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Platelet factor 4

April 12, 2024

"PF4" redirects here. For SpaceShipTwo PF04, see 2014 Virgin Galactic crash. For USN Tacoma-class patrol frigate, see USS Sausalito (PF-4). For Philippine Navy frigate, see BRP Rajah Lakandula (PF-4). For JMSDF frigate, see JDS Momi (PF-4). For 1997 PF4, see 14967 Madrid. For 1999 PF4, see 38245 Marcospontes. For PF4 receptor, see PF4 receptor.

Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4 (CXCL4) . This chemokine is released from alpha-granules of activated platelets during platelet aggregation, and promotes blood coagulation by moderating the effects of heparin-like molecules. Due to these roles, it is predicted to play a role in wound repair and inflammation.[5] It is usually found in a complex with proteoglycan.

PF4
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesPF4, CXCL4, PF-4, SCYB4, platelet factor 4
External IDsOMIM: 173460 MGI: 1888711 HomoloGene: 87791 GeneCards: PF4
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

5196

56744

Ensembl

ENSG00000163737

ENSMUSG00000029373

UniProt

P02776

Q9Z126

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_002619
NM_001363352

NM_019932

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002610
NP_001350281

NP_064316

Location (UCSC)Chr 4: 73.98 – 73.98 MbChr 5: 90.92 – 90.92 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Genomics edit

The gene for human PF4 is located on human chromosome 4.[6]

Function edit

Platelet factor-4 is a 70-amino acid protein that is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets and binds with high affinity to heparin. Its major physiologic role appears to be neutralization of heparin-like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels, thereby inhibiting local antithrombin activity and promoting coagulation. As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts, PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair.[5][7]

PF4 is chemotactic for neutrophils, fibroblasts and monocytes, and interacts with a splice variant of the chemokine receptor CXCR3, known as CXCR3-B.[8]

Clinical significance edit

The heparin:PF4 complex is the antigen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), an idiosyncratic autoimmune reaction to the administration of the anticoagulant heparin.[9] PF4 autoantibodies have also been found in patients with thrombosis and features resembling HIT but no prior administration of heparin.[10] Antibodies against PF4 have been implicated in cases of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia subsequent to vaccination with the Oxford–AstraZeneca or the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine.[11][12] This phenomenon has been termed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT).[13] Changes in the expression of PF4 have also been associated with symptoms of long COVID.[14]

It is increased in patients with systemic sclerosis that also have interstitial lung disease.[15]

