In the fishery business, a bycatch reduction device is a tool designed to minimize unintended capture (or bycatch) of marine animals, thus reducing the adverse effects of fishing on the ecosystem.
This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(January 2023)
To minimize accidental capture of marine animals, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) fisheries developed and tested bycatch reduction devices (BRDs). These devices are openings in shrimp trawl nets that allow finfish or other unwanted aquatic animals to escape, while the target species, such as shrimp, is directed towards the tail bag or cod end of the net. The placement and design have been developed in conjunction with normal bottom trawling practices, using trawl nets outfitted with a turtle excluder device.[1] BRDs are required in shrimp trawl nets working in the federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic regions.
A pulsed electric field-based shark and ray bycatch mitigation device, SharkGuard, was reported by study to have reduced bycatch of blue shark by 91% and of stingrays by 71% with commercial fishing gear in a French longline tuna fishery in the Mediterranean.[2][3]
Legal imperative
Officially, National Standard 9 was added to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act in 1996 to address the need to control the magnitude of bycatching. The standard mandates minimizing bycatch to the extent practicable and minimizing mortality of unavoidable bycatch.[4] Congress increased requirements to protect this harvest in the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act. In response to these mandates, NOAA Fisheries (National Marine Fisheries Service) developed an ongoing by-catch plan and published Amendment 10[5] to the Fisheries Management Plan of the Gulf of Mexico Fisheries Management Council.
In conjunction with the plan, NOAA fisheries and other agencies collect data in order to monitor the extent and type of bycatch in all U.S. fishery regions. The associated research plan for the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic fisheries is available online. A portion of the Sea Grant website is dedicated to providing information and an archive of articles about the conservation efforts of commercial shrimpers associated with the use of BRDs in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic regions.
Research
Between 1990 and 1996, research in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic shrimp trawl fisheries examined the proportions of catch and bycatch by weight. The data indicated that catches in the Gulf consisted of about 67 percent finned fish, 16 percent commercial shrimp, 13 percent non-commercial shrimp, and 4 percent other invertebrates. In the South Atlantic, the catch averaged 51 percent finned fish, 18 percent commercial shrimp, 13 percent non-commercial shrimp and crustaceans, and 18 percent non-crustacean invertebrates (by weight).
After insertion of various types of BRDs in the shrimp trawl nets, significant reductions were noted for Spanish mackerel, weakfish, croakers and spot in the South Atlantic region and for Atlantic croakers, king mackerel, Spanish mackerel and red snapper in the Gulf region. Red snapper conservation is one of the primary reasons for interest in BRDs by the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council.
During 1997 and 1998, trawls in federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic regions were required to insert and use a BRD in their nets. This device is installed in the cod end of a shrimp trawl for the purpose of excluding finfish from the net. Since then, NOAA fisheries have certified three types of BRDs for use in the Gulf of Mexico region: the Gulf Fisheye, the Jones-Davis, and the Fisheye BRDs; and five for the south Atlantic region: the Extended Funnel, Expanded Mesh, Fisheye, Gulf Fisheye and Jones-Davis BRDs.
According to research conducted during 2003-2004, the Extended Funnel BRD and an Expanded Mesh BRD were found to be successful in the South Atlantic, while the 12” by 5” Fisheye BRD was considered successful in both South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico waters. These conclusions are subject to continuing research.
References
^Jenkins, Lekelia D. "Reducing sea turtle bycatch in trawl nets: A history of NMFS turtle excluder device (TED) research" (PDF). Marine Fisheries Review. 74 (2): 26–44.
^"New gadget could reduce shark bycatch by 90%". The Guardian. 21 November 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
^Doherty, Philip D.; Enever, Robert; Omeyer, Lucy C. M.; Tivenan, Lydia; Course, Grant; Pasco, Guy; Thomas, David; Sullivan, Ben; Kibel, Ben; Kibel, Pete; Godley, Brendan J. (21 November 2022). "Efficacy of a novel shark bycatch mitigation device in a tuna longline fishery". Current Biology. 32 (22): R1260–R1261. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.003. hdl:10871/132022. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 36413965.
^"50 CFR § 600.350 - National Standard 9 - Bycatch".
