The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell proliferation. High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testiculartumors.[6]
^Mirzaa GM, Parry DA, Fry AE, Giamanco KA, Schwartzentruber J, Vanstone M, Logan CV, Roberts N, Johnson CA, Singh S, Kholmanskikh SS, Adams C, Hodge RD, Hevner RF, Bonthron DT, Braun KP, Faivre L, Rivière JB, St-Onge J, Gripp KW, Mancini GM, Pang K, Sweeney E, van Esch H, Verbeek N, Wieczorek D, Steinraths M, Majewski J, Boycott KM, Pilz DT, Ross ME, Dobyns WB, Sheridan EG (May 2014). "De novo CCND2 mutations leading to stabilization of cyclin D2 cause megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome". Nature Genetics. 46 (5): 510–5. doi:10.1038/ng.2948. PMC4004933. PMID 24705253.
Further readingedit
Xiong Y, Menninger J, Beach D, Ward DC (Jul 1992). "Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of CCND genes encoding human D-type cyclins". Genomics. 13 (3): 575–84. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90127-E. PMID 1386336.
Zhu W, Zhao M, Mattapally S, Chen S, Zhang J (October 2017). "CCND2 Overexpression Enhances the Regenerative Potency of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Remuscularization of Injured Ventricle". Circulation Research. 122 (1): 88–96. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311504. PMC5756126. PMID 29018036.
Hirai H, Roussel MF, Kato JY, Ashmun RA, Sherr CJ (May 1995). "Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (5): 2672–81. doi:10.1128/MCB.15.5.2672. PMC230497. PMID 7739547.
Meyerson M, Harlow E (Mar 1994). "Identification of G1 kinase activity for cdk6, a novel cyclin D partner". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 14 (3): 2077–86. doi:10.1128/MCB.14.3.2077. PMC358568. PMID 8114739.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Ewen ME, Sluss HK, Sherr CJ, Matsushime H, Kato J, Livingston DM (May 1993). "Functional interactions of the retinoblastoma protein with mammalian D-type cyclins". Cell. 73 (3): 487–97. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90136-E. PMID 8343202. S2CID 41911038.
Palmero I, Holder A, Sinclair AJ, Dickson C, Peters G (Apr 1993). "Cyclins D1 and D2 are differentially expressed in human B-lymphoid cell lines". Oncogene. 8 (4): 1049–54. PMID 8455931.
Brooks AR, Shiffman D, Chan CS, Brooks EE, Milner PG (Apr 1996). "Functional analysis of the human cyclin D2 and cyclin D3 promoters". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (15): 9090–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.15.9090. PMID 8621559.
Hirai H, Sherr CJ (Nov 1996). "Interaction of D-type cyclins with a novel myb-like transcription factor, DMP1". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 16 (11): 6457–67. doi:10.1128/MCB.16.11.6457. PMC231647. PMID 8887674.
Sicinski P, Donaher JL, Geng Y, Parker SB, Gardner H, Park MY, Robker RL, Richards JS, McGinnis LK, Biggers JD, Eppig JJ, Bronson RT, Elledge SJ, Weinberg RA (Dec 1996). "Cyclin D2 is an FSH-responsive gene involved in gonadal cell proliferation and oncogenesis". Nature. 384 (6608): 470–4. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..470S. doi:10.1038/384470a0. PMID 8945475. S2CID 4331964.
Kitagawa M, Higashi H, Jung HK, Suzuki-Takahashi I, Ikeda M, Tamai K, Kato J, Segawa K, Yoshida E, Nishimura S, Taya Y (Dec 1996). "The consensus motif for phosphorylation by cyclin D1-Cdk4 is different from that for phosphorylation by cyclin A/E-Cdk2". The EMBO Journal. 15 (24): 7060–9. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb01097.x. PMC452531. PMID 9003781.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (Oct 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Guidato S, McLoughlin DM, Grierson AJ, Miller CC (Jan 1998). "Cyclin D2 interacts with cdk-5 and modulates cellular cdk-5/p35 activity". Journal of Neurochemistry. 70 (1): 335–40. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70010335.x. PMID 9422379. S2CID 23986161.