The human platelet factor 4 kills malaria parasites within erythrocytes by selectively lysing the parasite's digestive vacuole.[16]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163737 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029373 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b Eisman R, Surrey S, Ramachandran B, Schwartz E, Poncz M (July 1990). "Structural and functional comparison of the genes for human platelet factor 4 and PF4alt". Blood. 76 (2): 336–44. doi:10.1182/blood.V76.2.336.336. PMID 1695112.
  6. ^ O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan JG (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 84 (1–2): 39–42. doi:10.1159/000015209. PMID 10343098. S2CID 8087808.
  7. ^ "Entrez Gene: PF4 platelet factor 4 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4)".
  8. ^ Lasagni L, Francalanci M, Annunziato F, Lazzeri E, Giannini S, Cosmi L, et al. (June 2003). "An alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3 mediates the inhibition of endothelial cell growth induced by IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC, and acts as functional receptor for platelet factor 4". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 197 (11): 1537–49. doi:10.1084/jem.20021897. PMC 2193908. PMID 12782716.
  9. ^ Warkentin TE (March 2007). "Drug-induced immune-mediated thrombocytopenia--from purpura to thrombosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 356 (9): 891–3. doi:10.1056/NEJMp068309. PMID 17329695.
  10. ^ Warkentin TE, Makris M, Jay RM, Kelton JG (July 2008). "A spontaneous prothrombotic disorder resembling heparin-induced thrombocytopenia". The American Journal of Medicine. 121 (7): 632–6. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.03.012. PMID 18589060.
  11. ^ Schultz NH, Sørvoll IH, Michelsen AE, Munthe LA, Lund-Johansen F, Ahlen MT, et al. (April 2021). "Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination". The New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (22): 2124–2130. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2104882. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 8112568. PMID 33835768.
  12. ^ Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, Weisser K, Kyrle PA, Eichinger S (April 2021). "Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination". The New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (22): 2092–2101. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2104840. PMC 8095372. PMID 33835769.
  13. ^ Arepally GM, Ortel TL (June 2021). "Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT): What We Know and Don't Know". Blood. doi:10.1182/blood.2021012152. PMC 8172307. PMID 34061166.
  14. ^ Ryan FJ, Hope CM, Masavuli MG, Lynn MA, Mekonnen ZA, Yeow AE, et al. (January 2022). "Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection". BMC Medicine. 20 (1): 26. doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02228-6. PMC 8758383. PMID 35027067.
  15. ^ Volkmann ER, Tashkin DP, Roth MD, Clements PJ, Khanna D, Furst DE, et al. (December 2016). "Changes in plasma CXCL4 levels are associated with improvements in lung function in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease". Arthritis Research & Therapy. 18 (1): 305. doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1203-y. PMC 5203703. PMID 28038680.
  16. ^ Love MS, Millholland MG, Mishra S, Kulkarni S, Freeman KB, Pan W, et al. (December 2012). "Platelet factor 4 activity against P. falciparum and its translation to nonpeptidic mimics as antimalarials". Cell Host & Microbe. 12 (6): 815–23. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.10.017. PMC 3638032. PMID 23245326.

