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Bruton

January 20, 2023

This article is about the town in Somerset, England. For other uses, see Bruton (disambiguation).
"Plox" redirects here. For the slang word, see Please.

Bruton (/ˈbruːtən/ BROO-tən) is a market town, electoral ward, and civil parish in Somerset, England, on the River Brue and the A359 between Frome and Yeovil. It is 7 miles (11 km) south-east of Shepton Mallet, just south of Snakelake Hill and Coombe Hill, 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Gillingham and 12 miles (19 km) south-west of Frome in South Somerset district. The town and ward have a population of 2,907.[1] The parish includes the hamlets of Wyke Champflower and Redlynch. Bruton has a museum of items from the Jurassic era onwards.

Bruton

Bruton taken from the Dovecote
Bruton
Location within Somerset
Population2,907 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceST684350
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBRUTON
Postcode districtBA10
Dialling code01749
PoliceAvon and Somerset
FireDevon and Somerset
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Somerset
51°06′48″N 2°27′10″W / 51.113411°N 2.452801°W / 51.113411; -2.452801Coordinates: 51°06′48″N 2°27′10″W / 51.113411°N 2.452801°W / 51.113411; -2.452801

It includes a table used by the author John Steinbeck on a six-month stay. The Brue is flood-prone – in 1768 it wrecked a stone bridge. The 242.8 mm of rain that fell on 28 June 1917 left a river watermark on a pub wall 20 feet above the mean.[2][3][4] In 1984 a protective dam was built upstream.[5]

History

The Church of St Mary, Bruton was founded by Ine of Wessex in the 7th century,[6]

Bruton was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Briuuetone, meaning "Vigorously flowing river" from the Old English tor and Celtic briw meaning vigour.[7] The river has been the site of several watermills and in 2003 the South Somerset Hydropower Group installed their first hydroelectric turbine at Gants Mill at nearby Pitcombe.[8][9]

Bruton Abbey, a medieval Augustinian priory from which a wall remains in the Plox close to Bow Bridge, was sold after the dissolution of the monasteries to the courtier Sir Maurice Berkeley (died 1581), whose Bruton branch of the Berkeley family converted it into a mansion, which was demolished in the late 18th century.[10]

The Dovecote which overlooks Bruton dates from the 16th century. It was at one time used as a house, possibly as a watchtower and as a dovecote. It is a Grade II* listed building,[11] and ancient monument.[12][13] managed by the National Trust. The building was once within the deerpark of the Abbey. It was adapted by the monks from a gabled Tudor tower.[14] The conversion to be a dovecote took place around 1780.[15] It has over 200 pigeon holes.[16]

Bruton was part of the hundred of Bruton.[17]

Bruton is referenced in a well-known English folk song, The Bramble Briar. A rare copy of an inspeximus of Magna Carta was found in Bruton in the 1950s and claimed by King's School, Bruton. The sale of the copy to the Australian National Museum paid for much building work at the school.[citation needed]

Much of the town's history appears in the Bruton Museum's Dovecote Building in the High Street. It includes a tourist information office.[18] Bruton Museum Society, formed in 1989, involves the community and local schools in developing the collection of local artefacts. It was initially housed beneath the Co-Op, then in a disused coach house owned by a bank. It moved in 1999 to its current location, which was jointly purchased by South Somerset District Council and Bruton Town Council.[19][20] The museum also marks the time spent in the town by John Steinbeck. It has organised exhibitions at King's School, including one in 2008 on the work of Ernst Blensdorf.[21] In 2010, an anonymous donor agreed to pay the rent on the building, removing earlier doubts about its viability.[22]

In December 2012, plans were announced by Hauser & Wirth to open a gallery and arts centre at a derelict farm outside Bruton.[23] This occurred on 14 September 2014.[24]

Governance

The town council has responsibility for local issues. It sets an annual precept (local rate) to cover its operating costs and produces annual accounts for public scrutiny. The town council evaluates local planning applications and works with local police, district council officers and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security and traffic. It initiates projects for maintaining and repairing parish facilities, and consults with the district council on maintenance, repair and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also covered.

The town falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 It had previously been part of Wincanton Rural District.[25] The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.

Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and costliest local services, such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.

Bruton falls in the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects a member by the first past the post system.

Transport

Bruton railway station is on the Reading–Taunton line, a branch of the Great Western Main Line, between Westbury and Taunton. The route is the most direct between London (Paddington) and the West Country (ending at Penzance), but is slower for geographical reasons. The stretch between Westbury and Castle Cary is also part of the Heart of Wessex line, served by Great Western Railway services between Bristol Temple Meads and Weymouth.

