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San Crisogono, Rome

April 10, 2024

San Crisogono is a church in Rome (rione Trastevere) dedicated to the martyr Saint Chrysogonus. It was one of the tituli, the first parish churches of Rome, and was probably built in the 4th century under Pope Sylvester I (314–335).

San Crisogono
Basilica of Saint Chrysogonus (in English)
Sancti Crisogoni (in Latin)
The church
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
41°53′21″N 12°28′25″E / 41.889100°N 12.473732°E / 41.889100; 12.473732
LocationPiazza Sonnino 44, Rome
CountryItaly
DenominationRoman Catholic
TraditionRoman Rite
History
StatusTitular church, minor basilica
DedicationSaint Chrysogonus
Architecture
Architect(s)Giovanni Battista Soria
Architectural typeChurch
StyleRomanesque (campanile), Baroque (basilica)
Groundbreaking4th century AD?
Completed17th century
Administration
DistrictLazio
ProvinceRome
Clergy
Cardinal protectorAndrew Yeom Soo-jung

The area beneath the sacristy was investigated by Fr. L. Manfredini and Fr. C. Piccolini in 1907. They found remains of the first church. The area was then excavated and studied.

The church is served by Trinitarians. Among the previous Cardinal Priests was Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci (1853–1878), elected Pope Leo XIII. San Crisogono is the station church for Monday, the fifth week of Lent.

History edit

Built in the 4th century under Pope Sylvester I (314–335), San Crisogono is one of the first parish churches of Rome. Chrysogonus was martyred in Aquileia probably during the persecution of Diocletian, was buried there, and publicly venerated by the faithful of that region. Very early the veneration of this martyr was transferred to Rome. The first mentioned of the church (Titulus Chrysogoni) is in the signatures of the Roman Synod of 499. It is possible that the founder of the church was a certain Chrysogonus, and that, on account of the similarity of name, the church was soon devoted to the veneration of the martyr of Aquileia; it is also possible that from the beginning, for some unknown reason, it was consecrated to St. Chrysogonus and takes its name from him.[1]

In 731 Pope Gregory III restored the church and founded a monastery dedicated to Sancti Stephani, Laurentii et Chrysogoni. The original monks were of the Byzantine rite. The church was rebuilt in 1123t by John of Crema, and again in 1626 by Giovanni Battista Soria, funded by Scipione Borghese.[2]

A further renovation was carried out in the mid-1860s, shortly after the basilica was placed in the care of the Trinitarian Order.[3]

Art and architecture edit

 
Interior

The bell tower dates from the 12th century rebuilding. The interior of the church was rebuilt in the 1620s on the site of a 12th-century church. The 22 granite columns in the nave are reused antique columns. The floor is cosmatesque. The confessio in the sanctuary area is from the 8th century.[4] The high altar is from 1127, with a baldachino from (1627 or 1641) by G.B Soria.

The painting in the middle of the Baroque coffered ceiling is by Guercino, and depicts the Glory of Saint Chrysogonus. It is likely a copy of the original,[5] which is thought to have been taken to London.

On the left side of the nave is the shrine of Blessed Anna Maria Taigi, buried here in the habit of a tertiary of the Trinitarians. Blessed Anna Maria Taigi (1769-1837) was a Christian mystic beatified in 1920. Above the altar is a painting by Aronne Del Vecchio of the Trinitarian Saints in Glory.[6] Visitors can view some of her other belongings in the adjacent monastery, where they are venerated as relics.

The monument at the left of the entrance, dedicated to Cardinal Giovanno Jacopo Millo was completed by Carlo Marchionni and Pietro Bracci. Along the right side of the nave are the remains of frescoes, including a Santa Francesca Romana and a Crucifixion, attributed to Paolo Guidotti and transferred from the Church of Saints Barbara and Catherine. The nave also displays a painting of Three Archangels by Giovanni da San Giovanni and a Trinity and Angels by Giacinto Gimignani, while the altar has a Guardian Angel by Ludovico Gimignani. The presbytery and ciborium (or baldachin), created by Soria, are surrounded by four alabaster columns. The apse has frescoes of the Life of Saint Crisogono (16th century) above a Madonna & Child with Saints Crisogono & James by the 12th century school of Pietro Cavallini. The presbytery vault is frescoed with a Virgin by Giuseppe Cesari.[7]

The inscriptions found in San Crisogono, a valuable source illustrating the history of the church, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.[8]

