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Bruno Adler

May 03, 2024

Bruno Maria Adler (14 October 1888 – 27 December 1968) was a German art historian and writer. He taught art history in Weimar and lectured about it at the Bauhaus. Adler fled Germany after the Nazis seized power and emigrated to England, where he worked first at a German-Jewish refugee school in Kent, then as a writer with the German Service of BBC Radio.

Bruno Maria Adler
Born1888 (1888)
Carlsbad, Bohemia
Died1968
NationalityGerman
Known forArt History
MovementBauhaus

Early years edit

Adler was born to Jewish parents in Carlsbad, Bohemia.[1] His mother was Therese Adler (née Hirsch) and his father was Moritz Adler, editor and critic with the social democratic newspaper, Volkswille and an elected representative.[2] Adler attended gymnasium in Carlsbad and Prague.

From 1910 to 1916, he studied art history, the history of literature, and philosophy at universities in Vienna, Erlangen and Munich, acquiring his doctorate in 1917 with a dissertation on the origin and beginning of woodcuts. From 1919 to 1924, Adler lectured on art history at the Bauhaus,[2] and between 1920 and 1930, he taught art history at the Weimar Saxon-Grand Ducal Art School. His association with Johannes Itten, who also taught at the Bauhaus, led to him publishing and editing Utopia: Dokumente der Wirklichkeit ("Utopia: Documents of Reality"). This included translations by Adler from the Rigveda and work by Nicholas of Cusa. During this period, Adler also edited writings by Adalbert Stifter and Matthias Claudius.

Exile in England edit

After the Nazis seized power, Adler was forced to flee to Prague. In 1936, he went to England. Writing under the pseudonymous anagram Urban Roedl, Adler released a biography of Stifter with the publisher Ernst Rowohlt, who was afterward prohibited by the Nazis from working, having been charged with disguising Jewish writers. From 1936 to 1938,[2] Adler continued to use the pseudonym during World War II and occasionally, after the war.

Adler taught at the New Herrlingen School (also known as Bunce Court),[3] a German-Jewish school founded by Anna Essinger with help from British Quakers. Originally located in Herrlingen, Germany, it was relocated to Kent, England because of Nazi persecution, where it became a haven for refugees, including both children from the Kindertransports and adults, who joined the staff. Adler's nephew, Gerard Hoffnung, was a pupil at Bunce Court.[3]

German Service of the BBC edit

During the war, Adler worked in the German Service of the BBC. Under the guise of literary entertainment, these German-language programs broadcast British propaganda using established native-speaking writers in exile, such as Adler and Robert Lucas, and targeted the average German, who was growing weary of endless war. Listening carried severe penalties in Germany, imprisonment and even death, so the programs were short, between three and seven minutes. Characters had to be easily identifiable and they had little time to impress the thought of their target audience.[4]

Adler created the satirical "Frau Wernicke", a program broadcast from summer 1940 to January 1944. The lead role, Frau Gertrud Wernicke, was voiced by the German actress and cabaret artist Annemarie Hase, also in exile.[2] The character was a Berlin woman married to a tradesman and World War I veteran. She commented on the shortages plaguing the German populace, the state of the war[5] and she launched subversive tirades against the Nazis, turning them into a laughing stock. Frau Wernicke became one of the most popular programs of the BBC's German Service.[6][7]

Adler wrote the satirical series "Kurt und Willi" with the Scottish poet Norman Cameron. It featured two characters, a teacher named Kurt Krüger and Willi Schimanski, an official in the German Ministry of Propaganda. So skilled was the character Willi as a propagandist, that he was reputedly much admired within the actual Nazi Ministry.[4]

Adler later edited the monthly German-language magazine Neue Auslese aus dem Schrifttum der Gegenwart, published by the US Information Services Division, Central Office of Information in London after the war.[2]

Personal and legacy edit

Adler's first wife was Margit, née Téry (1892–1977), a painter, graphic designer and student of Johannes Itten. They were married in 1918 and had one son, Florian (1921–1998), an architect and editor. Adler married his second wife, Ilse, née Katz (1890–1974) in 1928.[2]

Adler's personal papers are archived at the German Literature Archive (Deutsches Literaturarchiv) in Marbach am Neckar. Included in the papers is correspondence with Willi Baumeister, Theodor Heuss, Walter Gropius, Itten, Hermann Kasack, Alfred Kubin, Georg Muche and Max Stefl.[2]

In 1958, Adler, again writing as Roedl, re-issued his 1936 biography of Stifter and dedicated it to his wife, Ilse Katz.[2] Roedl was also the author of the Adalbert Stifter, monograph, which Adler dedicated to Erich Heller.

