The Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913–1916 was a scientific expedition in the Arctic Circle organized and led by Vilhjalmur Stefansson.[1] The expedition was originally to be sponsored by the (US) National Geographic Society and the American Museum of Natural History. Canada took over the sponsorship because of the potential for discovery of new land and Stefansson, who though born in Canada was now an American, re-established his Canadian citizenship. The expedition was divided into a Northern Party led by Stefansson, and a Southern Party led by R M. Anderson.
Vilhjalmur Stefansson 1915Dr. Rudolph Martin Anderson
The objective of the Northern Party was to explore for new land north and west of the known lands of the Canadian Arctic. At this time the possible existence of large undiscovered land masses, comparable to the Canadian Arctic islands or even a small continent, was scientifically plausible. The approach of the Northern Party, besides simply going out and looking for land, was a program of through-ice depth soundings to map the edge of the continental shelf. Meteorological, magnetic, and marine biological investigations were also planned.
Southern Partyedit
The objective of the Southern Party was scientific documentation of the geography, geology, resources, wildlife, and people of the Mackenzie River delta and adjacent regions of Canada between Cape Parry and the Kent Peninsula, for about 100 mi (160 km) inland, and southern and eastern Victoria Island. Copper deposits and trade routes were of particular interest.
Resultsedit
1913 was a particularly bad year for Arctic navigation. All of the expedition ships were frozen in before they could reach their initial destination of Herschel Island. The principal ship of the expedition, the Karluk, was carried off and eventually crushed by the ice, leading to the loss of eleven lives before a famous rescue. Most of the Southern Party had travelled in other ships of the expedition, and Stefansson left the Karluk with a party of five before the ship was carried off. Stefansson promptly purchased a small schooner, the North Star, reconstituted the Northern Party with local hires and resumed exploring. Only one of the fourteen Karluk survivors rejoined the expedition. The expedition purchased another ship, the Polar Bear, in 1915. The Southern Party remained in the North through the summer of 1916, exploring and mapping as far east as Bathurst Inlet. Some members of the Northern Party continued exploring through 1918. The expedition discovered land previously unknown even to the Inuit [2] (including Brock, Mackenzie King, Borden, Meighen, Lougheed and Stefansson Islands),[3] produced valuable data, and launched the careers of several explorers and scientists. The controversies it engendered persisted for decades.
^Niven, Jennifer (2000). The Ice Master. New York: Hyperion. ISBN0-7868-8446-0.
^Gray, D. New Lands: explorations of the Northern Party
^Stefansson, Vilhjalmur (1922). The Friendly Arctic: The Story of Five Years in Polar Regions. New York: Macmillan.
Sourcesedit
Bartlett, Robert A.; Hale, Ralph T. (1916). The last voyage of the Karluk : flagship of Vilhjalmar Stefansson's Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913–16. McClelland, Toronto.
Bovet, John A. (1979) Archivaria 9 pp. 254–255 [Review of] Stefansson and the Canadian Arctic [1]
Diubaldo, Richard J. Stefansson and the Canadian Arctic McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 1998 ISBN0773518150
Gray, David. The People of the CAE. Northern Party with a contribution from Jette Elsebeth Ashlee. Canadian Museum of Civilization
Gray, David. Canada's little arctic navy. The ships of the CAE. Canadian Museum of Civilization
Gray, David. New Lands: explorations of the Northern Party Canadian Museum of Civilization
Gray, David. New knowledge: Science and the Southern Party. Canadian Museum of Civilization
Jenness, Stuart Edward. The Making of an Explorer: George Hubert Wilkins and the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913–1916. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 2004. accessed April 26, 2009.
Levy, Buddy (2022). Empire of Ice and Stone. St. Martin's Press, United States. ISBN978-1-250-27444-1.
