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Castulo

January 01, 1970

For the moth genus, see Castulo (moth).

Castulo (Latin: Castulo; Iberian: Kastilo) was an Iberian town and bishopric (now Latin titular see located in the Andalusian province of Jaén, in south-central Spain,[1] near modern Linares.

Roman bowl from Castulo, dating to the first century AD.

History edit

 
O: diademed head R: bull, crescent above, KAŚTILO retrograde below
bronze semis struck before 214 - 212 BC in Castulo

ref.: CNH p. 331, 2-3; SNG BM Spain 1223-6 [1]

Evidence of human presence since the Neolithic period has been found there. It was the seat of the Oretani, an Iberian tribe which settled in the vicinity in the north of the Guadalquivir River beginning in the sixth century BC. According to tradition, a local princess named Himilce married Hannibal, gained the alliance of the city with the Carthaginian Empire.

It probably is the place of the ancient Castax (Ancient Greek: Κάσταξ).[2]

In 211 BC, Castulo was the site of Hasdrubal Barca's crushing victory over the Roman army with a force of roughly 40,000 Carthaginian troops plus local Iberian mercenaries.[3] Thereafter the Romans made a pact with the residents of city — who then betrayed the Carthaginians — and they became foederati (allied people) of Rome. According to Livy, the inhabitants of Castulo were intimidated by Scipio Africanus ordering the wholesale massacre of the inhabitants of the neighboring Illiturgis[4]

Its medieval name was Cazlona. It lost importance even more when Andalusia fell under Islamic rule in the Middle Ages, and at the same time the nearby village of Linares grew because of its strong castle —first built as an Arab fortress, then rebuilt by the Christians after the Reconquista— overlooking the city. In 1227 the walls of Castulo were destroyed, and the town was depopulated shortly afterwards.

Ecclesiastical history edit

A Bishopric of Castulo was established around 350 AD on territory split from the Andalusian diocese of Tucci (now also a titular see). Information about Christian bishops of Castulo appears in the first half of the fourth century AD through participation by its bishops in the Council of Elvira and that of Sardica. It may have been reabsorbed by Tucci.

The diocese reappears two centuries later, when in 589 a bishop of Castulo, which by then was under Visigoth rule and a suffragan of the Metropolitan of Toledo, took part in the third Council of Toledo. Other bishops of Castulo were at later Visigoth councils down to the tenth Council of Toledo in 656. Thereafter, Castulo is replaced as bishopric by the Diocese of Baeza. Enrique Flórez,[5][6]

Titular see edit

No longer a residential bishopric, Castulo is listed by the Catholic Church as a Latin titular see.[7]

It was nominally restored in 1969 and since has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank with an archiepiscopal exception:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Spann, P.; DARMC; Talbert, R.; Gillies, S.; Åhlfeldt, J.; Warner, R.; Becker, J.; Elliott, T. "Places: 265855 (Castulo)". Pleiades. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  2. ^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Castax
  3. ^ Rome and Carthage
  4. ^ D.S.Levene (2010). Livy on the Hannibalic War. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198152958.
  5. ^ España Sagrada, volume VII, Madrid 1751, pages 134–160
  6. ^ A. Lambert, lemma Beacia, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. VII, 1934, coll. 79-80
  7. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), page 863

Sources and external links edit

  • A Brief History of Spain - Carthage and Rome, on PracticalSpain.com 2008-05-12 at the Wayback Machine
  • "CÁSTULO (Cazlona) Jaén, Spain." In The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites edited by R. Stillwell et al. 1976.
  • GCatholic, with titular incumbent biography links