Publications (selected) edit

as Bruno Adler
  • Translation of Gustave Flaubert, Die Sage von St. Julian, dem Gastfreien, (Original title: La légende de Saint Julien l'hospitalier) M. Biewald, Weimar(1923)
  • Matthias Claudius. Werke, Utopia-Verlag, Weimar (1924)
  • Das Weimarer Bauhaus, Bauhaus Archive, Darmstadt (1965)
  • (Editor) Utopia: Dokumente der Wirklichkeit, Martin Biewald, Weimar (1921); Kraus reprint, Munich (1980)
as Urban Roedl
  • Matthias Claudius: sein Weg und seine Welt, Wolff, Berlin (1934)
  • Kampf um Polna (novel), Kacha, Prague (1934), reprinted Polná (1999)
  • Adalbert Stifter in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten, Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg (1965)
  • Jodel-Franz, (with Billy Dongen). Munich: Ed. Insel-Ton, (1955)
  • Adalbert Stifter: Geschichte seines Lebens, Francke, Bern (1958)
  • Frau Wernicke: Kommentare einer "Volksjenossin, Uwe Naumann (Ed.), persona verlag, Mannheim (1990)

Bibliography edit

  • Werner Röder, Herbert A. Strauss, Institut für Zeitgeschichte München (publisher.), Biographisches Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Emigration nach 1933. (International biographical dictionary of Central European émigrés 1933–1945.) 4 Volumes, Saur, Munich (1983).
  • Joseph Walk (Ed.), Kurzbiographien zur Geschichte der Juden 1918–1945 Leo Baeck Institute, Jerusalem. Munich: Saur (1988) ISBN 3-598-10477-4
  • Joachim W. Storck, "Adalbert Stifter im Exil. Urban Roedl (Bruno Adler) als Stifter-Biograph und Stifter-Interpret", in: Johann Lachinger (Ed.), Adalbert Stifter – Studien zu seiner Rezeption und Wirkung, Kolloquium II Schriftenreihe of the Adalbert Stifter Institute, Upper Austria; 40 (2002)
  • Ulrike Wendland, Biographisches Handbuch deutschsprachiger Kunsthistoriker im Exil. Leben und Werk der unter dem Nationalsozialismus verfolgten und vertriebenen Wissenschaftler. Saur, Munich (1999) ISBN 3-598-11339-0

References edit

  1. ^ Dictionary of Art Historians 21 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Joachim W. Storck; Christoph König, Internationales Germanistenlexikon: 1800–1950. Band 1: A–G Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. (2003), pp. 6–8. ISBN 3-11-015485-4 (in German)
  3. ^ a b Lesley Bellew, "Anna's children", Kent Messenger newspapers, Blitz Spirit, special souvenir supplement (4 February 2011), p. 11
  4. ^ a b Jennifer Taylor; Ian Wallace (Ed.), "The 'Endsieg' as Ever-Receding Goal. Literary Propaganda by Bruno Adler and Robert Lucas for BBC Radio" German-speaking exiles in Great Britain, Volume 1. (1999), pp. 43–45. Retrieved 29 October 2011
  5. ^ Jennifer Taylor, "The 'Endsieg' as Ever-Receding Goal" (1999), p. 49. Retrieved 29 October 2011
  6. ^ Charmian Brinson [de] and Richard Dove (Eds.), Stimme der Wahrheit: German Language Broadcasting by the BBC Editions Rodopi (2003) ISBN 90-420-0978-0. Retrieved 29 October 2011
  7. ^ Moorehead, Kristina (30 August 2019). "How Britain fought Hitler with humour". BBC - Culture. Retrieved 2 September 2019.

