Double-striped thick-knee
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The double-striped thick-knee (Hesperoburhinus bistriatus) is a stone-curlew, a group of waders in the family Burhinidae. The vernacular name refers to the prominent joints in the long greenish-grey legs, and bistriatus to the two stripes of the head pattern.
| Double-striped thick-knee | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Burhinidae |
| Genus: | Hesperoburhinus |
| Species: | H. bistriatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Hesperoburhinus bistriatus (Wagler, 1829) | |
range (year-round resident) | |
Taxonomy edit
The double-striped thick-knee was formally described in 1829 by the German naturalist Johann Georg Wagler from a specimen collected in Mexico. He coined the binomial name Charadrius bistriatus.[2] The specific epithet bistriatus combines the Latin bi- meaning "two-" or "double-" with striatus meaning "stripe".[3] The double-striped thick-knee is now placed in the genus Burhinus that was erected by the German zoologist Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger in 1811.[4][5] In IOC 14.1, the double-striped thick-knee was transferred to the newly described genus Hesperoburhinus.[6]
Four subspecies are recognised:[5]
- H. b. bistriatus (Wagler, 1829) – south Mexico to northwest Costa Rica
- H. b. vocifer (L'Herminier, 1837) – Venezuela, Guyana and north Brazil
- H. b. pediacus (Wetmore & Borrero), 1964 – north Colombia
- H. b. dominicensis (Cory, 1883) – Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti)
Description edit
The double-striped thick-knee is a medium-large wader with a strong black and yellow bill, large yellow eyes, which give it a reptilian appearance, and cryptic plumage. The adult is about 46 to 50 cm (18–20 in) long and weighs about 780 to 785 g (27.5–27.7 oz). It has finely streaked grey-brown upperparts, and a paler brown neck and breast merging into the white belly. The head has a strong white supercilium bordered above by a black stripe. Juveniles are similar to adults, but have slightly darker brown upperparts and a whitish nape. The double-striped thick-knee is striking in flight, with a white patch on the dark upperwing, and a white underwing with a black rear edge.
The four subspecies differ in size and plumage tone, but individual variation makes identification of races difficult.
Distribution and habitat edit
It is a resident breeder in Central and South America from southern Mexico south to Colombia, Venezuela and northern Brazil. It also occurs on Hispaniola and some of the Venezuelan Caribbean islands, and is a very rare vagrant to Trinidad, Curaçao and the USA. It prefers arid grassland, savanna, and other dry, open habitats.
Behaviour edit
This is a largely nocturnal and crepuscular species. It flies only reluctantly, relying on crouching and camouflage for concealment. The double-striped thick-knee eats large insects and other small vertebrate and invertebrate prey. It is sometimes semi-domesticated because of its useful function in controlling insects, and has benefited from the clearing of woodlands to create pasture. The song, given at night, is a loud kee-kee-kee.
Breeding edit
The nest is a bare scrape into which two olive-brown eggs are laid and incubated by both adults for 25–27 days to hatching. The downy young are precocial and soon leave the nest.
References edit
- ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Burhinus bistriatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22693594A163320186. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22693594A163320186.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Wagler, Johann Georg (1829). "Beyträge und Bemerkungen zu dem ersten Bande seines Systema Avium". Isis von Oken (in German and Latin). 22. Col 645–664 [648].
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Illiger, Johann Karl Wilhelm (1811). Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium (in Latin). Berolini [Berlin]: Sumptibus C. Salfeld. p. 250.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2021). "Buttonquail, thick-knees, sheathbills, plovers, oystercatchers, stilts, painted-snipes, jacanas, Plains-wanderer, seedsnipes". IOC World Bird List Version 11.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
- ^ International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela (eds.). "IOC World Bird List 14.1" (xlsx). Retrieved 2023-12-20.
- ffrench, Richard (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
- Hilty, Steven L (2003). Birds of Venezuela. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.
- Stiles, F. Gary; Skutch, Alexander F. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica. Comstock Publishing Associates. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4.
- Hayman, Peter; Marchant, John; Prater, Tony (1991). Shorebirds. Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-0-395-60237-9.
External links edit
- "Double-striped thick-knee media". Internet Bird Collection.
- , ; at Borderland Tours
- Double-striped thick-knee photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
- Double-striped thick-knee species account at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
- Interactive range map of Burhinus bistriatus at IUCN Red List maps