Bufotes surdus, also known as Iranian earless toad, Iranian toad, Pakistan toad, or Luristan toad (not to be confused with Lorestan toad), is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in southern Iran and western Pakistan.[1][2] There is also an isolated record from eastern Iraq.[1]
Bufotes surdus is a medium-small toad with a snout–to–vent length of about 4–6 cm (1.6–2.4 in) in adults.[3][4] Unlike most species of Bufotes but similar to its close relative B. luristanicus, it has no visible tympanum (either absent or tiny and covered by the skin),[4][5] hence the common name "earless toad".[2] It is typically quite dull and plain-coloured, but it may have some inconspicuous greenish markings, especially to the limbs, and occasionally a larger amount of small greenish ring-shaped spots.[4]
Two subspecies are recognized,[2] but their separation is questionable (annulatus was described based on features that often are individually variable in toads) and require further study.[4][5]
Bufotes surdus annulatus (Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1969)
Bufotes surdus surdus (Boulenger, 1891)
Common name ring-spotted earless toad can be used to specifically refer to Bufotes surdus annulatus.[2]
Habitat and conservationedit
Bufotes surdus inhabits oases and pools in irrigated areas and their surroundings at elevations of 0–2,250 m (0–7,382 ft) above sea level. Breeding takes place during the monsoons when males gather in temporal pools. The eggs are deposited around vegetation in ponds. During the dry season these animals seek damp areas under stones and within vegetation. It can be a locally common species, but its ecology is little known and it has sometimes been confused with juveniles of other Bufotes species. It is threatened by intensification of agriculture, including agricultural pollution. Extended periods of drought can cause local population declines. Some populations occur within protected areas.[1]
Referencesedit
^ abcdMuhammad Sharif Khan, Matthias Stöck, Theodore Papenfuss, Steven Anderson, Sergius Kuzmin, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Mozafar Sharifi, Soheila Shafiei Bafti, Sushil Dutta.; Annemarie Ohler (2015). "Bufotes surdus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T54772A74505632. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T54772A74505632.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ abcdeFrost, Darrel R. (2020). "Bufotes surdus (Boulenger, 1891)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
^Parvaresh, Z.; N. Seddighi; F. Roushenas; S. Rahimi; E. Hasani; Z. Mossadeghi; M. Nokhbatolfoghahai (2016). "Reproductive strategy and embryonic development of Bufotes surdus annulatus in Iran". Salamandra. 52 (3): 230–242.
^ abcdStöck, M.; R. Günther; W. Böhme (2001). "Progress towards a taxonomic revision of the Asian Bufo viridis group: current status of nominal taxa and unsolved problems (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae)". Zoologische Abhandlungen – Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden. 51: 253–319.
^ abJavari, M.; F. Torki (2009). "Notes on morphology, ecology, behavior and systematics of Bufo luristanicus SCHMIDT, 1952 (Anura: Bufonidae)". Herpetozoa. 21 (3/4): 171–178.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bufo surdus.
This Bufonidae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
bufotes, surdus, also, known, iranian, earless, toad, iranian, toad, pakistan, toad, luristan, toad, confused, with, lorestan, toad, species, toad, family, bufonidae, found, southern, iran, western, pakistan, there, also, isolated, record, from, eastern, iraq,. Bufotes surdus also known as Iranian earless toad Iranian toad Pakistan toad or Luristan toad not to be confused with Lorestan toad is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae It is found in southern Iran and western Pakistan 1 2 There is also an isolated record from eastern Iraq 1 Bufotes surdus Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia Order Anura Family Bufonidae Genus Bufotes Species B surdus Binomial name Bufotes surdus Boulenger 1891 Synonyms 2 Bufo persicus Steindachner 1867Bufo surdus Boulenger 1891Bufo viridis var persica Nikolskii 1900 1899 Bufo persicus Nikolskii 1904Pseudepidalea surda Boulenger 1891 Appearance and subspecies editBufotes surdus is a medium small toad with a snout to vent length of about 4 6 cm 1 6 2 4 in in adults 3 4 Unlike most species of Bufotes but similar to its close relative B luristanicus it has no visible tympanum either absent or tiny and covered by the skin 4 5 hence the common name earless toad 2 It is typically quite dull and plain coloured but it may have some inconspicuous greenish markings especially to the limbs and occasionally a larger amount of small greenish ring shaped spots 4 Two subspecies are recognized 2 but their separation is questionable annulatus was described based on features that often are individually variable in toads and require further study 4 5 Bufotes surdus annulatus Schmidtler and Schmidtler 1969 Bufotes surdus surdus Boulenger 1891 Common name ring spotted earless toad can be used to specifically refer to Bufotes surdus annulatus 2 Habitat and conservation editBufotes surdus inhabits oases and pools in irrigated areas and their surroundings at elevations of 0 2 250 m 0 7 382 ft above sea level Breeding takes place during the monsoons when males gather in temporal pools The eggs are deposited around vegetation in ponds During the dry season these animals seek damp areas under stones and within vegetation It can be a locally common species but its ecology is little known and it has sometimes been confused with juveniles of other Bufotes species It is threatened by intensification of agriculture including agricultural pollution Extended periods of drought can cause local population declines Some populations occur within protected areas 1 References edit a b c d Muhammad Sharif Khan Matthias Stock Theodore Papenfuss Steven Anderson Sergius Kuzmin Nasrullah Rastegar Pouyani Mozafar Sharifi Soheila Shafiei Bafti Sushil Dutta Annemarie Ohler 2015 Bufotes surdus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 e T54772A74505632 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2015 1 RLTS T54772A74505632 en Retrieved 17 November 2021 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link a b c d e Frost Darrel R 2020 Bufotes surdus Boulenger 1891 Amphibian Species of the World an Online Reference Version 6 0 American Museum of Natural History Retrieved 20 February 2020 Parvaresh Z N Seddighi F Roushenas S Rahimi E Hasani Z Mossadeghi M Nokhbatolfoghahai 2016 Reproductive strategy and embryonic development of Bufotes surdus annulatus in Iran Salamandra 52 3 230 242 a b c d Stock M R Gunther W Bohme 2001 Progress towards a taxonomic revision of the Asian Bufo viridis group current status of nominal taxa and unsolved problems Amphibia Anura Bufonidae Zoologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden 51 253 319 a b Javari M F Torki 2009 Notes on morphology ecology behavior and systematics of Bufo luristanicus SCHMIDT 1952 Anura Bufonidae Herpetozoa 21 3 4 171 178 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bufo surdus nbsp This Bufonidae article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bufotes surdus amp oldid 1072543294, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