New York Times September 18, 1915 Stefansson's quest to test a theory
Stefansson, Vilhjalmur (1921) The friendly Arctic; the story of five years in polar regions. Macmillan, New York
Further readingedit
Stuart Jenness (ed) (1991). Arctic Odyssey: Diary of Diamond Jenness, 1913–1916[ISBN missing]
Hunt, William R. (1986). Stef: A Biography of Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Canadian Arctic Explorer University of British Columbia Press. ISBN0774802472.
Levere, Trevor H. (2004). Science and the Canadian Arctic: A Century of Exploration, 1818–1918 Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0521524919.
Montgomery, Richard. Pechuck. Kessinger Publishing, 2005 (originally published by Dodd Mead 1932) ISBN1417997559
McKinlay, William Laird (1999). The Last Voyage of the Karluk: A Survivor's Memoir of Arctic Disaster. St. Martin's Press. ISBN0312206550.
Niven, Jennifer (2000). The Ice Master: The Doomed 1913 Voyage of the Karluk. Hyperion. ISBN0786865296.
Harold Noice (1924). With Stefansson in the Arctic; Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, [2]
Gisli Palsson "The legacy of Vilhjalmur Stefansson"
F. A. McDiarmid "Geographical Determinations of the Canadian Arctic Expedition" The Geographical Journal Vol. 62, No. 4 (Oct., 1923), pp. 293–302
External linksedit
Northern people, northern knowledge. The story of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913–1918 An extensive and detailed online exhibit from the Canadian Museum of Civilization. Particularly strong on the roles of local Inuit, and other Arctic residents hired for the expedition. Specific sections of this website are cited above as references attributed to David Gray, the principal researcher and writer of the exhibit.
Anne Mease Explorers and Northern Exploration Northern Research Portal, University of Saskatchewan. A multi-part article including a section on Stefansson.
Karsten Andersen Manuscripts at Dartmouth College Library
The Papers of Harold Noice at Dartmouth College Library
The Papers of Burt McConnell at Dartmouth College Library
James Crawford Diaries and Photographs at Dartmouth College Library
The Papers of Storker T. Storkerson at Dartmouth College Library
January 01, 1970
canadian, arctic, expedition, 1913, 1916, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, july, 2009, learn, when, remove, thi. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2009 Learn how and when to remove this message The Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 1916 was a scientific expedition in the Arctic Circle organized and led by Vilhjalmur Stefansson 1 The expedition was originally to be sponsored by the US National Geographic Society and the American Museum of Natural History Canada took over the sponsorship because of the potential for discovery of new land and Stefansson who though born in Canada was now an American re established his Canadian citizenship The expedition was divided into a Northern Party led by Stefansson and a Southern Party led by R M Anderson Vilhjalmur Stefansson 1915 Dr Rudolph Martin Anderson Contents 1 Northern Party 2 Southern Party 3 Results 4 See also 5 References 6 Sources 7 Further reading 8 External linksNorthern Party editThe objective of the Northern Party was to explore for new land north and west of the known lands of the Canadian Arctic At this time the possible existence of large undiscovered land masses comparable to the Canadian Arctic islands or even a small continent was scientifically plausible The approach of the Northern Party besides simply going out and looking for land was a program of through ice depth soundings to map the edge of the continental shelf Meteorological magnetic and marine biological investigations were also planned Southern Party editThe objective of the Southern Party was scientific documentation of the geography geology resources wildlife and people of the Mackenzie River delta and adjacent regions of Canada between Cape Parry and the Kent Peninsula for about 100 mi 160 km inland and southern and eastern Victoria Island Copper deposits and trade routes were of particular interest Results edit1913 was a particularly bad year for Arctic navigation All of the expedition ships were frozen in before they could reach their initial destination of Herschel Island The principal ship of the expedition the Karluk was carried off and eventually crushed by the ice leading to the loss of eleven lives before a famous rescue Most of the Southern Party had travelled in other ships of