Gómez Lahoz E, Liegeois NJ, Zhang P, Engelman JA, Horner J, Silverman A, Burde R, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ, Elledge SJ, DePinho RA (Jan 1999). "Cyclin D- and E-dependent kinases and the p57(KIP2) inhibitor: cooperative interactions in vivo". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 19 (1): 353–63. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.1.353. PMC83893. PMID 9858559.
Bartkova J, Rajpert-de Meyts E, Skakkebaek NE, Bartek J (Apr 1999). "D-type cyclins in adult human testis and testicular cancer: relation to cell type, proliferation, differentiation, and malignancy". The Journal of Pathology. 187 (5): 573–81. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199904)187:5<573::AID-PATH289>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 10398124. S2CID 9474072.
Bouchard C, Thieke K, Maier A, Saffrich R, Hanley-Hyde J, Ansorge W, Reed S, Sicinski P, Bartek J, Eilers M (Oct 1999). "Direct induction of cyclin D2 by Myc contributes to cell cycle progression and sequestration of p27". The EMBO Journal. 18 (19): 5321–33. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.19.5321. PMC1171602. PMID 10508165.
Sansal I, Dupont E, Toru D, Evrard C, Rouget P (Oct 2000). "NPDC-1, a regulator of neural cell proliferation and differentiation, interacts with E2F-1, reduces its binding to DNA and modulates its transcriptional activity". Oncogene. 19 (43): 5000–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203843. PMID 11042687. S2CID 41370242.
Choi D, Lee EY, Yoon S, Hwang S, Yoon BK, Lee JH (Nov 2000). "Clinical correlation of cyclin D2 mRNA expression in human luteinized granulosa cells". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 17 (10): 574–9. doi:10.1023/A:1026470825514. PMC3455455. PMID 11209538.
Tanguay DA, Colarusso TP, Doughty C, Pavlovic-Ewers S, Rothstein TL, Chiles TC (Apr 2001). "Cutting edge: differential signaling requirements for activation of assembled cyclin D3-cdk4 complexes in B-1 and B-2 lymphocyte subsets". Journal of Immunology. 166 (7): 4273–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.7.4273. PMID 11254678.
Choi D, Yoon S, Lee E, Hwang S, Yoon B, Lee J (Feb 2001). "The expression of pseudogene cyclin D2 mRNA in the human ovary may be a novel marker for decreased ovarian function associated with the aging process". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 18 (2): 110–3. doi:10.1023/A:1026538826392. PMC3455561. PMID 11285977.
External linksedit
Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P30279 (G1/S-specific cyclin-D2) at the PDBe-KB.
This article on a gene on human chromosome 12 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
cyclin, specific, cyclin, protein, that, humans, encoded, ccnd2, gene, ccnd2identifiersaliasesccnd2, kiak0002, mpph3, cyclin, d2external, idsomim, 123833, 88314, homologene, 37525, genecards, ccnd2gene, location, human, chromosome, human, band12p13, 32start4, . G1 S specific cyclin D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND2 gene 5 CCND2IdentifiersAliasesCCND2 KIAK0002 MPPH3 cyclin D2External IDsOMIM 123833 MGI 88314 HomoloGene 37525 GeneCards CCND2Gene location Human Chr Chromosome 12 human 1 Band12p13 32Start4 269 771 bp 1 End4 305 353 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 6 mouse 2 Band6 F3 6 61 92 cMStart127 125 162 bp 2 End127 152 193 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed inseminal vesiculaganglionic eminencecorpus epididymiscaput epididymisvena cavaBrodmann area 46urethraright ventriclejejunal mucosasuperficial temporal arteryTop expressed incalvariamedial ganglionic eminencehandotic placodevas deferenshair folliclemaxillary prominencePaneth cellirissomiteMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functionprotein binding protein kinase binding protein kinase activity cyclin dependent protein serine threonine kinase regulator activityCellular componentcytoplasm cytosol chromatin cyclin dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex nuclear membrane nucleolus membrane nucleus