External links edit

  • Bruno Adler in the German National Library catalogue
  • Detlef Färber, Mitteldeutsche Zeitung (14 November 2007). Retrieved 28 October 2011 (in German)
  • W. Bernhard, Für Urban Roedl Die Zeit, (11 October 1963), No. 41. Retrieved 28 October 2011 (in German)
  • Roedl, Urban 1889?–1968 at worldcat
  • Werner Eugen Mosse (ed.), Second Chance: Two Centuries of German-speaking Jews in the United Kingdom J.C.B. Mohr, Tübingen, Germany (1991), p. 149. Retrieved 20 October 2011

May 03, 2024
bruno, adler, bruno, maria, adler, october, 1888, december, 1968, german, historian, writer, taught, history, weimar, lectured, about, bauhaus, adler, fled, germany, after, nazis, seized, power, emigrated, england, where, worked, first, german, jewish, refugee. Bruno Maria Adler 14 October 1888 27 December 1968 was a German art historian and writer He taught art history in Weimar and lectured about it at the Bauhaus Adler fled Germany after the Nazis seized power and emigrated to England where he worked first at a German Jewish refugee school in Kent then as a writer with the German Service of BBC Radio Bruno Maria AdlerBorn1888 1888 Carlsbad BohemiaDied1968NationalityGermanKnown forArt HistoryMovementBauhaus Contents 1 Early years 2 Exile in England 2 1 German Service of the BBC 3 Personal and legacy 4 Publications selected 5 Bibliography 6 References 7 External linksEarly years editAdler was born to Jewish parents in Carlsbad Bohemia 1 His mother was Therese Adler nee Hirsch and his father was Moritz Adler editor and critic with the social democratic newspaper Volkswille and an elected representative 2 Adler attended gymnasium in Carlsbad and Prague From 1910 to 1916 he studied art history the history of literature and philosophy at universities in Vienna Erlangen and Munich acquiring his doctorate in 1917 with a dissertation on the origin and beginning of woodcuts From 1919 to 1924 Adler lectured on art history at the Bauhaus 2 and between 1920 and 1930 he taught art history at the Weimar Saxon Grand Ducal Art School His association with Johannes Itten who also taught at the Bauhaus led to him publishing and editing Utopia Dokumente der Wirklichkeit Utopia Documents of Reality This included translations by Adler from the Rigveda and work by Nicholas of Cusa During this period Adler also edited writings by Adalbert Stifter and Matthias Claudius Exile in England editAfter the Nazis seized power Adler was forced to flee to Prague In 1936 he went to England Writing under the pseudonymous anagram Urban Roedl Adler released a biography of Stifter with the publisher Ernst Rowohlt who was afterward prohibited by the Nazis from working having been charged with disguising Jewish writers From 1936 to 1938 2 Adler continued to use the pseudonym during World War II and occasionally after the war Adler taught at the New Herrlingen School also known as Bunce Court 3 a German Jewish school founded by Anna Essinger with help from British Quakers Originally located in Herrlingen Germany it was relocated to Kent England because of Nazi persecution where it became a haven for refugees including both children from the Kindertransports and adults who joined the staff Adler s nephew Gerard Hoffnung was a pupil at Bunce Court 3 German Service of the BBC edit During the war Adler worked in the German Service of the BBC Under the guise of literary entertainment these German language programs broadcast British propaganda using established native speaking writers in exile such as Adler and Robert Lucas and targeted the average German who was growing weary of endless war Listening carried severe penalties in Germany imprisonment and even death so the programs were short between three and seven minutes Characters had to be easily identifiable and they had little time to impress the thought of their target audience 4 Adler created the satirical Frau Wernicke a program broadcast from summer 1940 to January 1944 The lead role Frau Gertrud Wernicke was voiced by the German actress and cabaret artist Annemarie Hase also in exile 2 The character was a Berlin woman married to a tradesman and World War I veteran She commented on the shortages plaguing the German populace the state of the war 5 and she launched subversive tirades against the Nazis turning them into a laughing stock Frau Wernicke became one of the most popular programs of the BBC s German Service 6 7 Adler wrote the satirical series Kurt und Willi with the Scottish poet Norman Cameron It featured two characters a teacher named Kurt Kruger and