Calçoene (Portuguese pronunciation: [kawsoˈẽni]) is a municipality located in the east of the state of Amapá in Brazil. It is located on the Atlantic Ocean in the Amazon jungle basin near French Guiana. Calçoene covers 14,269 square kilometres (5,509 sq mi) and has a population is 11,306.[2] The name Calçoene is a corruption of "Calço N" (North Wedge, one of four mining zones defined by the Brazilian Government at the beginning of the 20th century).[3]
The city has the highest rainfall of any in Brazil, with an annual average of 4,165 millimetres (164.0 in). Calçoene is noted for its ancient megalithic observatory, often referred to as the "Amazon Stonehenge".[4]
The borders between French Guiana and Brazil were not clear, and in the 19th century, it was decided that the area between the Amazon and the Oyapock River was a neutral territory. Paul Quartier had a meeting with the village chiefs of Cunani and Carsewenne (nowadays: Calçoene) in 1885.[5][6] In 1886, the Republic of Independent Guiana[6] was founded by a group of French adventurers and two village chiefs with Cunani as the capital. The unrecognised republic lasted until 1891.[7] In 1900, the territory was awarded to Brazil.[8] Calçoene became a municipality in 1956.[9]
Geography
Calçoene is bordered on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the municipalities of Amapá and Pracuúba, and to the west by the municipalities of Oiapoque and Serra do Navio. Calçoene is 272 kilometres (169 mi) from the state capital of Macapá.[1] The municipality contains 23.23% of the 2,369,400 hectares (5,855,000 acres) Amapá State Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit established in 2006.[10]
Tourism
One of the most popular tourist attraction is the Goiabal beach on the Atlantic Ocean, which is located 14 kilometers from the town of Calçoene.[9] The beach is 4 kilometres long and the water is dark due to the influence of the Amazon.[11]
In May 2006, archeologists announced they had found a pre-colonial astronomical observatory, possibly 500 to 2,000 years old, near Calçoene. The age is based on pottery sherds on site that have been dated to 2,000 years old. The site is on a hill and has 127 large stones blocks of granite, each 3 metres (9.8 ft) high, and dug firmly into the ground. Archaeologist Mariana Petry Cabral of the Amapa Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (IEPA) said that the observatory has been designed to align with the winter solstice. Other agricultural societies also developed sophisticated ways to track important times in the solar calendar. At one time, researchers did not think any cultures in the Amazon Basin had developed such complexity as to build such a site. This has altered their thinking.[12]
Subdivisions
The municipality of Calçoene contains three districts:[13]
^"Embrapa identifica cidade mais chuvosa do Brasil" (in Portuguese). Notícias Terra. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
^Stéphane Granger (2011). "Le Contesté franco-brésilien : enjeux et conséquences d'un conflit oublié entre la France et le Brésil". Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire (in French): 162–163.
^ ab"La république de Counani: L'homme qui voulut être roi". Une Saison en Guyane (in French). Retrieved 30 March 2021.
^"The Loneliness of the Guyanas". New York Times. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
^"Timeline Brazil". Library of Congress. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
^ ab"História". Municipality of Calçoene (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 March 2021.
^FES do Amapá (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 6 July 2016
^"Praia de Goiabal". Estados e Capitais Do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 March 2021.
^Wolford, Ben (2006). "Brazilian Stonehenge discovered". London: BBC. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
^"História". Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 March 2021.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Calçoene.