Excavations edit

Remains from the first church, possibly from the reign of Constantine I were discovered in 1907, and are accessed by a staircase in the sacristy. A semi-circular apse is visible. Brickwork in the apse area, datable to the 2nd century, seem to relate to a fairly high-status private house, part of which was converted into a church in the 4th century. The church had a single nave.[9]

On either side of the apse are rooms known as pastophoria, service rooms of a type common in Eastern churches. The one on the right-hand side is thought to have been used as a diaconium, with functions resembling those of the sacristy. The other may have been a baptistry. A number of basins found there during the excavations, including one cut into the south wall, could mean that it was a fullonica, a laundry and dye-house.[9] The area was a commercial district at the time, so this is quite likely. Others think that the basin in the south wall was made for baptism by immersion. As there were other basins too, it seems more likely that it was originally intended for a different use, but it may very well have been used as a baptismal font after the building had been consecrated as a church.[4]

Benedictines acquired the premises in the 10th century and added a series of frescoes depicting scenes from the life of Benedict of Nursia.[4] Other frescoes are from the 8th to the 11th century, and include Pope Sylvester Capturing the Dragon, St Pantaleon Healing the Blind Man, and The Rescue of St Placid.

Several sarcophagi have been preserved here, some beautifully decorated. Below the first church are remains of earlier Roman houses.[9]

Liturgy edit

The shrine was for many centuries the national church of the Sardinians and the Corsicans resident in Rome. Starting with the 16th century, the Corsicans immigrated in the city settled in the Tiber Island and in that part of Trastevere lying between the Port of Ripa Grande and the church. In the interior are buried several commanders of the Corsican Guard,[2] a militia analogue to the Swiss guard, which was active in Rome between the 15th and the 17th century.

The feast day of St Chrysogonus, 24 November, is also the dedication day of the church. Pilgrims and other faithful who attend Mass on this day receive a plenary indulgence.

Cardinal priests of San Crisogono edit

References edit

  1. ^ Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Chrysogonus." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 21 November 2022   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ a b "Basilica of San Crisogono ", Religiana
  3. ^ "Monday: San Crisogono", PNAC
  4. ^ a b c "San Crisogono", Churches of Rome
  5. ^ "Basilica of Saint Crisogono", Turismo Roma, Major Events, Sport, Tourism and Fashion Department
  6. ^ Margaret Varnell Clark (2013). Walking Through Rome. iUniverse. ISBN 978-1475981308. [page needed]
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
  8. ^ V. Forcella, Inscrizioni delle chese e d' altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume II (Roma: Fratelli Bencini, 1873), pp. 167-192.
  9. ^ a b c "Basilica of San Crisogono", Atlas Obscura, September 9, 2019
  10. ^ Gregorovius IV. 1, pp. 98-99. Charles Radding and Francis Newton, Theology, Rhetoric, and Politics in the Eucharistic controversy, 1078–1079, (Columbia University Press, 2003), 89.
  11. ^ R. Hüls, Kardinal, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130, Tübingen 1977, p. 175.
  12. ^ Hüls, pp. 175-176.
  13. ^ Hüls, pp. 176-178.

Bibliography edit

  • Apollonj-Ghetti, Bruno Maria (1966). S. Crisogono. Le chiese di Roma illustrate, 92. (Roma, 1966). (in Italian)
  • Cigola, Michela, "La basilica di s. Crisogono in Roma. Un rilievo critico", numero monografico del Bollettino del Centro di Studi per la Storia dell'Architettura, n. 35, Roma, dicembre 1989. (in Italian)
  • Cigola M., "La basilica paleocristiana di san Crisogono," Archeologia XXV, numero 6/7, giugno luglio 1986, pp. 14–15. (in Italian)
  • Cigola M., "La basilica di san Crisogono in Roma," Alma Roma XXV, numero 5–6, settembre-dicembre 1984, pp. 45–57. (in Italian)

External links edit

  • High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of San Crisogono | Art Atlas
  • Photographs, Liturgical Arts Journal

  Media related to San Crisogono (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
Santi Cosma e Damiano 		Landmarks of Rome
San Crisogono, Rome 		Succeeded by
Santa Croce in Via Flaminia