nucleoplasm cyclin D2 CDK4 complexBiological processcell cycle positive regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of cyclin dependent protein serine threonine kinase activity regulation of cell cycle cell division positive regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of G1 S transition of mitotic cell cycle negative regulation of apoptotic process long term memory adult locomotory behavior cellular response to X ray regulation of cyclin dependent protein serine threonine kinase activity mitotic cell cycle protein phosphorylation regulation of mitotic nuclear division positive regulation of cell cycle mitotic cell cycle phase transitionSources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez89412444EnsemblENSG00000118971ENSMUSG00000000184UniProtP30279P30280RefSeq mRNA NM 001759NM 009829RefSeq protein NP 001750NP 033959Location UCSC Chr 12 4 27 4 31 MbChr 6 127 13 127 15 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Function 2 Clinical significance 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksFunction editThe protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle Cyclins function as regulators of cyclin dependent kinases Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6 whose activity is required for cell cycle G1 S transition This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell proliferation High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testicular tumors 6 Clinical significance editMutations in CCND2 are associated to megalencephaly polymicrogyria polydactyly hydrocephalus syndrome 7 References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000118971 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000000184 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Inaba T Matsushime H Valentine M Roussel MF Sherr CJ Look AT Jul 1992 Genomic organization chromosomal localization and independent expression of human cyclin D genes Genomics 13 3 565 74 doi 10 1016 0888 7543 92 90126 D PMID 1386335 Entrez Gene CCND2 cyclin D2 Mirzaa GM Parry DA Fry AE Giamanco KA Schwartzentruber J Vanstone M Logan CV Roberts N Johnson CA Singh S Kholmanskikh SS Adams C Hodge RD Hevner RF Bonthron DT Braun KP Faivre L Riviere JB St Onge J Gripp KW Mancini GM Pang K Sweeney E van Esch H Verbeek N Wieczorek D Steinraths M Majewski J Boycott KM Pilz DT Ross ME Dobyns WB Sheridan EG May 2014 De novo CCND2 mutations leading to stabilization of cyclin D2 cause megalencephaly polymicrogyria polydactyly hydrocephalus syndrome Nature Genetics 46 5 510 5 doi 10 1038 ng 2948 PMC 4004933 PMID 24705253 Further reading editXiong Y Menninger J Beach D Ward DC Jul 1992 Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of CCND genes encoding human D type cyclins Genomics 13 3 575 84 doi 10 1016 0888 7543 92 90127 E PMID 1386336 Zhu W Zhao M Mattapally S Chen S Zhang J October 2017 CCND2 Overexpression Enhances the Regenerative Potency of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes Remuscularization of Injured Ventricle Circulation Research 122 1 88 96 doi 10 1161 CIRCRESAHA 117 311504 PMC 5756126 PMID 29018036 Hirai H Roussel MF Kato JY Ashmun RA Sherr CJ May 1995 Novel INK4 proteins p19 and p18 are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 Molecular and Cellular Biology 15 5 2672 81 doi 10 1128 MCB 15 5 2672 PMC 230497 PMID 7739547 Meyerson M Harlow E Mar 1994 Identification of G1 kinase activity for cdk6 a novel cyclin D partner Molecular and Cellular Biology 14 3 2077 86 doi 10 1128 MCB 14 3 2077 PMC 358568 PMID 8114739 Maruyama K Sugano S Jan 1994 Oligo capping a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides Gene 138 1 2 171 4 doi 10 1016 0378 1119 94 90802 8 PMID 8125298 Ewen ME Sluss HK Sherr CJ Matsushime H Kato J Livingston DM May 1993 Functional interactions of the retinoblastoma protein with mammalian D type cyclins Cell 73 3 487 97 doi 10 1016 0092 8674 93 90136 E PMID 8343202 S2CID 41911038 Palmero I Holder A Sinclair AJ Dickson C Peters G Apr 1993 Cyclins D1 and D2 are differentially expressed in human B