Carlotta Stewart Lai (September 16, 1881 – July 6, 1952) was an educator and administrator in the Hawaiian public schools for four decades.[1] She was the first African American school principal in Honolulu.[2][3] Lai, an African American from New York, worked as a teacher and educational leader at a time when these occupations were largely closed to African Americans on the U. S. mainland, and she achieved professional success at a time when African Americans represented only 0.2 percent of the population of Hawaii.[4]
1907 photo of (from left to right) Carlotta Stewart Lai's brother, McCants Stewart, along with his daughter Mary Katherine Stewart, Carlotta Stewart Lai (standing), McCants Stewart's wife Mayme Delia Weir (seated), and McCants Stewart's sister-in-law Harriett Anna Weir.
Lai was born in 1881 in Brooklyn, New York to Thomas McCants Stewart and Charlotte L. Harris Stewart.[5] She was the third child and the only daughter, and she attended public school in Brooklyn.[6] Her brothers, McCants Stewart and Gilchrist Stewart, both became attorneys.[6] Her father, Thomas McCants Stewart, was an attorney and writer in New York, who was also involved in party politics in the field of voting rights.[7] Her mother was a graduate of Wilberforce University.[8] Lai's maternal aunt was Verina Morton-Jones, an physician, charter founder of the Brooklyn NAACP, and co-founder of the Urban League.[6]
When she was 18 years old in 1898, she moved to Hawai'i with her father and stepmother.[6] Her father decided to move the family to Hawai'i in hopes of furthering his legal career.[7] He was able to develop his legal practice advocating for "all varieties of people in diverse Honolulu,” and helped draft Honolulu's City Charter.[2]
When her father left Hawaii in 1905, Lai remained and never again returned to the U.S. mainland.[6] Despite not having her family with her in Hawai'i, Lai had a vibrant social life with close friends and involvement in activities such as dances, parties, baseball games, and vacations.[6] Scholars postulate that this social involvement, along with her professional progress and ability to "reside openly in an integrated community," may have been some reasons why Lai decided to remain in Hawai'i.[5][6]
Education
Lai attended Oahu College (now Punahou School) for one year where she participated in the school's literary society and played on the girls' basketball team. In 1902, she earned a Normal School teaching certification,[9] which qualified her to teach in Hawai'i's public schools.[5][6]
Career
Lai began her teaching career at Sacred Hearts Convent.[10]
In 1909, when she was 28 years old, Lai was principal of Ko'olau Elementary School in Kauai, where she taught children from many different races and ethnic backgrounds.[6] This achievement has been described as "striking for a Black woman in a society where Blacks had no political influence... or where few Blacks resided."[6]
In 1933, Lai became principal of Hanamaulu School, now the site of King Kaumualii Elementary School in Kauai.[11] At Hanamaulu School, Lai was not only the principal, but she also supervised the library and cafeteria, and taught English.[6]
Lai attended professional conferences of the Hawai'i Education Association and the Kaua'i Education Association.[6]
In 1916, Lai married Yun Tim Lai, a car salesman of Chinese descent who was born in 1886 in Kauai.[5][6] Lai was close friends with her sister-in-law, Ruth Aki Ching, who was later named as the executor and a benefactor of her will.[6] Lai's husband died unexpectedly in 1935 during a visit to Hong Kong.[5] They had no children, and she did not remarry.[6]
Lai died at the Manoa Convalescent Home on July 6, 1952.[5][12]
^Broussard, Albert S. (2005). "Stewart-Lai, Carlotta". Oxford African American Studies Center. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.44422. ISBN978-0-19-530173-1. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
^ abSharma, Nitasha Tamar (2019-05-04). "Over two centuries: Black people in nineteenth-century Hawaiʻi". American Nineteenth Century History. 20 (2): 115–140. doi:10.1080/14664658.2019.1650459. ISSN 1466-4658. S2CID 202267109.
^"Black History in Hawaii: visible and invisible blackness". KHON2. 2020-02-15. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
^Hudson, Lynn; Broussard, Albert S. (March 2000). "African-American Odyssey: The Stewarts, 1853–1963". The Journal of American History. 86 (4): 1777. doi:10.2307/2567631. JSTOR 2567631.