April 10, 2024
crisogono, rome, crisogono, church, rome, rione, trastevere, dedicated, martyr, saint, chrysogonus, tituli, first, parish, churches, rome, probably, built, century, under, pope, sylvester, crisogonobasilica, saint, chrysogonus, english, sancti, crisogoni, lati. San Crisogono is a church in Rome rione Trastevere dedicated to the martyr Saint Chrysogonus It was one of the tituli the first parish churches of Rome and was probably built in the 4th century under Pope Sylvester I 314 335 San CrisogonoBasilica of Saint Chrysogonus in English Sancti Crisogoni in Latin The churchClick on the map for a fullscreen view41 53 21 N 12 28 25 E 41 889100 N 12 473732 E 41 889100 12 473732LocationPiazza Sonnino 44 RomeCountryItalyDenominationRoman CatholicTraditionRoman RiteHistoryStatusTitular church minor basilicaDedicationSaint ChrysogonusArchitectureArchitect s Giovanni Battista SoriaArchitectural typeChurchStyleRomanesque campanile Baroque basilica Groundbreaking4th century AD Completed17th centuryAdministrationDistrictLazioProvinceRomeClergyCardinal protectorAndrew Yeom Soo jungThe area beneath the sacristy was investigated by Fr L Manfredini and Fr C Piccolini in 1907 They found remains of the first church The area was then excavated and studied The church is served by Trinitarians Among the previous Cardinal Priests was Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci 1853 1878 elected Pope Leo XIII San Crisogono is the station church for Monday the fifth week of Lent Contents 1 History 2 Art and architecture 3 Excavations 4 Liturgy 5 Cardinal priests of San Crisogono 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksHistory editBuilt in the 4th century under Pope Sylvester I 314 335 San Crisogono is one of the first parish churches of Rome Chrysogonus was martyred in Aquileia probably during the persecution of Diocletian was buried there and publicly venerated by the faithful of that region Very early the veneration of this martyr was transferred to Rome The first mentioned of the church Titulus Chrysogoni is in the signatures of the Roman Synod of 499 It is possible that the founder of the church was a certain Chrysogonus and that on account of the similarity of name the church was soon devoted to the veneration of the martyr of Aquileia it is also possible that from the beginning for some unknown reason it was consecrated to St Chrysogonus and takes its name from him 1 In 731 Pope Gregory III restored the church and founded a monastery dedicated to Sancti Stephani Laurentii et Chrysogoni The original monks were of the Byzantine rite The church was rebuilt in 1123t by John of Crema and again in 1626 by Giovanni Battista Soria funded by Scipione Borghese 2 A further renovation was carried out in the mid 1860s shortly after the basilica was placed in the care of the Trinitarian Order 3 Art and architecture edit nbsp InteriorThe bell tower dates from the 12th century rebuilding The interior of the church was rebuilt in the 1620s on the site of a 12th century church The 22 granite columns in the nave are reused antique columns The floor is cosmatesque The confessio in the sanctuary area is from the 8th century 4 The high altar is from 1127 with a baldachino from 1627 or 1641 by G B Soria The painting in the middle of the Baroque coffered ceiling is by Guercino and depicts the Glory of Saint Chrysogonus It is likely a copy of the original 5 which is thought to have been taken to London On the left side of the nave is the shrine of Blessed Anna Maria Taigi buried here in the habit of a tertiary of the Trinitarians Blessed Anna Maria Taigi 1769 1837 was a Christian mystic beatified in 1920 Above the altar is a painting by Aronne Del Vecchio of the Trinitarian Saints in Glory 6 Visitors can view some of her other belongings in the adjacent monastery where they are venerated as relics The monument at the left of the entrance dedicated to Cardinal Giovanno Jacopo Millo was completed by Carlo Marchionni and Pietro Bracci Along the right side of the nave are the remains of frescoes including a Santa Francesca Romana and a Crucifixion attributed to Paolo Guidotti and transferred from the Church of Saints Barbara and Catherine The nave also displays a painting of Three Archangels by Giovanni da San Giovanni and a Trinity and Angels by Giacinto Gimignani while the altar has a Guardian Angel by Ludovico Gimignani The presbytery and ciborium or baldachin created by