In December 2015, South West Trains introduced a rail service between London Waterloo, Salisbury and Yeovil Pen Mill, giving Bruton its first direct London service for some years.

Bus services are operated by South West Coaches.

Geography

Work to build the railway at Bruton Railway Cutting exposed geology of the epoch of the Middle Jurassic. It is among the best places in England to display the stratigraphic distinction of ammonites in the Subcontractus and Morrisi zones.[26]

The nearby Godminster Lane Quarry and Railway Cutting is another geological Site of Special Scientific Interest, for study of the Inferior Oolite limestones, of the Middle Jurassic age, laid down in a warm shallow sea some 175 million years ago. The site is unique in that the limestones seen are more closely comparable with rocks of similar age found in the Cotswolds than with rock sequences elsewhere in Somerset. However, the rocks contain the rich assemblage of fossil ammonites typical of the north Dorset/south Somerset area. This feature, along with the unusual limestone sequence, makes the site unique. It is also important as a reference for three sub-divisions (zones) of the Inferior Oolite – the laeviscula, discites and concavum Zones.[27]

Churches

Both the 14th-century Church of St Mary,[28] and the Church of the Holy Trinity, in Wyke Champflower,[29] dated at 1623, are Grade I listed buildings.

John Wesley preached in Bruton in 1776. A Methodist chapel at West End was opened in 1848.[30] The congregation was served by the Somerset Mission Circuit and more recently by the Somerset Mendip Circuit.[31]

Schools

Bruton is known for three long-standing secondary schools – King's School, Bruton (founded 1519); Sexey's School (founded 1889); and Bruton School for Girls (Sunny Hill) (founded 1900). Each has a sixth form, and a tradition of boarding.

One of Bruton's notable historic characters was Hugh Sexey (1556–1619), who was born locally and attended Bruton Grammar School. By the age of 43 he was appointed as Royal auditor of the Exchequer to Queen Elizabeth I and later King James I. After his death, his trustees established Sexey's Hospital in Bruton as an institution to care for the elderly. Sexey's trust was mainly involved with educational causes. The politician behind the Education Act 1902, Henry Hobhouse, MP (1854–1937), was involved in founding of Sexey's School and Sunny Hill.

Notable residents

References

  1. ^ a b "Statistics for Wards, LSOAs and Parishes — SUMMARY Profiles" (Excel). Somerset Intelligence. from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  2. ^ Singh, Vijay P. (15–18 December 2003). Watershed Hydrology: Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment. Bhopal, India: Allied Publishers. pp. 426, 485–488. ISBN 978-81-7764-547-7.
  3. ^ . wiseweather.co.uk. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2008.
  4. ^ Simons, Paul (27 June 2007). "June's freak downpours have historical precedent". The Times. London. Retrieved 6 November 2008.
  5. ^ Clark, Colin (2004). . International Water Power and Dam Construction website. Progressive Media Markets Ltd. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2008.
  6. ^ . St Mary's Bruton. Archived from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  7. ^ Robinson, Stephen (1992). Somerset Place Names. Wimborne, Dorset: The Dovecote Press Ltd. ISBN 1-874336-03-2.
  8. ^ Mirage and oasis: Energy choices in an age of global warming 30 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, New Economics Foundation, ISBN 1-904882-01-3, published June 2005, accessed 11 June 2007.
  9. ^ Case Study – Gants Mill 12 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, British Hydropower Association, published 2004, accessed 11 June 2007.
  10. ^ Adkins, Lesley and Roy (1992). A Field Guide to Somerset Archaeology. Wimborne, Dorset: Dovecote Press. p. 31. ISBN 0-946159-94-7.
  11. ^ Historic England. "Dovecote about 370 metres South of Bruton Church (1056424)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  12. ^ "Dovecote, about 370 metres South of Bruton Church (also known as Pigeon Tower), Park Wall (North side), Bruton". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  13. ^ "Bruton Abbey". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  14. ^ Greeves, Lydia (2013). Houses of the National Trust. London: National Trust Books. p. 364. ISBN 9781907892486.
  15. ^ "Tower, S of the church, Bruton". Somerset Historic Environment Record. Somerset County Council. from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  16. ^ . Somerset Routes. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  17. ^ "Bruton Hundred". A History of Britain. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
  18. ^ "Bruton Museum". South Somerset Council. from the original on 8 November 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  19. ^ "Revenue Grant Requests – Bruton Museum and Wincanton Museum and History Society" (PDF). South Somerset Council. Retrieved 9 November 2010.[permanent dead link]
  20. ^ . Bruton Town. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  21. ^ "BRUTON MUSEUM AT KINGS SCHOOL Blensdorf Retrospective". Galleries UK. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  22. ^ "Anonymous donor ends museum's woes". Somerset Guardian. 16 March 2010. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
  23. ^ Brown, Mark (16 December 2012). "Hauser & Wirth to open new art gallery in Somerset". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  24. ^ "Doors Open at Hauser & Wirth Somerset – Arts :: Country Calling | Country Calling". www.countrycalling.co.uk. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  25. ^ "Wincanton RD". A vision of Britain Through Time. University of Portsmouth. from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
  26. ^ English Nature citation sheet for the site 10 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine; accessed 7 August 2006.
  27. ^ English Nature citation sheet for the site 13 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine; accessed 10 August 2006.
  28. ^ Historic England. "Church of St Mary (1056408)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 February 2007.
  29. ^ Historic England. "Church of the Holy Trinity (1366339)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 February 2007.
  30. ^ "British history online". Retrieved 23 October 2008.
  31. ^ Churches. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  32. ^ a b c d Neate, Rupert (10 July 2020). "'This isn't really Somerset': how the rich took over Bruton". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  33. ^ "Knowing me, Knowing you: Sarah Beeny and Graham Swift". The Independent. London. 15 November 2011.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bruton.
  • British History Online - Bruton Parish Detailed local history.
  • British History Online - Bruton Hundred Detailed local history for the wider Bruton area.
  • The Somerset Urban Archaeological Survey: , by Miranda Richardson
  • Bruton at Curlie
  • .
  • Bruton Town Council