lymphoid cell lines Oncogene 8 4 1049 54 PMID 8455931 Brooks AR Shiffman D Chan CS Brooks EE Milner PG Apr 1996 Functional analysis of the human cyclin D2 and cyclin D3 promoters The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 15 9090 9 doi 10 1074 jbc 271 15 9090 PMID 8621559 Hirai H Sherr CJ Nov 1996 Interaction of D type cyclins with a novel myb like transcription factor DMP1 Molecular and Cellular Biology 16 11 6457 67 doi 10 1128 MCB 16 11 6457 PMC 231647 PMID 8887674 Sicinski P Donaher JL Geng Y Parker SB Gardner H Park MY Robker RL Richards JS McGinnis LK Biggers JD Eppig JJ Bronson RT Elledge SJ Weinberg RA Dec 1996 Cyclin D2 is an FSH responsive gene involved in gonadal cell proliferation and oncogenesis Nature 384 6608 470 4 Bibcode 1996Natur 384 470S doi 10 1038 384470a0 PMID 8945475 S2CID 4331964 Kitagawa M Higashi H Jung HK Suzuki Takahashi I Ikeda M Tamai K Kato J Segawa K Yoshida E Nishimura S Taya Y Dec 1996 The consensus motif for phosphorylation by cyclin D1 Cdk4 is different from that for phosphorylation by cyclin A E Cdk2 The EMBO Journal 15 24 7060 9 doi 10 1002 j 1460 2075 1996 tb01097 x PMC 452531 PMID 9003781 Suzuki Y Yoshitomo Nakagawa K Maruyama K Suyama A Sugano S Oct 1997 Construction and characterization of a full length enriched and a 5 end enriched cDNA library Gene 200 1 2 149 56 doi 10 1016 S0378 1119 97 00411 3 PMID 9373149 Guidato S McLoughlin DM Grierson AJ Miller CC Jan 1998 Cyclin D2 interacts with cdk 5 and modulates cellular cdk 5 p35 activity Journal of Neurochemistry 70 1 335 40 doi 10 1046 j 1471 4159 1998 70010335 x PMID 9422379 S2CID 23986161 Gomez Lahoz E Liegeois NJ Zhang P Engelman JA Horner J Silverman A Burde R Roussel MF Sherr CJ Elledge SJ DePinho RA Jan 1999 Cyclin D and E dependent kinases and the p57 KIP2 inhibitor cooperative interactions in vivo Molecular and Cellular Biology 19 1 353 63 doi 10 1128 mcb 19 1 353 PMC 83893 PMID 9858559 Bartkova J Rajpert de Meyts E Skakkebaek NE Bartek J Apr 1999 D type cyclins in adult human testis and testicular cancer relation to cell type proliferation differentiation and malignancy The Journal of Pathology 187 5 573 81 doi 10 1002 SICI 1096 9896 199904 187 5 lt 573 AID PATH289 gt 3 0 CO 2 H PMID 10398124 S2CID 9474072 Bouchard C Thieke K Maier A Saffrich R Hanley Hyde J Ansorge W Reed S Sicinski P Bartek J Eilers M Oct 1999 Direct induction of cyclin D2 by Myc contributes to cell cycle progression and sequestration of p27 The EMBO Journal 18 19 5321 33 doi 10 1093 emboj 18 19 5321 PMC 1171602 PMID 10508165 Sansal I Dupont E Toru D Evrard C Rouget P Oct 2000 NPDC 1 a regulator of neural cell proliferation and differentiation interacts with E2F 1 reduces its binding to DNA and modulates its transcriptional activity Oncogene 19 43 5000 9 doi 10 1038 sj onc 1203843 PMID 11042687 S2CID 41370242 Choi D Lee EY Yoon S Hwang S Yoon BK Lee JH Nov 2000 Clinical correlation of cyclin D2 mRNA expression in human luteinized granulosa cells Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 17 10 574 9 doi 10 1023 A 1026470825514 PMC 3455455 PMID 11209538 Tanguay DA Colarusso TP Doughty C Pavlovic Ewers S Rothstein TL Chiles TC Apr 2001 Cutting edge differential signaling requirements for activation of assembled cyclin D3 cdk4 complexes in B 1 and B 2 lymphocyte subsets Journal of Immunology 166 7 4273 7 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 166 7 4273 PMID 11254678 Choi D Yoon S Lee E Hwang S Yoon B Lee J Feb 2001 The expression of pseudogene cyclin D2 mRNA in the human ovary may be a novel marker for decreased ovarian function associated with the aging process Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 18 2 110 3 doi 10 1023 A 1026538826392 PMC 3455561 PMID 11285977 External links editOverview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt P30279 G1 S specific cyclin D2 at the PDBe KB nbsp This article on a gene on human chromosome 12 is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cyclin D2 amp oldid 1191300800, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