Further reading edit

  • Bikfalvi A, Gimenez-Gallego G (February 2004). "The control of angiogenesis and tumor invasion by platelet factor-4 and platelet factor-4-derived molecules". Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 30 (1): 137–44. doi:10.1055/s-2004-822978. PMID 15034805. S2CID 260320397.
  • Maurer AM, Zhou B, Han ZC (December 2006). "Roles of platelet factor 4 in hematopoiesis and angiogenesis". Growth Factors. 24 (4): 242–52. doi:10.1080/08977190600988225. PMID 17381065. S2CID 36468865.
  • Deuel TF, Keim PS, Farmer M, Heinrikson RL (June 1977). "Amino acid sequence of human platelet factor 4". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 74 (6): 2256–8. Bibcode:1977PNAS...74.2256D. doi:10.1073/pnas.74.6.2256. PMC 432148. PMID 267922.
  • Walz DA, Wu VY, de Lamo R, Dene H, McCoy LE (December 1977). "Primary structure of human platelet factor 4". Thrombosis Research. 11 (6): 893–8. doi:10.1016/0049-3848(77)90117-7. PMID 601757.
  • Nath N, Lowery CT, Niewiarowski S (April 1975). "Antigenic and antiheparin properties of human platelet factor 4 (PF4)". Blood. 45 (4): 537–50. doi:10.1182/blood.V45.4.537.537. PMID 803847.
  • Hermodson M, Schmer G, Kurachi K (September 1977). "Isolation, crystallization, and primary amino acid sequence of human platelet factor 4". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 252 (18): 6276–9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39951-9. PMID 893407.
  • Maione TE, Gray GS, Petro J, Hunt AJ, Donner AL, Bauer SI, et al. (January 1990). "Inhibition of angiogenesis by recombinant human platelet factor-4 and related peptides". Science. 247 (4938): 77–9. Bibcode:1990Sci...247...77M. doi:10.1126/science.1688470. PMID 1688470.
  • Han ZC, Bellucci S, Tenza D, Caen JP (April 1990). "Negative regulation of human megakaryocytopoiesis by human platelet factor 4 and beta thromboglobulin: comparative analysis in bone marrow cultures from normal individuals and patients with essential thrombocythaemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura". British Journal of Haematology. 74 (4): 395–401. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.1990.tb06325.x. PMID 2140694. S2CID 24529258.
  • Poncz M, Surrey S, LaRocco P, Weiss MJ, Rappaport EF, Conway TM, Schwartz E (January 1987). "Cloning and characterization of platelet factor 4 cDNA derived from a human erythroleukemic cell line". Blood. 69 (1): 219–23. doi:10.1182/blood.V69.1.219.219. PMID 3098319.
  • Griffin CA, Emanuel BS, LaRocco P, Schwartz E, Poncz M (1987). "Human platelet factor 4 gene is mapped to 4q12----q21". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 45 (2): 67–9. doi:10.1159/000132431. PMID 3622011.
  • Senior RM, Griffin GL, Huang JS, Walz DA, Deuel TF (February 1983). "Chemotactic activity of platelet alpha granule proteins for fibroblasts". The Journal of Cell Biology. 96 (2): 382–5. doi:10.1083/jcb.96.2.382. PMC 2112304. PMID 6187750.
  • Morgan FJ, Begg GS, Chesterman CN (February 1980). "Complete covalent structure of human platelet factor 4". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 42 (5): 1652–60. PMID 6445090.
  • Deuel TF, Senior RM, Chang D, Griffin GL, Heinrikson RL, Kaiser ET (July 1981). "Platelet factor 4 is chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 78 (7): 4584–7. Bibcode:1981PNAS...78.4584D. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.7.4584. PMC 319837. PMID 6945600.
  • Brown KJ, Parish CR (November 1994). "Histidine-rich glycoprotein and platelet factor 4 mask heparan sulfate proteoglycans recognized by acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor". Biochemistry. 33 (46): 13918–27. doi:10.1021/bi00250a047. PMID 7524669.
  • Mayo KH, Roongta V, Ilyina E, Milius R, Barker S, Quinlan C, et al. (September 1995). "NMR solution structure of the 32-kDa platelet factor 4 ELR-motif N-terminal chimera: a symmetric tetramer". Biochemistry. 34 (36): 11399–409. doi:10.1021/bi00036a012. PMID 7547867.
  • Barker S, Mayo KH (January 1995). "Quarternary structure amplification of protein folding differences observed in 'native' platelet factor-4". FEBS Letters. 357 (3): 301–4. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)01384-D. PMID 7835432. S2CID 12222261.
  • Zhang X, Chen L, Bancroft DP, Lai CK, Maione TE (July 1994). "Crystal structure of recombinant human platelet factor 4". Biochemistry. 33 (27): 8361–6. doi:10.1021/bi00193a025. PMID 8031770.
  • Horne MK (April 1993). "The effect of secreted heparin-binding proteins on heparin binding to platelets". Thrombosis Research. 70 (1): 91–8. doi:10.1016/0049-3848(93)90226-E. PMID 8511754.
  • Kolset SO, Mann DM, Uhlin-Hansen L, Winberg JO, Ruoslahti E (April 1996). "Serglycin-binding proteins in activated macrophages and platelets". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 59 (4): 545–54. doi:10.1002/jlb.59.4.545. PMID 8613703. S2CID 23125881.