"N.C. Bycatch Reduction Device (BRD) Specifications". North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
"Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRD)". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
August 20, 2023
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In the fishery business a bycatch reduction device is a tool designed to minimize unintended capture or bycatch of marine animals thus reducing the adverse effects of fishing on the ecosystem Contents 1 Development 2 Legal imperative 3 Research 4 References 5 External linksDevelopment EditThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information January 2023 To minimize accidental capture of marine animals National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA fisheries developed and tested bycatch reduction devices BRDs These devices are openings in shrimp trawl nets that allow finfish or other unwanted aquatic animals to escape while the target species such as shrimp is directed towards the tail bag or cod end of the net The placement and design have been developed in conjunction with normal bottom trawling practices using trawl nets outfitted with a turtle excluder device 1 BRDs are required in shrimp trawl nets working in the federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic regions A pulsed electric field based shark and ray bycatch mitigation device SharkGuard was reported by study to have reduced bycatch of blue shark by 91 and of stingrays by 71 with commercial fishing gear in a French longline tuna fishery in the Mediterranean 2 3 Legal imperative EditOfficially National Standard 9 was added to the Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act in 1996 to address the need to control the magnitude of bycatching The standard mandates minimizing bycatch to the extent practicable and minimizing mortality of unavoidable bycatch 4 Congress increased requirements to protect this harvest in the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act In response to these mandates NOAA Fisheries National Marine Fisheries Service developed an ongoing by catch plan and published Amendment 10 5 to the Fisheries Management Plan of the Gulf of Mexico Fisheries Management Council In conjunction with the plan NOAA fisheries and other agencies collect data in order to monitor the extent and type of bycatch in all U S fishery regions The associated research plan for the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic fisheries is available online A portion of the Sea Grant website is dedicated to providing information and an archive of articles about the conservation efforts of commercial shrimpers associated with the use of BRDs in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic regions Research EditBetween 1990 and 1996 research in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic shrimp trawl fisheries examined the proportions of catch and bycatch by weight The data indicated that catches in the Gulf consisted of about 67 percent finned fish 16 percent commercial shrimp 13 percent non commercial shrimp and 4 percent other invertebrates In the South Atlantic the catch averaged 51 percent finned fish 18 percent commercial shrimp 13 percent non commercial shrimp and crustaceans and 18 percent non crustacean invertebrates by weight After insertion of various types of BRDs in the shrimp trawl nets significant reductions were noted for Spanish mackerel weakfish croakers and spot in the South Atlantic region and for Atlantic croakers king mackerel Spanish mackerel and red snapper in the Gulf region Red snapper conservation is one of the primary reasons for interest in BRDs by the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council During 1997 and 1998 trawls in federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic regions were required to insert and use a BRD in their nets This device is installed in the cod end of a shrimp trawl for the purpose of excluding finfish from the net Since then NOAA fisheries have certified three types of BRDs for use in the Gulf of Mexico region the Gulf Fisheye the Jones Davis and the Fisheye BRDs and five for the south Atlantic region the Extended Funnel Expanded Mesh Fisheye Gulf Fisheye and Jones Davis BRDs According to research conducted during 2003 2004 the Extended Funnel BRD and an Expanded Mesh BRD were found to be successful in the South Atlantic while the 12 by 5 Fisheye BRD was considered successful in both South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico waters These conclusions are subject to continuing research References Edit Jenkins Lekelia D Reducing sea turtle bycatch in trawl nets A history of NMFS turtle excluder device TED research PDF Marine Fisheries Review 74 2 26 44 New gadget could reduce shark bycatch by 90 The Guardian 21 November 2022 Retrieved 18 December 2022 Doherty Philip D Enever Robert Omeyer Lucy C M Tivenan Lydia Course Grant Pasco Guy Thomas David Sullivan Ben Kibel Ben Kibel Pete Godley Brendan J 21 November 2022 Efficacy of a novel shark bycatch mitigation device in a tuna longline fishery Current Biology 32 22 R1260 R1261 doi 10 1016 j cub 2022 09 003 hdl 10871 132022 ISSN 0960 9822 PMID 36413965 50 CFR 600 350 National Standard 9 Bycatch Shrimp Fishery Management PlanExternal links Edit N C Bycatch Reduction Device BRD Specifications North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources Bycatch Reduction Devices BRD Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bycatch reduction device amp oldid 1170917666, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
