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Styrene-butadiene

Styrene-butadiene or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) describe families of synthetic rubbers derived from styrene and butadiene (the version developed by Goodyear is called Neolite[1]). These materials have good abrasion resistance and good aging stability when protected by additives. In 2012, more than 5.4 million tonnes of SBR were processed worldwide.[2] About 50% of car tires are made from various types of SBR. The styrene/butadiene ratio influences the properties of the polymer: with high styrene content, the rubbers are harder and less rubbery.[3] SBR is not to be confused with the thermoplastic elastomer, styrene-butadiene block copolymer, although being derived from the same monomers.

Styrene-butadiene
Identifiers
  • 9003-55-8 Y
ECHA InfoCard 100.127.439
  • DTXSID0049654
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y verify (what is YN ?)

Types of SBR

SBR is derived from two monomers, styrene and butadiene. The mixture of these two monomers is polymerized by two processes: from solution (S-SBR) or as an emulsion (E-SBR).[4] E-SBR is more widely used.

Emulsion polymerization

E-SBR produced by emulsion polymerization is initiated by free radicals. Reaction vessels are typically charged with the two monomers, a free radical generator, and a chain transfer agent such as an alkyl mercaptan. Radical initiators include potassium persulfate and hydroperoxides in combination with ferrous salts. Emulsifying agents include various soaps. By "capping" the growing organic radicals, mercaptans (e.g. dodecylthiol), control the molecular weight, and hence the viscosity, of the product. Typically, polymerizations are allowed to proceed only to ca. 70%, a method called "short stopping". In this way, various additives can be removed from the polymer.[3]

Solution polymerization

Solution-SBR is produced by an anionic polymerization process. Polymerization is initiated by alkyl lithium compounds. Water and oxygen are strictly excluded. The process is homogeneous (all components are dissolved), which provides greater control over the process, allowing tailoring of the polymer. The organolithium compound adds to one of the monomers , generating a carbanion that then adds to another monomer, and so on. For tire manufacture, S-SBR is increasingly favored because it offers improved wet grip and reduced rolling resistance, which translate to greater safety and better fuel economy, respectively.[5]

Buna S

The material was initially marketed with the brand name Buna S. Its name derives Bu for butadiene and Na for sodium (natrium in several languages including Latin, German, and Dutch), and S for styrene.[6][7][5] Buna S is an addition copolymer.

Properties

Property S-SBR E-SBR
Tensile strength (MPa) 36 20
Elongation at tear (%) 565 635
Mooney viscosity, 100 °C 48.0 51.6
Glass transition temperature (°C) −65 −50
Polydispersity 2.1 4.5

Applications

 
An SBR chain

It is a commodity material which competes with natural rubber. The elastomer is used widely in pneumatic tires. This application mainly calls for E-SBR, although S-SBR is growing in popularity. Other uses include shoe heels and soles, gaskets, and even chewing gum.[3]

Latex (emulsion) SBR is extensively used in coated papers, being one of the cheapest resins to bind pigmented coatings.

It is also used in building applications, as a sealing and binding agent behind renders as an alternative to PVA, but is more expensive. In the latter application, it offers better durability, reduced shrinkage and increased flexibility, as well as being resistant to emulsification in damp conditions.

SBR is often used as part of cement based substructural (basement)waterproofing systems where as a liquid it is mixed with water to form the Gauging solution for mixing the powdered Tanking material to a slurry. SBR aids the bond strength, reduces the potential for shrinkage and adds an element of flexibility.

It is also used by speaker driver manufacturers as the material for Low Damping Rubber Surrounds.

Additionally, it is used in some rubber cutting boards.