External links edit

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

April 12, 2024
platelet, factor, redirects, here, spaceshiptwo, pf04, 2014, virgin, galactic, crash, tacoma, class, patrol, frigate, sausalito, philippine, navy, frigate, rajah, lakandula, jmsdf, frigate, momi, 1997, 14967, madrid, 1999, 38245, marcospontes, receptor, recept. PF4 redirects here For SpaceShipTwo PF04 see 2014 Virgin Galactic crash For USN Tacoma class patrol frigate see USS Sausalito PF 4 For Philippine Navy frigate see BRP Rajah Lakandula PF 4 For JMSDF frigate see JDS Momi PF 4 For 1997 PF4 see 14967 Madrid For 1999 PF4 see 38245 Marcospontes For PF4 receptor see PF4 receptor Platelet factor 4 PF4 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as chemokine C X C motif ligand 4 CXCL4 This chemokine is released from alpha granules of activated platelets during platelet aggregation and promotes blood coagulation by moderating the effects of heparin like molecules Due to these roles it is predicted to play a role in wound repair and inflammation 5 It is usually found in a complex with proteoglycan PF4Available structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes1RHP 1DN3 1F9Q 1F9R 1F9S 1PFM 1PFN 4R9W 4R9Y 4RAUIdentifiersAliasesPF4 CXCL4 PF 4 SCYB4 platelet factor 4External IDsOMIM 173460 MGI 1888711 HomoloGene 87791 GeneCards PF4Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 4 human 1 Band4q13 3Start73 980 811 bp 1 End73 982 027 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 5 mouse 2 Band5 5 E1Start90 920 294 bp 2 End90 921 242 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed inmonocytespongy bonebloodbone marrowbone marrow cellsperiodontal fiberspleenbiceps brachiiright lungupper lobe of left lungTop expressed inbloodsciatic nervedermisanklecarotid bodyspleenbelly cordabdominal wallbody of femurright ventricleMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functioncytokine activity heparin binding CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding chemokine activity protein bindingCellular componentextracellular region platelet alpha granule lumen extracellular space cytoplasm collagen containing extracellular matrixBiological processcytokine mediated signaling pathway chemokine mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of macrophage differentiation platelet degranulation negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation positive regulation of cAMP mediated signaling negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process leukocyte chemotaxis chemotaxis response to lipopolysaccharide positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation positive regulation of gene expression regulation of cell population proliferation immune response positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production negative regulation of angiogenesis negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand inflammatory response positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of cytolysis platelet activation defense response positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation regulation of signaling receptor activity G protein coupled receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase activating G protein coupled receptor signaling pathway neutrophil chemotaxis cellular response to lipopolysaccharideSources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez519656744EnsemblENSG00000163737ENSMUSG00000029373UniProtP02776Q9Z126RefSeq mRNA NM 002619NM 001363352NM 019932RefSeq protein NP 002610NP 001350281NP 064316Location UCSC Chr 4 73 98 73 98 MbChr 5 90 92 90 92 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Genomics 2 Function 3 Clinical significance 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksGenomics editThe gene for human PF4 is located on human chromosome 4 6 Function editPlatelet factor 4 is a 70 amino acid protein that is released from the alpha granules of activated platelets and binds with high affinity to heparin Its major physiologic role appears to be neutralization of heparin like molecules on the endothelial surface of blood vessels thereby inhibiting local antithrombin activity and promoting coagulation As a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils and fibroblasts PF4 probably has a role in inflammation and wound repair 5 7 PF4 is chemotactic for neutrophils fibroblasts and monocytes and interacts with a splice