38°02′09″N 3°37′25″W / 38.0359°N 3.6235°W / 38.0359; -3.6235

January 01, 1970
castulo, moth, genus, moth, latin, iberian, kastilo, iberian, town, bishopric, latin, titular, located, andalusian, province, jaén, south, central, spain, near, modern, linares, roman, bowl, from, dating, first, century, contents, history, ecclesiastical, hist. For the moth genus see Castulo moth Castulo Latin Castulo Iberian Kastilo was an Iberian town and bishopric now Latin titular see located in the Andalusian province of Jaen in south central Spain 1 near modern Linares Roman bowl from Castulo dating to the first century AD Contents 1 History 2 Ecclesiastical history 2 1 Titular see 3 See also 4 References 5 Sources and external linksHistory edit nbsp O diademed head R bull crescent above KASTILO retrograde below bronze semis struck before 214 212 BC in Castulo ref CNH p 331 2 3 SNG BM Spain 1223 6 1 Evidence of human presence since the Neolithic period has been found there It was the seat of the Oretani an Iberian tribe which settled in the vicinity in the north of the Guadalquivir River beginning in the sixth century BC According to tradition a local princess named Himilce married Hannibal gained the alliance of the city with the Carthaginian Empire It probably is the place of the ancient Castax Ancient Greek Kasta3 2 In 211 BC Castulo was the site of Hasdrubal Barca s crushing victory over the Roman army with a force of roughly 40 000 Carthaginian troops plus local Iberian mercenaries 3 Thereafter the Romans made a pact with the residents of city who then betrayed the Carthaginians and they became foederati allied people of Rome According to Livy the inhabitants of Castulo were intimidated by Scipio Africanus ordering the wholesale massacre of the inhabitants of the neighboring Illiturgis 4 Its medieval name was Cazlona It lost importance even more when Andalusia fell under Islamic rule in the Middle Ages and at the same time the nearby village of Linares grew because of its strong castle first built as an Arab fortress then rebuilt by the Christians after the Reconquista overlooking the city In 1227 the walls of Castulo were destroyed and the town was depopulated shortly afterwards Ecclesiastical history editA Bishopric of Castulo was established around 350 AD on territory split from the Andalusian diocese of Tucci now also a titular see Information about Christian bishops of Castulo appears in the first half of the fourth century AD through participation by its bishops in the Council of Elvira and that of Sardica It may have been reabsorbed by Tucci The diocese reappears two centuries later when in 589 a bishop of Castulo which by then was under Visigoth rule and a suffragan of the Metropolitan of Toledo took part in the third Council of Toledo Other bishops of Castulo were at later Visigoth councils down to the tenth Council of Toledo in 656 Thereafter Castulo is replaced as bishopric by the Diocese of Baeza Enrique Florez 5 6 Titular see edit No longer a residential bishopric Castulo is listed by the Catholic Church as a Latin titular see 7 It was nominally restored in 1969 and since has had the following incumbents so far of the fitting episcopal lowest rank with an archiepiscopal exception Titular Archbishop Angel Maria Ocampo Berrio Jesuits S J 1970 02 20 resigned 1973 03 10 as emeritate died 1991 previously Titular Bishop of Cynopolis in Arcadia 1942 06 23 1947 07 19 as Coadjutor Bishop of Socorro y San Gil Colombia 1942 06 23 1947 07 19 succeeding as Bishop of Socorro y San Gil 1947 07 19 1950 12 06 then last Suffragan Bishop of Tunja Colombia 1950 12 06 1964 06 20 promoted first Metropolitan Archbishop of Tunja 1964 06 20 retired 1970 02 20 Enrico Bartolucci Panaroni Comboni Missionaries M C C J 1973 06 14 death 1995 02 10 as Apostolic Vicar of Esmeraldas Ecuador 1973 06 14 1995 02 10 Riccardo Ruotolo 1995 12 06 death 2012 08 01 as Auxiliary Bishop of Manfredonia Vieste San Giovanni Rotondo Italy 1995 12 06 retired 2004 02 28 and on emeritate Adelio Dell Oro 2012 12 07 2015 01 31 as last Apostolic Administrator of Apostolic Administration of Atyrau Kazakhstan 2012 12 07 2015 05 16 next promoted first Bishop of Karaganda Kazakhstan 2015 01 31 Victor Alejandro Aguilar Ledesma 2015 12 01 Auxiliary Bishop of Morelia Mexico See also editList of Catholic dioceses in Spain Andorra Ceuta and GibraltarReferences edit Spann P DARMC Talbert R Gillies S Ahlfeldt J Warner R Becker J Elliott T Places 265855 Castulo Pleiades Retrieved 13 December 2014 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography 1854 Castax Rome and Carthage D S Levene 2010 Livy on the Hannibalic War New York NY Oxford University Press ISBN 9780198152958 Espana Sagrada volume VII Madrid 1751 pages 134 160 A Lambert lemma Beacia in Dictionnaire d Histoire et de Geographie ecclesiastiques vol VII 1934 coll 79 80 Annuario Pontificio 2013 Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978 88 209 9070 1 page 863Sources and external links editA Brief History of Spain Carthage and Rome on PracticalSpain com Archived 2008 05 12 at the Wayback Machine CASTULO Cazlona Jaen Spain In The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites edited by R Stillwell et al 1976 GCatholic with titular incumbent biography links 38 02 09 N 3 37 25 W 38 0359 N 3 6235 W 38 0359 3 6235 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Castulo amp oldid 1216627933, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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