38 41 Archived from the original PDF on 27 April 2016 C T Ingold Spore Discharge in Land Plants Oxford University Press 1939 p vi Ingold Cecil Terence 1942 Aquatic hyphomycetes of decaying alder leaves Transactions of the British Mycological Society 25 4 339 417 doi 10 1016 s0007 1536 42 80001 7 Plunkett s doctorate in the physiology of fruiting in the hymenomycetes was awarded in 1951 C T Ingold Birkbeck Botany The Lodestone Vol 55 no 3 Diamond Jubilee edition Summer 1965 pp 36 37 C T Ingold Dispersal in Fungi Oxford University Press 1953 C T Ingold Spore Liberation Oxford University Press 1965 C T Ingold Fungal Spores Their Liberation and Dispersal Oxford University Press 1971 C T Ingold The Biology of Fungi Hutchinson London 1961 5th Edition 1984 Listed in Contributions to Mycology 1985 pp xi xv HEALEY Prof Patsy Who s Who 2013 A amp C Black an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc 2013 online edn Oxford University Press Dec 2012 online edn Nov 2012 accessed 29 May 2013 Marren Peter 18 June 2010 Professor C Terence Ingold Foremost authority on the study of fungi whose work spanned eight decades The Independent Retrieved 29 August 2015 a b c Hawksworth David L Obituary C Terence Ingold 1905 2010 PDF IMA Fungus International Mycological Association pp 17 18 Archived from the original PDF on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 28 August 2015 M W Dick D N Pegler amp B C Sutton eds Contributions to Mycology A Tribute to Professor C T Ingold on his eightieth birthday Academic Press Linnean Society of London 1985 Review of Spore Discharge in Land Plants by C T Ingold Nature 144 3658 959 960 1939 Bibcode 1939Natur 144R 959 doi 10 1038 144959b0 S2CID 4076024 Olive Lindsay S 1972 Review of Fungal Spores Their Liberation and Dispersal by C T Ingold Science 175 4018 161 doi 10 1126 science 175 4018 161 a Gregory P H 1954 Review of Dispersal in Fungi by C T Ingold PDF Nature 173 4397 230 doi 10 1038 173230a0 S2CID 4266797 International Plant Names Index Ingold Other sources editWebster John 2005 Centenary of a mycologist C Terence Ingold Mycological Research 109 7 753 754 doi 10 1017 s0953756205223559 External links edit nbsp Media related to Cecil Terence Ingold at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cecil Terence Ingold amp oldid 1172385263, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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