SBR is also used as a binder in lithium-ion battery electrodes, in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose as a water-based alternative for, e.g. polyvinylidene fluoride.[8]

Styrene-butane rubber is also used in gasketed-plate heat exchangers. It is used at moderate temperature up to 85 deg C, (358 K) for aqueous systems.[9]

SBS Filaments[10] also exist for FDM 3D printing

History

SBR is a replacement for natural rubber. It was originally developed prior to World War II in Germany by chemist Walter Bock in 1929.[11] Industrial manufacture began during World War II, and was used extensively by the U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program to produce Government Rubber-Styrene (GR-S); to replace the Southeast Asian supply of natural rubber which, under Japanese occupation, was unavailable to Allied nations.[12][13]

See also

References

  1. ^ Steven Di Pilla (2 June 2004), Slip and Fall Prevention: A Practical Handbook, CRC, p. 82, ISBN 978-0-203-49672-5
  2. ^ Market Study Synthetic Rubber . Archived from the original on 2015-03-18. Retrieved 2013-08-23., published by Ceresana, June 2013
  3. ^ a b c Werner Obrecht, Jean-Pierre Lambert, Michael Happ, Christiane Oppenheimer-Stix, John Dunn, Ralf Krüger (2012). "Rubber, 4. Emulsion Rubber". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.o23_o01.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  4. ^ article on S-SBR (retrieved 2011-12-02)
  5. ^ a b H.-D.Brandt et al. "Rubber, 5. Solution Rubbers" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.o23_o02
  6. ^ Mark Michalovic (2000) "The Story of Rubber. Germany: The Birth of Buna" from The Polymer Learning Center and Chemical Heritage Foundation
  7. ^ Evonik Industries Invention and Production of Buna
  8. ^ . Archived from the original on 2016-03-25.
  9. ^ K., Sinnott, R. (2009). Chemical engineering design. Towler, Gavin. (5th ed., SI ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemamn. ISBN 9780750685511. OCLC 774295558.
  10. ^ "SBS PLUS - SA FILAMENT".
  11. ^ Malcolm Tatum What is syrene-butadiene rubber from Wisegeek
  12. ^ Wendt, Paul (1947). "The Control of Rubber in World War II". Southern Economic Journal. Southern Economic Association. 13 (3): 203–227. doi:10.2307/1053336. JSTOR 1053336.
  13. ^ . Chemical Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on December 5, 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2013.