variant of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 known as CXCR3 B 8 Clinical significance editThe heparin PF4 complex is the antigen in heparin induced thrombocytopenia HIT an idiosyncratic autoimmune reaction to the administration of the anticoagulant heparin 9 PF4 autoantibodies have also been found in patients with thrombosis and features resembling HIT but no prior administration of heparin 10 Antibodies against PF4 have been implicated in cases of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia subsequent to vaccination with the Oxford AstraZeneca or the Janssen COVID 19 vaccine 11 12 This phenomenon has been termed vaccine induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia VITT 13 Changes in the expression of PF4 have also been associated with symptoms of long COVID 14 It is increased in patients with systemic sclerosis that also have interstitial lung disease 15 The human platelet factor 4 kills malaria parasites within erythrocytes by selectively lysing the parasite s digestive vacuole 16 See also editPlatelet activating factor Platelet derived growth factorReferences edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000163737 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000029373 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine a b Eisman R Surrey S Ramachandran B Schwartz E Poncz M July 1990 Structural and functional comparison of the genes for human platelet factor 4 and PF4alt Blood 76 2 336 44 doi 10 1182 blood V76 2 336 336 PMID 1695112 O Donovan N Galvin M Morgan JG 1999 Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4 Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 84 1 2 39 42 doi 10 1159 000015209 PMID 10343098 S2CID 8087808 Entrez Gene PF4 platelet factor 4 chemokine C X C motif ligand 4 Lasagni L Francalanci M Annunziato F Lazzeri E Giannini S Cosmi L et al June 2003 An alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3 mediates the inhibition of endothelial cell growth induced by IP 10 Mig and I TAC and acts as functional receptor for platelet factor 4 The Journal of Experimental Medicine 197 11 1537 49 doi 10 1084 jem 20021897 PMC 2193908 PMID 12782716 Warkentin TE March 2007 Drug induced immune mediated thrombocytopenia from purpura to thrombosis The New England Journal of Medicine 356 9 891 3 doi 10 1056 NEJMp068309 PMID 17329695 Warkentin TE Makris M Jay RM Kelton JG July 2008 A spontaneous prothrombotic disorder resembling heparin induced thrombocytopenia The American Journal of Medicine 121 7 632 6 doi 10 1016 j amjmed 2008 03 012 PMID 18589060 Schultz NH Sorvoll IH Michelsen AE Munthe LA Lund Johansen F Ahlen MT et al April 2021 Thrombosis and Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV 19 Vaccination The New England Journal of Medicine 384 22 2124 2130 doi 10 1056 NEJMoa2104882 ISSN 0028 4793 PMC 8112568 PMID 33835768 Greinacher A Thiele T Warkentin TE Weisser K Kyrle PA Eichinger S April 2021 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov 19 Vaccination The New England Journal of Medicine 384 22 2092 2101 doi 10 1056 NEJMoa2104840 PMC 8095372 PMID 33835769 Arepally GM Ortel TL June 2021 Vaccine Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia VITT What We Know and Don t Know Blood doi 10 1182 blood 2021012152 PMC 8172307 PMID 34061166 Ryan FJ Hope CM Masavuli MG Lynn MA Mekonnen ZA Yeow AE et al January 2022 Long term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS CoV 2 infection BMC Medicine 20 1 26 doi 10 1186 s12916 021 02228 6 PMC 8758383 PMID 35027067 Volkmann ER Tashkin DP Roth MD Clements PJ Khanna D Furst DE et al December 2016 Changes in plasma CXCL4 levels are associated with improvements in lung function in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for systemic sclerosis related interstitial lung disease Arthritis Research amp Therapy 18 1 305 doi 10 1186 s13075 016 1203 y PMC 5203703 PMID 28038680 Love MS Millholland MG Mishra S Kulkarni S Freeman KB Pan W et al December 2012 Platelet factor 4 activity against P falciparum and its translation to nonpeptidic mimics as antimalarials Cell Host amp Microbe 12 6 815 23 doi 10 1016 j chom 2012 10 017 PMC 3638032 PMID 23245326 Further reading editBikfalvi A Gimenez Gallego G February 2004 The control of angiogenesis and tumor invasion by platelet factor 4 and platelet factor 4 derived molecules Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 30 1 137 44 doi 10 