^ abcdefBroussard, Albert (2007-01-18). "Carlotta Stewart Lai (1881–1952) •". Black Past. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
^ abcdefghijklmnopBroussard, Albert S. (1990). "Carlotta Stewart Lai, a Black Teacher in the Territory of Hawai'i". The Hawaiian Journal of History. 24: 129–154.
^ abBroussard, Albert S. (August 1, 2016). "Stewart, Thomas McCants". South Carolina Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
^Broussard, Albert S. (1988). "McCants Stewart: The Struggles of a Black Attorney in the Urban West". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 89 (2): 157–179. ISSN 0030-4727. JSTOR 20614176.
^Henderson, Lorraine (March 25, 1997). "Black women helped early island schools". The Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
^Hornsby, Alton, editor. Black America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 1, Greenwood, 2011. ABC-CLIO, publisher.abc-clio.com/EGR4112, p. 222.
^ abSololeski, Hank (2019-07-14). "Hanamaulu School Principal Carlotta Stewart Lai". The Garden Island. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
^Black women in America : an historical encyclopedia. Hine, Darlene Clark., Brown, Elsa Barkley., Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1994. ISBN0-253-32774-1. OCLC 28334683.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^"Stewart – Flippin Family". Manuscript Division Finding Aids. Howard University, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center. 2015-10-01.
External links
The Popolo Project
The Black Experience in Hawaii
Identity Struggles
January 25, 2023
carlotta, stewart, september, 1881, july, 1952, educator, administrator, hawaiian, public, schools, four, decades, first, african, american, school, principal, honolulu, african, american, from, york, worked, teacher, educational, leader, time, when, these, oc. Carlotta Stewart Lai September 16 1881 July 6 1952 was an educator and administrator in the Hawaiian public schools for four decades 1 She was the first African American school principal in Honolulu 2 3 Lai an African American from New York worked as a teacher and educational leader at a time when these occupations were largely closed to African Americans on the U S mainland and she achieved professional success at a time when African Americans represented only 0 2 percent of the population of Hawaii 4 Carlotta Stewart LaiLai around age 19Born 1881 09 16 September 16 1881Brooklyn New YorkDiedJuly 6 1952 1952 07 06 aged 70 Honolulu HawaiiNationalityAmericanEducationOahu College Punahou School Occupation s Teacher school principalSpouseYun Tim LaiParent s Thomas McCants Stewart Charlotte L Harris StewartRelativesMcCant Stewart Gilchrist Stewart siblings Contents 1 Early life 2 Education 3 Career 4 Personal 5 References 6 External linksEarly life Edit 1907 photo of from left to right Carlotta Stewart Lai s brother McCants Stewart along with his daughter Mary Katherine Stewart Carlotta Stewart Lai standing McCants Stewart s wife Mayme Delia Weir seated and McCants Stewart s sister in law Harriett Anna Weir Lai was born in 1881 in Brooklyn New York to Thomas McCants Stewart and Charlotte L Harris Stewart 5 She was the third child and the only daughter and she attended public school in Brooklyn 6 Her brothers McCants Stewart and Gilchrist Stewart both became attorneys 6 Her father Thomas McCants Stewart was an attorney and writer in New York who was also involved in party politics in the field of voting rights 7 Her mother was a graduate of Wilberforce University 8 Lai s maternal aunt was Verina Morton Jones an physician charter founder of the Brooklyn NAACP and co founder of the Urban League 6 When she was 18 years old in 1898 she moved to Hawai i with her father and stepmother 6 Her father decided to move the family to Hawai i in hopes of furthering his legal career 7 He was able to develop his legal practice advocating for all varieties of people in diverse Honolulu and helped draft Honolulu s City Charter 2 When her father left Hawaii in 1905 Lai remained and never again returned to the U S mainland 6 Despite not having her family with her in Hawai i Lai had a vibrant social life with close friends and involvement in activities