January 20, 2023
bruton, this, article, about, town, somerset, england, other, uses, disambiguation, plox, redirects, here, slang, word, please, broo, tən, market, town, electoral, ward, civil, parish, somerset, england, river, brue, a359, between, frome, yeovil, miles, south,. This article is about the town in Somerset England For other uses see Bruton disambiguation Plox redirects here For the slang word see Please Bruton ˈ b r uː t en BROO ten is a market town electoral ward and civil parish in Somerset England on the River Brue and the A359 between Frome and Yeovil It is 7 miles 11 km south east of Shepton Mallet just south of Snakelake Hill and Coombe Hill 10 miles 16 km north west of Gillingham and 12 miles 19 km south west of Frome in South Somerset district The town and ward have a population of 2 907 1 The parish includes the hamlets of Wyke Champflower and Redlynch Bruton has a museum of items from the Jurassic era onwards BrutonBruton taken from the DovecoteBrutonLocation within SomersetPopulation2 907 2011 1 OS grid referenceST684350DistrictSouth SomersetShire countySomersetRegionSouth WestCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townBRUTONPostcode districtBA10Dialling code01749PoliceAvon and SomersetFireDevon and SomersetAmbulanceSouth WesternUK ParliamentSomerton and FromeList of places UK England Somerset 51 06 48 N 2 27 10 W 51 113411 N 2 452801 W 51 113411 2 452801 Coordinates 51 06 48 N 2 27 10 W 51 113411 N 2 452801 W 51 113411 2 452801It includes a table used by the author John Steinbeck on a six month stay The Brue is flood prone in 1768 it wrecked a stone bridge The 242 8 mm of rain that fell on 28 June 1917 left a river watermark on a pub wall 20 feet above the mean 2 3 4 In 1984 a protective dam was built upstream 5 Contents 1 History 2 Governance 3 Transport 4 Geography 5 Churches 6 Schools 7 Notable residents 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditThe Church of St Mary Bruton was founded by Ine of Wessex in the 7th century 6 Bruton was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Briuuetone meaning Vigorously flowing river from the Old English tor and Celtic briw meaning vigour 7 The river has been the site of several watermills and in 2003 the South Somerset Hydropower Group installed their first hydroelectric turbine at Gants Mill at nearby Pitcombe 8 9 Bruton Abbey a medieval Augustinian priory from which a wall remains in the Plox close to Bow Bridge was sold after the dissolution of the monasteries to the courtier Sir Maurice Berkeley died 1581 whose Bruton branch of the Berkeley family converted it into a mansion which was demolished in the late 18th century 10 The Dovecote which overlooks Bruton dates from the 16th century It was at one time used as a house possibly as a watchtower and as a dovecote It is a Grade II listed building 11 and ancient monument 12 13 managed by the National Trust The building was once within the deerpark of the Abbey It was adapted by the monks from a gabled Tudor tower 14 The conversion to be a dovecote took place around 1780 15 It has over 200 pigeon holes 16 Bruton was part of the hundred of Bruton 17 Bruton is referenced in a well known English folk song The Bramble Briar A rare copy of an inspeximus of Magna Carta was found in Bruton in the 1950s and claimed by King s School Bruton The sale of the copy to the Australian National Museum paid for much building work at the school citation needed Much of the town s history appears in the Bruton Museum s Dovecote Building in the High Street It includes a tourist information office 18 Bruton Museum Society formed in 1989 involves the community and local schools in developing the collection of local artefacts It was initially housed beneath the Co Op then in a disused coach house owned by a bank It moved in 1999 to its current location which was jointly purchased by South Somerset District Council and Bruton Town Council 19 20 The museum also marks the time spent in the town by John Steinbeck It has organised exhibitions at King s School including one in 2008 on the work of Ernst Blensdorf 21 In 2010 an anonymous donor agreed to pay the rent on the building removing earlier doubts about its viability 22 In December 2012 plans were announced by Hauser amp Wirth to open a gallery and arts centre at a derelict farm outside Bruton 23 This occurred on 14 September 2014 24 Governance EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bruton news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The town council has responsibility for local issues It sets an annual precept local rate to cover its operating