styrene, butadiene, styrene, butadiene, rubber, describe, families, synthetic, rubbers, derived, from, styrene, butadiene, version, developed, goodyear, called, neolite, these, materials, have, good, abrasion, resistance, good, aging, stability, when, protecte. Styrene butadiene or styrene butadiene rubber SBR describe families of synthetic rubbers derived from styrene and butadiene the version developed by Goodyear is called Neolite 1 These materials have good abrasion resistance and good aging stability when protected by additives In 2012 more than 5 4 million tonnes of SBR were processed worldwide 2 About 50 of car tires are made from various types of SBR The styrene butadiene ratio influences the properties of the polymer with high styrene content the rubbers are harder and less rubbery 3 SBR is not to be confused with the thermoplastic elastomer styrene butadiene block copolymer although being derived from the same monomers Styrene butadiene IdentifiersCAS Number 9003 55 8 YECHA InfoCard 100 127 439CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID0049654Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa Y verify what is Y N Infobox references Contents 1 Types of SBR 1 1 Emulsion polymerization 1 2 Solution polymerization 2 Buna S 3 Properties 4 Applications 5 History 6 See also 7 ReferencesTypes of SBR EditSBR is derived from two monomers styrene and butadiene The mixture of these two monomers is polymerized by two processes from solution S SBR or as an emulsion E SBR 4 E SBR is more widely used Emulsion polymerization Edit E SBR produced by emulsion polymerization is initiated by free radicals Reaction vessels are typically charged with the two monomers a free radical generator and a chain transfer agent such as an alkyl mercaptan Radical initiators include potassium persulfate and hydroperoxides in combination with ferrous salts Emulsifying agents include various soaps By capping the growing organic radicals mercaptans e g dodecylthiol control the molecular weight and hence the viscosity of the product Typically polymerizations are allowed to proceed only to ca 70 a method called short stopping In this way various additives can be removed from the polymer 3 Solution polymerization Edit Solution SBR is produced by an anionic polymerization process Polymerization is initiated by alkyl lithium compounds Water and oxygen are strictly excluded The process is homogeneous all components are dissolved which provides greater control over the process allowing tailoring of the polymer The organolithium compound adds to one of the monomers generating a carbanion that then adds to another monomer and so on For tire manufacture S SBR is increasingly favored because it offers improved wet grip and reduced rolling resistance which translate to greater safety and better fuel economy respectively 5 Buna S EditThe material was initially marketed with the brand name Buna S Its name derives Bu for butadiene and Na for sodium natrium in several languages including Latin German and Dutch and S for styrene 6 7 5 Buna S is an addition copolymer Properties EditProperty S SBR E SBRTensile strength MPa 36 20Elongation at tear 565 635Mooney viscosity 100 C 48 0 51 6Glass transition temperature C 65 50Polydispersity 2 1 4 5Applications Edit An SBR chain This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message It is a commodity material which competes with natural rubber The elastomer is used widely in pneumatic tires This application mainly calls for E SBR although S SBR is growing in popularity Other uses include shoe heels and soles gaskets and even chewing gum 3 Latex emulsion SBR is extensively used in coated papers being one of the cheapest resins to bind pigmented coatings It is also used in building applications as a sealing and binding agent behind renders as an alternative to PVA but is more expensive In the latter application it offers better durability reduced shrinkage and increased flexibility as well as being resistant to emulsification in damp conditions SBR is often used as part of cement based substructural basement waterproofing systems where as a liquid it is mixed with water to form the Gauging solution for mixing the powdered Tanking material to a slurry SBR aids the bond strength reduces the potential for shrinkage and adds an element of flexibility It is also used by speaker driver manufacturers as the material for Low Damping Rubber Surrounds Additionally it is used in some rubber cutting boards SBR is also used as a binder in lithium ion battery electrodes in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose as a water based alternative for e g polyvinylidene fluoride 8 Styrene butane rubber is also used in gasketed plate heat exchangers It is used at moderate temperature up to 85 deg C 358 K for aqueous systems 9 SBS Filaments 10 also exist for FDM 3D printingHistory EditSBR is a replacement for natural rubber It was originally developed prior to World War II in Germany by chemist Walter Bock in 1929 11 Industrial manufacture began during World War II and was used extensively by the U S Synthetic Rubber Program to produce Government Rubber Styrene GR S to replace the Southeast Asian supply of natural rubber which under Japanese occupation was unavailable to Allied nations 12 13 See also EditSynthetic rubber Nitrile rubber Elastomer Ozone cracking TireReferences Edit Steven Di Pilla 2 June 2004 Slip and Fall Prevention A Practical Handbook CRC p 82 ISBN 978 0 203 49672 5 Market Study Synthetic Rubber Marktstudie Synthetische Elastomere von Ceresana Archived from the original on 2015 03 18 Retrieved 2013 08 23 published by Ceresana June 2013 a b c Werner Obrecht Jean Pierre Lambert Michael Happ Christiane Oppenheimer Stix John Dunn Ralf Kruger 2012 Rubber 4 Emulsion Rubber Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Weinheim Wiley VCH doi 10 1002 14356007 o23 o01 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link International Institute of Synthetic rubber Producers Inc IISRP article on S SBR retrieved 2011 12 02 a b H D Brandt et al Rubber 5 Solution Rubbers in Ullmann s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2012 Wiley VCH Weinheim doi 10 1002 14356007 o23 o02 Mark Michalovic 2000 The Story of Rubber Germany The Birth of Buna from The Polymer Learning Center and Chemical Heritage Foundation Evonik Industries Invention and Production of Buna Water based anode binder JSR Micro NV Archived from the original on 2016 03 25 K Sinnott R 2009 Chemical engineering design Towler Gavin 5th ed SI ed Oxford Butterworth Heinemamn ISBN 9780750685511 OCLC 774295558 SBS PLUS SA FILAMENT Malcolm Tatum What is syrene butadiene rubber from Wisegeek Wendt Paul 1947 The Control of Rubber in World War II Southern Economic Journal Southern Economic Association 13 3 203 227 doi 10 2307 1053336 JSTOR 1053336 Rubber Matters Solving the World War II Rubber Problem amp Collaboration Chemical Heritage Foundation Archived from the original on December 5 2014 Retrieved 24 June 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Styrene butadiene amp oldid 1116120002, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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