Soria are surrounded by four alabaster columns The apse has frescoes of the Life of Saint Crisogono 16th century above a Madonna amp Child with Saints Crisogono amp James by the 12th century school of Pietro Cavallini The presbytery vault is frescoed with a Virgin by Giuseppe Cesari 7 The inscriptions found in San Crisogono a valuable source illustrating the history of the church have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella 8 Excavations editRemains from the first church possibly from the reign of Constantine I were discovered in 1907 and are accessed by a staircase in the sacristy A semi circular apse is visible Brickwork in the apse area datable to the 2nd century seem to relate to a fairly high status private house part of which was converted into a church in the 4th century The church had a single nave 9 On either side of the apse are rooms known as pastophoria service rooms of a type common in Eastern churches The one on the right hand side is thought to have been used as a diaconium with functions resembling those of the sacristy The other may have been a baptistry A number of basins found there during the excavations including one cut into the south wall could mean that it was a fullonica a laundry and dye house 9 The area was a commercial district at the time so this is quite likely Others think that the basin in the south wall was made for baptism by immersion As there were other basins too it seems more likely that it was originally intended for a different use but it may very well have been used as a baptismal font after the building had been consecrated as a church 4 Benedictines acquired the premises in the 10th century and added a series of frescoes depicting scenes from the life of Benedict of Nursia 4 Other frescoes are from the 8th to the 11th century and include Pope Sylvester Capturing the Dragon St Pantaleon Healing the Blind Man and The Rescue of St Placid Several sarcophagi have been preserved here some beautifully decorated Below the first church are remains of earlier Roman houses 9 Liturgy editThe shrine was for many centuries the national church of the Sardinians and the Corsicans resident in Rome Starting with the 16th century the Corsicans immigrated in the city settled in the Tiber Island and in that part of Trastevere lying between the Port of Ripa Grande and the church In the interior are buried several commanders of the Corsican Guard 2 a militia analogue to the Swiss guard which was active in Rome between the 15th and the 17th century The feast day of St Chrysogonus 24 November is also the dedication day of the church Pilgrims and other faithful who attend Mass on this day receive a plenary indulgence Cardinal priests of San Crisogono editStephen 745 752 Priest elected Pope but died before consecration Frederick of Lorraine 1057 1057 appointed 14 June elected pope 2 August 10 Bernard degli Uberti 1097 1111 Bishop of Parma Gregorius c 1111 1113 11 Theodericus c 1113 1116 12 Giovanni da Crema c 1117 before 1137 13 Berardo dei Marsi 1130 1136 Bishop of Avezzano Bernardo 1136 1138 Priest Guido Bellagi 1138 1158 Priest Ardicio Rivoltella 1158 1165 Priest Pietro 1173 1180 Meaux Bonadies de Bonadie 1186 1186 Priest Stephen Langton 1205 1228 Archbishop of Canterbury Robert Somercotes 1239 1241 Priest Raymond Le Roux January 1325 November 1325 Protonotarius Apostolico Pierre Cyriac 20 September 1342 1351 Priest Guy de Boulogne 1351 1373 Archbishop of Lyon Corrado Caracciolo 12 June 1405 15 February 1411 Bishop of Mileto Antao Martins de Chavez 8 July 1440 6 July 1447 Bishop of Porto Antonio Cerda i Lloscos 17 February 1448 12 September 1459 Archbishop of Modena Giacomo Ammannati Piccolomini 8 January 1462 17 August 1477 Bishop of Pavia Girolamo Basso della Rovere 17 September 1479 31 August 1492 Bishop of Renacati Giovanni Battista Ferrari 5 January 1500 20 July 1502 Bishop of Modena Adriano di Castello 12 June 1503 5 July 1518 Bishop of Hereford Albrecht von Brandenburg 5 July 1518 5 January 1521 Bishop of Mainz Eberhard von Der Mark 5 January 1521 27 February 1538 Archbishop of Valencia Girolamo Aleandro 20 March 1538 1 February 1542 Archbishop of Brindisi Oria Pietro Bembo 15 February 1542 17 October 1544 Bishop of Bergamo Uberto Gambara 17 October 1544 14 February 1549 Bishop of Tortona Jean du Bellay 25 February 1549 28 February 1550 Archbishop of Bourdeaux Antoine Sanguin de Meudon 28 February 1550 25 November 1559 Bishop of