costs and produces annual accounts for public scrutiny The town council evaluates local planning applications and works with local police district council officers and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime security and traffic It initiates projects for maintaining and repairing parish facilities and consults with the district council on maintenance repair and improvement of highways drainage footpaths public transport and street cleaning Conservation matters including trees and listed buildings and environmental issues are also covered The town falls within the Non metropolitan district of South Somerset formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 It had previously been part of Wincanton Rural District 25 The district council is responsible for local planning and building control local roads council housing environmental health markets and fairs refuse collection and recycling cemeteries and crematoria leisure services parks and tourism Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and costliest local services such as education social services libraries main roads public transport policing and fire services trading standards waste disposal and strategic planning Bruton falls in the Somerton and Frome county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom It elects a member by the first past the post system Transport EditBruton railway station is on the Reading Taunton line a branch of the Great Western Main Line between Westbury and Taunton The route is the most direct between London Paddington and the West Country ending at Penzance but is slower for geographical reasons The stretch between Westbury and Castle Cary is also part of the Heart of Wessex line served by Great Western Railway services between Bristol Temple Meads and Weymouth In December 2015 South West Trains introduced a rail service between London Waterloo Salisbury and Yeovil Pen Mill giving Bruton its first direct London service for some years Bus services are operated by South West Coaches Geography EditWork to build the railway at Bruton Railway Cutting exposed geology of the epoch of the Middle Jurassic It is among the best places in England to display the stratigraphic distinction of ammonites in the Subcontractus and Morrisi zones 26 The nearby Godminster Lane Quarry and Railway Cutting is another geological Site of Special Scientific Interest for study of the Inferior Oolite limestones of the Middle Jurassic age laid down in a warm shallow sea some 175 million years ago The site is unique in that the limestones seen are more closely comparable with rocks of similar age found in the Cotswolds than with rock sequences elsewhere in Somerset However the rocks contain the rich assemblage of fossil ammonites typical of the north Dorset south Somerset area This feature along with the unusual limestone sequence makes the site unique It is also important as a reference for three sub divisions zones of the Inferior Oolite the laeviscula discites and concavum Zones 27 Churches Edit Church of St Mary Bruton Both the 14th century Church of St Mary 28 and the Church of the Holy Trinity in Wyke Champflower 29 dated at 1623 are Grade I listed buildings John Wesley preached in Bruton in 1776 A Methodist chapel at West End was opened in 1848 30 The congregation was served by the Somerset Mission Circuit and more recently by the Somerset Mendip Circuit 31 Schools EditBruton is known for three long standing secondary schools King s School Bruton founded 1519 Sexey s School founded 1889 and Bruton School for Girls Sunny Hill founded 1900 Each has a sixth form and a tradition of boarding One of Bruton s notable historic characters was Hugh Sexey 1556 1619 who was born locally and attended Bruton Grammar School By the age of 43 he was appointed as Royal auditor of the Exchequer to Queen Elizabeth I and later King James I After his death his trustees established Sexey s Hospital in Bruton as an institution to care for the elderly Sexey s trust was mainly involved with educational causes The politician behind the Education Act 1902 Henry Hobhouse MP 1854 1937 was involved in founding of Sexey s School and Sunny Hill Notable residents EditKoos Bekker born 1952 businessman 32 Caroline Corr born 1973 musician 32 Cameron Mackintosh born 1946 knight bachelor musical theatre producer 32 Iwan Wirth born 1970 art dealer 32 Joe Wright director and Haley Bennett actress Sarah Beeny born 1972 property developer and TV personality 33 References Edit a b Statistics for Wards LSOAs and Parishes SUMMARY Profiles Excel Somerset Intelligence Archived from the original