Willi Schimanski an official in the German Ministry of Propaganda So skilled was the character Willi as a propagandist that he was reputedly much admired within the actual Nazi Ministry 4 Adler later edited the monthly German language magazine Neue Auslese aus dem Schrifttum der Gegenwart published by the US Information Services Division Central Office of Information in London after the war 2 Personal and legacy editAdler s first wife was Margit nee Tery 1892 1977 a painter graphic designer and student of Johannes Itten They were married in 1918 and had one son Florian 1921 1998 an architect and editor Adler married his second wife Ilse nee Katz 1890 1974 in 1928 2 Adler s personal papers are archived at the German Literature Archive Deutsches Literaturarchiv in Marbach am Neckar Included in the papers is correspondence with Willi Baumeister Theodor Heuss Walter Gropius Itten Hermann Kasack Alfred Kubin Georg Muche and Max Stefl 2 In 1958 Adler again writing as Roedl re issued his 1936 biography of Stifter and dedicated it to his wife Ilse Katz 2 Roedl was also the author of the Adalbert Stifter monograph which Adler dedicated to Erich Heller Publications selected editas Bruno Adler Translation of Gustave Flaubert Die Sage von St Julian dem Gastfreien Original title La legende de Saint Julien l hospitalier M Biewald Weimar 1923 Matthias Claudius Werke Utopia Verlag Weimar 1924 Das Weimarer Bauhaus Bauhaus Archive Darmstadt 1965 Editor Utopia Dokumente der Wirklichkeit Martin Biewald Weimar 1921 Kraus reprint Munich 1980 as Urban Roedl Matthias Claudius sein Weg und seine Welt Wolff Berlin 1934 Kampf um Polna novel Kacha Prague 1934 reprinted Polna 1999 Adalbert Stifter in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten Rowohlt Reinbek bei Hamburg 1965 Jodel Franz with Billy Dongen Munich Ed Insel Ton 1955 Adalbert Stifter Geschichte seines Lebens Francke Bern 1958 Frau Wernicke Kommentare einer Volksjenossin Uwe Naumann Ed persona verlag Mannheim 1990 Bibliography editWerner Roder Herbert A Strauss Institut fur Zeitgeschichte Munchen publisher Biographisches Handbuch der deutschsprachigen Emigration nach 1933 International biographical dictionary of Central European emigres 1933 1945 4 Volumes Saur Munich 1983 Joseph Walk Ed Kurzbiographien zur Geschichte der Juden 1918 1945 Leo Baeck Institute Jerusalem Munich Saur 1988 ISBN 3 598 10477 4 Joachim W Storck Adalbert Stifter im Exil Urban Roedl Bruno Adler als Stifter Biograph und Stifter Interpret in Johann Lachinger Ed Adalbert Stifter Studien zu seiner Rezeption und Wirkung Kolloquium II Schriftenreihe of the Adalbert Stifter Institute Upper Austria 40 2002 Ulrike Wendland Biographisches Handbuch deutschsprachiger Kunsthistoriker im Exil Leben und Werk der unter dem Nationalsozialismus verfolgten und vertriebenen Wissenschaftler Saur Munich 1999 ISBN 3 598 11339 0References edit Dictionary of Art Historians Archived 21 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 November 2011 a b c d e f g h Joachim W Storck Christoph Konig Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800 1950 Band 1 A G Walter de Gruyter GmbH amp Co 2003 pp 6 8 ISBN 3 11 015485 4 in German a b Lesley Bellew Anna s children Kent Messenger newspapers Blitz Spirit special souvenir supplement 4 February 2011 p 11 a b Jennifer Taylor Ian Wallace Ed The Endsieg as Ever Receding Goal Literary Propaganda by Bruno Adler and Robert Lucas for BBC Radio German speaking exiles in Great Britain Volume 1 1999 pp 43 45 Retrieved 29 October 2011 Jennifer Taylor The Endsieg as Ever Receding Goal 1999 p 49 Retrieved 29 October 2011 Charmian Brinson de and Richard Dove Eds Stimme der Wahrheit German Language Broadcasting by the BBC Editions Rodopi 2003 ISBN 90 420 0978 0 Retrieved 29 October 2011 Moorehead Kristina 30 August 2019 How Britain fought Hitler with humour BBC Culture Retrieved 2 September 2019 External links editBruno Adler in the German National Library catalogue Detlef Farber Ein Weltstar kam aus Halle Mitteldeutsche Zeitung 14 November 2007 Retrieved 28 October 2011 in German W Bernhard Fur Urban Roedl Die Zeit 11 October 1963 No 41 Retrieved 28 October 2011 in German Roedl Urban 1889 1968 at worldcat Werner Eugen Mosse ed Second Chance Two Centuries of German speaking Jews in the United Kingdom J C B Mohr Tubingen Germany 1991 p 149 Retrieved 20 October 2011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bruno Adler amp oldid 1220322909, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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