such as dances parties baseball games and vacations 6 Scholars postulate that this social involvement along with her professional progress and ability to reside openly in an integrated community may have been some reasons why Lai decided to remain in Hawai i 5 6 Education EditLai attended Oahu College now Punahou School for one year where she participated in the school s literary society and played on the girls basketball team In 1902 she earned a Normal School teaching certification 9 which qualified her to teach in Hawai i s public schools 5 6 Career EditLai began her teaching career at Sacred Hearts Convent 10 In 1909 when she was 28 years old Lai was principal of Ko olau Elementary School in Kauai where she taught children from many different races and ethnic backgrounds 6 This achievement has been described as striking for a Black woman in a society where Blacks had no political influence or where few Blacks resided 6 In 1933 Lai became principal of Hanamaulu School now the site of King Kaumualii Elementary School in Kauai 11 At Hanamaulu School Lai was not only the principal but she also supervised the library and cafeteria and taught English 6 Lai attended professional conferences of the Hawai i Education Association and the Kaua i Education Association 6 She retired from teaching in 1944 after 41 years of service with the Hawaii Department of Education 6 11 Personal EditIn 1916 Lai married Yun Tim Lai a car salesman of Chinese descent who was born in 1886 in Kauai 5 6 Lai was close friends with her sister in law Ruth Aki Ching who was later named as the executor and a benefactor of her will 6 Lai s husband died unexpectedly in 1935 during a visit to Hong Kong 5 They had no children and she did not remarry 6 Lai died at the Manoa Convalescent Home on July 6 1952 5 12 Correspondence and other papers related to Lai s family history is archived at Howard University 13 pursuant to a donation by Katherine Stewart Flippin Lai s niece and longtime special education teacher in San Francisco California References Edit Broussard Albert S 2005 Stewart Lai Carlotta Oxford African American Studies Center doi 10 1093 acref 9780195301731 013 44422 ISBN 978 0 19 530173 1 Retrieved 2020 06 19 a b Sharma Nitasha Tamar 2019 05 04 Over two centuries Black people in nineteenth century Hawaiʻi American Nineteenth Century History 20 2 115 140 doi 10 1080 14664658 2019 1650459 ISSN 1466 4658 S2CID 202267109 Black History in Hawaii visible and invisible blackness KHON2 2020 02 15 Retrieved 2020 06 19 Hudson Lynn Broussard Albert S March 2000 African American Odyssey The Stewarts 1853 1963 The Journal of American History 86 4 1777 doi 10 2307 2567631 JSTOR 2567631 a b c d e f Broussard Albert 2007 01 18 Carlotta Stewart Lai 1881 1952 Black Past Retrieved 2020 06 19 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Broussard Albert S 1990 Carlotta Stewart Lai a Black Teacher in the Territory of Hawai i The Hawaiian Journal of History 24 129 154 a b Broussard Albert S August 1 2016 Stewart Thomas McCants South Carolina Encyclopedia Retrieved 2020 06 19 Broussard Albert S 1988 McCants Stewart The Struggles of a Black Attorney in the Urban West Oregon Historical Quarterly 89 2 157 179 ISSN 0030 4727 JSTOR 20614176 Henderson Lorraine March 25 1997 Black women helped early island schools The Honolulu Advertiser Retrieved June 19 2020 Hornsby Alton editor Black America A State by State Historical Encyclopedia vol 1 Greenwood 2011 ABC CLIO publisher abc clio com EGR4112 p 222 a b Sololeski Hank 2019 07 14 Hanamaulu School Principal Carlotta Stewart Lai The Garden Island Retrieved 2020 06 19 Black women in America an historical encyclopedia Hine Darlene Clark Brown Elsa Barkley Terborg Penn Rosalyn Bloomington Indiana University Press 1994 ISBN 0 253 32774 1 OCLC 28334683 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Stewart Flippin Family Manuscript Division Finding Aids Howard University Moorland Spingarn Research Center 2015 10 01 External links EditThe Popolo Project The Black Experience in Hawaii Identity Struggles Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carlotta Stewart Lai amp oldid 1066992760, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