on 4 January 2014 Retrieved 4 January 2014 Singh Vijay P 15 18 December 2003 Watershed Hydrology Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment Bhopal India Allied Publishers pp 426 485 488 ISBN 978 81 7764 547 7 The Boscastle storm of August 2004 and other heavy rainfall events of the last century in the area wiseweather co uk Archived from the original on 14 February 2009 Retrieved 6 November 2008 Simons Paul 27 June 2007 June s freak downpours have historical precedent The Times London Retrieved 6 November 2008 Clark Colin 2004 Real time flood forecasting International Water Power and Dam Construction website Progressive Media Markets Ltd Archived from the original on 13 April 2009 Retrieved 6 November 2008 Welcome St Mary s Bruton Archived from the original on 26 April 2011 Retrieved 14 September 2011 Robinson Stephen 1992 Somerset Place Names Wimborne Dorset The Dovecote Press Ltd ISBN 1 874336 03 2 Mirage and oasis Energy choices in an age of global warming Archived 30 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine New Economics Foundation ISBN 1 904882 01 3 published June 2005 accessed 11 June 2007 Case Study Gants Mill Archived 12 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine British Hydropower Association published 2004 accessed 11 June 2007 Adkins Lesley and Roy 1992 A Field Guide to Somerset Archaeology Wimborne Dorset Dovecote Press p 31 ISBN 0 946159 94 7 Historic England Dovecote about 370 metres South of Bruton Church 1056424 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 30 December 2013 Dovecote about 370 metres South of Bruton Church also known as Pigeon Tower Park Wall North side Bruton Somerset Historic Environment Record Somerset County Council Archived from the original on 3 October 2016 Retrieved 30 December 2013 Bruton Abbey Pastscape English Heritage Retrieved 30 December 2013 Greeves Lydia 2013 Houses of the National Trust London National Trust Books p 364 ISBN 9781907892486 Tower S of the church Bruton Somerset Historic Environment Record Somerset County Council Archived from the original on 3 October 2016 Retrieved 30 December 2013 Bruton Dovecote Somerset Routes Archived from the original on 30 December 2013 Retrieved 30 December 2013 Bruton Hundred A History of Britain Retrieved 23 September 2011 Bruton Museum South Somerset Council Archived from the original on 8 November 2007 Retrieved 31 May 2010 Revenue Grant Requests Bruton Museum and Wincanton Museum and History Society PDF South Somerset Council Retrieved 9 November 2010 permanent dead link Museum Bruton Town Archived from the original on 17 March 2011 Retrieved 31 May 2010 BRUTON MUSEUM AT KINGS SCHOOL Blensdorf Retrospective Galleries UK Retrieved 31 May 2010 Anonymous donor ends museum s woes Somerset Guardian 16 March 2010 Archived from the original on 5 May 2013 Retrieved 31 May 2010 Brown Mark 16 December 2012 Hauser amp Wirth to open new art gallery in Somerset The Guardian Retrieved 17 December 2012 Doors Open at Hauser amp Wirth Somerset Arts Country Calling Country Calling www countrycalling co uk Retrieved 14 November 2017 Wincanton RD A vision of Britain Through Time University of Portsmouth Archived from the original on 5 January 2014 Retrieved 4 January 2014 English Nature citation sheet for the site Archived 10 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine accessed 7 August 2006 English Nature citation sheet for the site Archived 13 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine accessed 10 August 2006 Historic England Church of St Mary 1056408 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 9 February 2007 Historic England Church of the Holy Trinity 1366339 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 9 February 2007 British history online Retrieved 23 October 2008 Churches Retrieved 1 January 2016 a b c d Neate Rupert 10 July 2020 This isn t really Somerset how the rich took over Bruton The Guardian Retrieved 2 February 2021 Knowing me Knowing you Sarah Beeny and Graham Swift The Independent London 15 November 2011 External links Edit Somerset portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bruton British History Online Bruton Parish Detailed local history British History Online Bruton Hundred Detailed local history for the wider Bruton area The Somerset Urban Archaeological Survey Bruton by Miranda Richardson Bruton at Curlie Bruton Town Official town website Bruton Town Council Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bruton amp oldid 1123390251, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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