Limoges Cristoforo Madruzzo 16 January 1560 13 March 1560 Bishop of Brixen Jean Bertrand 13 March 1560 4 December 1560 Archbishop of Sens Charles II de Bourbon Vendome 15 January 1561 9 May 1590 Archbishop of Rouen Domenico Pinelli 14 January 1591 22 April 1602 Bishop of Fermo Camillo Borghese 22 April 1602 16 May 1605 Bishop of Montalcino Carlo Conti 1 June 1605 17 August 1605 Bishop of Ancona e Umana Scipione Caffarelli Borghese 17 August 1605 2 October 1633 Archbishop of Bologna Pietro Maria Borghese 19 December 1633 15 June 1642 Priest Fausto Poli 31 August 1643 7 October 1653 Bishop of Orvieto Lorenzo Imperiali 23 March 1654 21 September 1673 Priest Giovanni Battista Spada 24 September 1673 23 January 1675 Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals Carlo Pio di Savoia 28 January 1675 1 December 1681 Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni 1 December 1681 13 November 1684 Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for the Faith Guilio Spinola 13 November 1684 28 February 1689 Bishop of Lucca Fabrizio Spada 23 May 1689 30 April 1708 elevated to Cardinal Priest of Santa Prassede Filippo Antonio Gualterio 30 April 1708 29 January 1724 elevated to Cardinal Priest of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere Prospero Marefoschi 29 January 1725 19 November 1725 elevated to Cardinal Priest of San Callisto Giulio Alberoni 20 September 1728 29 August 1740 elevated to Cardinal Priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina Sigismund von Kollonitsch 29 August 1740 12 April 1751 Giovanni Giacomo Millo 10 December 1753 16 November 1757 Giovanni Battista Rovero 2 August 1758 9 October 1766 Filippo Maria Pirelli 1 December 1766 10 January 1771 Francesco Maria Banditi 18 December 1775 27 January 1796 Vincenzo Pecci 22 December 1853 20 February 1878 elected pope Leo XIII Friedrich Egon von Furstenberg 27 February 1880 20 August 1892 Philipp Krementz 19 January 1893 6 May 1899 Francesco di Paola Cassetta 22 June 1899 27 March 1905 elevated to Cardinal Bishop of Sabina Pietro Maffi 18 April 1907 17 March 1931 Theodor Innitzer 13 March 1933 9 October 1955 Antonio Maria Barbieri 15 December 1958 6 July 1979 Bernard Yago 2 February 1983 5 October 1997 Paul Shan Kuo hsi 21 February 1998 22 August 2012 Andrew Yeom Soo jung 2 February 2014 present References edit Kirsch Johann Peter St Chrysogonus The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 3 New York Robert Appleton Company 1908 21 November 2022 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain a b Basilica of San Crisogono Religiana Monday San Crisogono PNAC a b c San Crisogono Churches of Rome Basilica of Saint Crisogono Turismo Roma Major Events Sport Tourism and Fashion Department Margaret Varnell Clark 2013 Walking Through Rome iUniverse ISBN 978 1475981308 page needed Romecity entry Archived from the original on 2007 02 10 Retrieved 2007 02 14 V Forcella Inscrizioni delle chese e d altre edifici di Roma dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI Volume II Roma Fratelli Bencini 1873 pp 167 192 a b c Basilica of San Crisogono Atlas Obscura September 9 2019 Gregorovius IV 1 pp 98 99 Charles Radding and Francis Newton Theology Rhetoric and Politics in the Eucharistic controversy 1078 1079 Columbia University Press 2003 89 R Huls Kardinal Klerus und Kirchen Roms 1049 1130 Tubingen 1977 p 175 Huls pp 175 176 Huls pp 176 178 Bibliography editApollonj Ghetti Bruno Maria 1966 S Crisogono Le chiese di Roma illustrate 92 Roma 1966 in Italian Cigola Michela La basilica di s Crisogono in Roma Un rilievo critico numero monografico del Bollettino del Centro di Studi per la Storia dell Architettura n 35 Roma dicembre 1989 in Italian Cigola M La basilica paleocristiana di san Crisogono Archeologia XXV numero 6 7 giugno luglio 1986 pp 14 15 in Italian Cigola M La basilica di san Crisogono in Roma Alma Roma XXV numero 5 6 settembre dicembre 1984 pp 45 57 in Italian External links editHigh resolution 360 Panoramas and Images of San Crisogono Art Atlas Photographs Liturgical Arts Journal nbsp Media related to San Crisogono Rome at Wikimedia Commons Preceded bySanti Cosma e Damiano Landmarks of RomeSan Crisogono Rome Succeeded bySanta Croce in Via Flaminia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title San Crisogono Rome amp oldid 1177002732, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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