1055 s 2004 822978 PMID 15034805 S2CID 260320397 Maurer AM Zhou B Han ZC December 2006 Roles of platelet factor 4 in hematopoiesis and angiogenesis Growth Factors 24 4 242 52 doi 10 1080 08977190600988225 PMID 17381065 S2CID 36468865 Deuel TF Keim PS Farmer M Heinrikson RL June 1977 Amino acid sequence of human platelet factor 4 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74 6 2256 8 Bibcode 1977PNAS 74 2256D doi 10 1073 pnas 74 6 2256 PMC 432148 PMID 267922 Walz DA Wu VY de Lamo R Dene H McCoy LE December 1977 Primary structure of human platelet factor 4 Thrombosis Research 11 6 893 8 doi 10 1016 0049 3848 77 90117 7 PMID 601757 Nath N Lowery CT Niewiarowski S April 1975 Antigenic and antiheparin properties of human platelet factor 4 PF4 Blood 45 4 537 50 doi 10 1182 blood V45 4 537 537 PMID 803847 Hermodson M Schmer G Kurachi K September 1977 Isolation crystallization and primary amino acid sequence of human platelet factor 4 The Journal of Biological Chemistry 252 18 6276 9 doi 10 1016 S0021 9258 17 39951 9 PMID 893407 Maione TE Gray GS Petro J Hunt AJ Donner AL Bauer SI et al January 1990 Inhibition of angiogenesis by recombinant human platelet factor 4 and related peptides Science 247 4938 77 9 Bibcode 1990Sci 247 77M doi 10 1126 science 1688470 PMID 1688470 Han ZC Bellucci S Tenza D Caen JP April 1990 Negative regulation of human megakaryocytopoiesis by human platelet factor 4 and beta thromboglobulin comparative analysis in bone marrow cultures from normal individuals and patients with essential thrombocythaemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura British Journal of Haematology 74 4 395 401 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2141 1990 tb06325 x PMID 2140694 S2CID 24529258 Poncz M Surrey S LaRocco P Weiss MJ Rappaport EF Conway TM Schwartz E January 1987 Cloning and characterization of platelet factor 4 cDNA derived from a human erythroleukemic cell line Blood 69 1 219 23 doi 10 1182 blood V69 1 219 219 PMID 3098319 Griffin CA Emanuel BS LaRocco P Schwartz E Poncz M 1987 Human platelet factor 4 gene is mapped to 4q12 q21 Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 45 2 67 9 doi 10 1159 000132431 PMID 3622011 Senior RM Griffin GL Huang JS Walz DA Deuel TF February 1983 Chemotactic activity of platelet alpha granule proteins for fibroblasts The Journal of Cell Biology 96 2 382 5 doi 10 1083 jcb 96 2 382 PMC 2112304 PMID 6187750 Morgan FJ Begg GS Chesterman CN February 1980 Complete covalent structure of human platelet factor 4 Thrombosis and Haemostasis 42 5 1652 60 PMID 6445090 Deuel TF Senior RM Chang D Griffin GL Heinrikson RL Kaiser ET July 1981 Platelet factor 4 is chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 78 7 4584 7 Bibcode 1981PNAS 78 4584D doi 10 1073 pnas 78 7 4584 PMC 319837 PMID 6945600 Brown KJ Parish CR November 1994 Histidine rich glycoprotein and platelet factor 4 mask heparan sulfate proteoglycans recognized by acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor Biochemistry 33 46 13918 27 doi 10 1021 bi00250a047 PMID 7524669 Mayo KH Roongta V Ilyina E Milius R Barker S Quinlan C et al September 1995 NMR solution structure of the 32 kDa platelet factor 4 ELR motif N terminal chimera a symmetric tetramer Biochemistry 34 36 11399 409 doi 10 1021 bi00036a012 PMID 7547867 Barker S Mayo KH January 1995 Quarternary structure amplification of protein folding differences observed in native platelet factor 4 FEBS Letters 357 3 301 4 doi 10 1016 0014 5793 94 01384 D PMID 7835432 S2CID 12222261 Zhang X Chen L Bancroft DP Lai CK Maione TE July 1994 Crystal structure of recombinant human platelet factor 4 Biochemistry 33 27 8361 6 doi 10 1021 bi00193a025 PMID 8031770 Horne MK April 1993 The effect of secreted heparin binding proteins on heparin binding to platelets Thrombosis Research 70 1 91 8 doi 10 1016 0049 3848 93 90226 E PMID 8511754 Kolset SO Mann DM Uhlin Hansen L Winberg JO Ruoslahti E April 1996 Serglycin binding proteins in activated macrophages and platelets Journal of Leukocyte Biology 59 4 545 54 doi 10 1002 jlb 59 4 545 PMID 8613703 S2CID 23125881 External links editPlatelet factor 4 at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine which is in the public domain Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Platelet factor 4 amp oldid 1188053359, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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