the expedition and Stefansson left the Karluk with a party of five before the ship was carried off Stefansson promptly purchased a small schooner the North Star reconstituted the Northern Party with local hires and resumed exploring Only one of the fourteen Karluk survivors rejoined the expedition The expedition purchased another ship the Polar Bear in 1915 The Southern Party remained in the North through the summer of 1916 exploring and mapping as far east as Bathurst Inlet Some members of the Northern Party continued exploring through 1918 The expedition discovered land previously unknown even to the Inuit 2 including Brock Mackenzie King Borden Meighen Lougheed and Stefansson Islands 3 produced valuable data and launched the careers of several explorers and scientists The controversies it engendered persisted for decades See also edit nbsp Geography portal nbsp Canada portal Diamond Jenness Robert Bartlett explorer Hubert Wilkins Christian Theodore Pedersen Voyage of the Karluk Ernest de Koven LeffingwellReferences edit Niven Jennifer 2000 The Ice Master New York Hyperion ISBN 0 7868 8446 0 Gray D New Lands explorations of the Northern Party Stefansson Vilhjalmur 1922 The Friendly Arctic The Story of Five Years in Polar Regions New York Macmillan Sources editBartlett Robert A Hale Ralph T 1916 The last voyage of the Karluk flagship of Vilhjalmar Stefansson s Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913 16 McClelland Toronto Bovet John A 1979 Archivaria 9 pp 254 255 Review of Stefansson and the Canadian Arctic 1 Diubaldo Richard J Stefansson and the Canadian Arctic McGill Queen s Press MQUP 1998 ISBN 0773518150 Gray David The People of the CAE Northern Party with a contribution from Jette Elsebeth Ashlee Canadian Museum of Civilization Gray David Canada s little arctic navy The ships of the CAE Canadian Museum of Civilization Gray David New Lands explorations of the Northern Party Canadian Museum of Civilization Gray David New knowledge Science and the Southern Party Canadian Museum of Civilization Jenness Stuart Edward The Making of an Explorer George Hubert Wilkins and the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 1916 McGill Queen s Press MQUP 2004 accessed April 26 2009 Levy Buddy 2022 Empire of Ice and Stone St Martin s Press United States ISBN 978 1 250 27444 1 New York Times September 18 1915 Stefansson s quest to test a theory Stefansson Vilhjalmur 1921 The friendly Arctic the story of five years in polar regions Macmillan New YorkFurther reading editStuart Jenness ed 1991 Arctic Odyssey Diary of Diamond Jenness 1913 1916 ISBN missing Hunt William R 1986 Stef A Biography of Vilhjalmur Stefansson Canadian Arctic Explorer University of British Columbia Press ISBN 0774802472 Levere Trevor H 2004 Science and the Canadian Arctic A Century of Exploration 1818 1918 Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0521524919 Montgomery Richard Pechuck Kessinger Publishing 2005 originally published by Dodd Mead 1932 ISBN 1417997559 McKinlay William Laird 1999 The Last Voyage of the Karluk A Survivor s Memoir of Arctic Disaster St Martin s Press ISBN 0312206550 Niven Jennifer 2000 The Ice Master The Doomed 1913 Voyage of the Karluk Hyperion ISBN 0786865296 Harold Noice 1924 With Stefansson in the Arctic Dodd Mead amp Co New York 2 Gisli Palsson The legacy of Vilhjalmur Stefansson F A McDiarmid Geographical Determinations of the Canadian Arctic Expedition The Geographical Journal Vol 62 No 4 Oct 1923 pp 293 302External links editNorthern people northern knowledge The story of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 1918 An extensive and detailed online exhibit from the Canadian Museum of Civilization Particularly strong on the roles of local Inuit and other Arctic residents hired for the expedition Specific sections of this website are cited above as references attributed to David Gray the principal researcher and writer of the exhibit Anne Mease Explorers and Northern Exploration Northern Research Portal University of Saskatchewan A multi part article including a section on Stefansson Karsten Andersen Manuscripts at Dartmouth College Library The Papers of Harold Noice at Dartmouth College Library The Papers of Burt McConnell at Dartmouth College Library James Crawford Diaries and Photographs at Dartmouth College Library The Papers of Storker T Storkerson at Dartmouth College Library Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913 1916 amp oldid 1180897155, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