Official website (in Portuguese)
'Amazon Stonehenge' - Yahoo story
Photos
, Archaeoastronomy, 14 May 2006
July 10, 2023
calçoene, portuguese, pronunciation, kawsoˈẽni, municipality, located, east, state, amapá, brazil, located, atlantic, ocean, amazon, jungle, basin, near, french, guiana, covers, square, kilometres, population, name, corruption, calço, north, wedge, four, minin. Calcoene Portuguese pronunciation kawsoˈẽni is a municipality located in the east of the state of Amapa in Brazil It is located on the Atlantic Ocean in the Amazon jungle basin near French Guiana Calcoene covers 14 269 square kilometres 5 509 sq mi and has a population is 11 306 2 The name Calcoene is a corruption of Calco N North Wedge one of four mining zones defined by the Brazilian Government at the beginning of the 20th century 3 CalcoeneMunicipalityMunicipio de CalcoeneThe Governor inspects the new road in CalcoeneFlagSealLocation of Calcoene in the State of AmapaCalcoeneCoordinates 02 29 52 N 50 56 56 W 2 49778 N 50 94889 W 2 49778 50 94889Country BrazilRegionNorthStateAmapaFounded22 December 1945 1 Government MayorLindoval Santos do Rosario PSC Area Total14 269 km2 5 509 sq mi Elevation3 m 10 ft Population 2020 Total11 306 Density0 79 km2 2 1 sq mi Time zoneUTC 3 BRT HDI 2010 0 643 mediumWebsitewww calcoene ap gov brThe city has the highest rainfall of any in Brazil with an annual average of 4 165 millimetres 164 0 in Calcoene is noted for its ancient megalithic observatory often referred to as the Amazon Stonehenge 4 Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Tourism 3 1 Calcoene megalithic observatory 4 Subdivisions 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory EditThe borders between French Guiana and Brazil were not clear and in the 19th century it was decided that the area between the Amazon and the Oyapock River was a neutral territory Paul Quartier had a meeting with the village chiefs of Cunani and Carsewenne nowadays Calcoene in 1885 5 6 In 1886 the Republic of Independent Guiana 6 was founded by a group of French adventurers and two village chiefs with Cunani as the capital The unrecognised republic lasted until 1891 7 In 1900 the territory was awarded to Brazil 8 Calcoene became a municipality in 1956 9 Geography EditCalcoene is bordered on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean to the south by the municipalities of Amapa and Pracuuba and to the west by the municipalities of Oiapoque and Serra do Navio Calcoene is 272 kilometres 169 mi from the state capital of Macapa 1 The municipality contains 23 23 of the 2 369 400 hectares 5 855 000 acres Amapa State Forest a sustainable use conservation unit established in 2006 10 Tourism EditOne of the most popular tourist attraction is the Goiabal beach on the Atlantic Ocean which is located 14 kilometers from the town of Calcoene 9 The beach is 4 kilometres long and the water is dark due to the influence of the Amazon 11 Calcoene megalithic observatory Edit Main article Parque Arqueologico do Solsticio In May 2006 archeologists announced they had found a pre colonial astronomical observatory possibly 500 to 2 000 years old near Calcoene The age is based on pottery sherds on site that have been dated to 2 000 years old The site is on a hill and has 127 large stones blocks of granite each 3 metres 9 8 ft high and dug firmly into the ground Archaeologist Mariana Petry Cabral of the Amapa Institute of Scientific and Technological Research IEPA said that the observatory has been designed to align with the winter solstice Other agricultural societies also developed sophisticated ways to track important times in the solar calendar At one time researchers did not think any cultures in the Amazon Basin had developed such complexity as to build such a site This has altered their thinking 12 Subdivisions EditThe municipality of Calcoene contains three districts 13 Calcoene town Cunani LourencoSee also Edit Brazil portalList of archaeoastronomical sites sorted by countryReferences Edit a b Calcoene in Portuguese Macapa Governo do Estado do Amapa 2011 Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 Retrieved 18 November 2014 IBGE 2020 Amapa Digital Calcoene Embrapa identifica cidade mais chuvosa do Brasil in Portuguese Noticias Terra 5 December 2014 Retrieved 31 January 2009 Stephane Granger 2011 Le Conteste franco bresilien enjeux et consequences d un conflit oublie entre la France et le Bresil Outre Mers Revue d histoire in French 162 163 a b La republique de Counani L homme qui voulut etre roi Une Saison en Guyane in French Retrieved 30 March 2021 The Loneliness of the Guyanas New York Times Retrieved 30 March 2021 Timeline Brazil Library of Congress Retrieved 31 March 2021 a b Historia Municipality of Calcoene in Portuguese Retrieved 31 March 2021 FES do Amapa in Portuguese ISA Instituto Socioambiental retrieved 6 July 2016 Praia de Goiabal Estados e Capitais Do Brasil in Portuguese Retrieved 31 March 2021 Wolford Ben 2006 Brazilian Stonehenge discovered London BBC Retrieved 18 November 2014 Historia Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica in Portuguese Retrieved 31 March 2021 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Calcoene Official website in Portuguese Amazon Stonehenge Yahoo story Photos Calcoene the Brazilian Stonehenge Archaeoastronomy 14 May 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Calcoene amp oldid 1148003029, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
