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Bronchial artery

In human anatomy, the bronchial arteries supply the lungs with oxygenated blood, and nutrition. Although there is much variation, there are usually two bronchial arteries that run to the left lung, and one to the right lung, and are a vital part of the respiratory system.

Bronchial artery
Bronchial artery labeled at center right
Details
SourceThoracic aorta
VeinBronchial veins
SuppliesLungs
Identifiers
LatinArteriae bronchiales,
rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortae
MeSHD001981
TA98A12.2.11.002
TA24579
FMA68109 71536, 68109
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]

Structure edit

There are typically two left and one right bronchial arteries.[1]

The left bronchial arteries (superior and inferior) usually arise directly from the thoracic aorta.[2]

The single right bronchial artery usually arises from one of the following:

Function edit

The bronchial arteries supply blood to the bronchi and connective tissue of the lungs. They travel with and branch with the bronchi, ending about at the level of the respiratory bronchioles. They anastomose with the branches of the pulmonary arteries, and together, they supply the visceral pleura of the lung in the process.

Note that much of the oxygenated blood supplied by the bronchial arteries is returned via the pulmonary veins rather than the bronchial veins. As a consequence, blood returning to the left heart is slightly less oxygenated than blood found at the level of the pulmonary capillary beds.

Each bronchial artery also has a branch that supplies the esophagus.

Comparison with pulmonary arteries edit

It is easy to confuse the bronchial arteries with the pulmonary arteries, because they both supply the lungs with blood, but there are important differences:

artery function circulation diameter
pulmonary arteries supplies deoxygenated blood pumped from the right ventricle pulmonary circulation relatively large
bronchial arteries supplies oxygenated blood pumped from the left ventricle systemic circulation relatively small

Clinical significance edit

Bronchial artery is considered dilated when its diameter is more than 2 mm. Several causes of bronchial artery dilatations are: congenital heart or lung diseases, obstructions of pulmonary artery, and lung inflammation.[1]

The bronchial arteries are typically enlarged and tortuous in chronic pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension.[3]

With modern surgical techniques, bronchial anastomoses heal well without bronchial artery reconnection. Largely for this reason, bronchial artery circulation is usually sacrificed during lung transplants, instead relying on the persistence of a microcirculation (presumably arising from the deoxygenated pulmonary circulation) to provide perfusion to the airways.[4]

Aneurysms of the bronchial artery may mimic aortic aneurysms.[5] Bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) is catheter insertion into a bronchial artery to treat hemoptysis (coughing blood).[6][7]. Most lung tumors are supplied by the bronchial artery, and they can be treated by chemoembolization (injecting chemotherapy and particles directly into the tumor-feeding artery).[8]

The bronchial arteries and their supply of nutrients to the lungs are also attributed to the observation that an occluded (either ligated or by an embolus) pulmonal artery very rarely results in lung infarction.[9] The bronchial arteries can maintain a supply of oxygenated blood to lung tissue.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Marini TJ, He K, Hobbs SK, Kaproth-Joslin K (December 2018). "Pictorial review of the pulmonary vasculature: from arteries to veins". Insights into Imaging. 9 (6): 971–987. doi:10.1007/s13244-018-0659-5. PMC 6269336. PMID 30382495.
  2. ^ Leslie KO, Wick MR (January 2018). "Lung anatomy.". In Leslie KO, Wick MR (eds.). Practical Pulmonary Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach (Third ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1–14. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-44284-8.00001-6. ISBN 978-0-323-44284-8.
  3. ^ Kauczor HU, Schwickert HC, Mayer E, Schweden F, Schild HH, Thelen M (1994). "Spiral CT of bronchial arteries in chronic thromboembolism". Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. 18 (6): 855–861. doi:10.1097/00004728-199411000-00002. PMID 7962789. S2CID 25591310.
  4. ^ Nowak K, Kamler M, Bock M, Motsch J, Hagl S, Jakob H, Gebhard MM (January 2002). "Bronchial Artery Revascularization affects Graft Recovery after Lung Transplantation". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 165 (2): 216–20. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.165.2.2012101. PMID 11790658.
  5. ^ Vernhet H, Bousquet C, Jean B, Lesnik A, Durand G, Giron J, Senac JP (1999). "Bronchial aneurysms mimicking aortic aneurysms: endovascular treatment in two patients". CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology. 22 (3): 254–257. doi:10.1007/s002709900378. PMID 10382061. S2CID 23659854.
  6. ^ James WE (2019-01-01). "Chapter 23 - Nonpharmacological Therapy for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis". In Baughman RP, Valeyre D (eds.). Sarcoidosis. Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 277–284. doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54429-0.00023-9. ISBN 978-0-323-54429-0. S2CID 239263865.
  7. ^ Garwood S, Strange C, Sahn SA (2008-01-01). "Chapter 47 - Massive Hemoptysis". In Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP (eds.). Critical Care Medicine (Third ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. pp. 929–948. doi:10.1016/b978-032304841-5.50049-2. ISBN 978-0-323-04841-5.
  8. ^ Boas FE, Kemeny NE, Sofocleous CT, Yeh R, Thompson VR, Hsu M, Moskowitz CS, Ziv E, Yarmohammadi H, Bendet A, Solomon SB (2021). "Bronchial or Pulmonary Artery Chemoembolization for Unresectable and Unablatable Lung Metastases: A Phase I Clinical Trial". Radiology. 301 (2): 474–84. doi:10.1148/radiol.2021210213. PMC 8574062. PMID 34463550.
  9. ^ Fishman AP (September 1961). "The clinical significance of the pulmonary collateral circulation". Circulation. American Heart Association. 24 (3): 677–690. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.24.3.677. eISSN 1524-4539. PMID 13700013.

External links edit

  • Anatomy figure: 21:06-06 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Branches of the ascending aorta, arch of the aorta, and the descending aorta."
  • Histology image: 13903loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
  • - anatquest.nlm.nih.gov.

bronchial, artery, human, anatomy, bronchial, arteries, supply, lungs, with, oxygenated, blood, nutrition, although, there, much, variation, there, usually, bronchial, arteries, that, left, lung, right, lung, vital, part, respiratory, system, labeled, center, . In human anatomy the bronchial arteries supply the lungs with oxygenated blood and nutrition Although there is much variation there are usually two bronchial arteries that run to the left lung and one to the right lung and are a vital part of the respiratory system Bronchial arteryBronchial artery labeled at center rightDetailsSourceThoracic aortaVeinBronchial veinsSuppliesLungsIdentifiersLatinArteriae bronchiales rami bronchiales partis thoracicae aortaeMeSHD001981TA98A12 2 11 002TA24579FMA68109 71536 68109Anatomical terminology edit on Wikidata Contents 1 Structure 2 Function 2 1 Comparison with pulmonary arteries 3 Clinical significance 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksStructure editThere are typically two left and one right bronchial arteries 1 The left bronchial arteries superior and inferior usually arise directly from the thoracic aorta 2 The single right bronchial artery usually arises from one of the following 1 the thoracic aorta at a common trunk with the right 3rd posterior intercostal artery 2 the superior bronchial artery on the left side 3 any number of the right intercostal arteries mostly the third right posterior Function editThe bronchial arteries supply blood to the bronchi and connective tissue of the lungs They travel with and branch with the bronchi ending about at the level of the respiratory bronchioles They anastomose with the branches of the pulmonary arteries and together they supply the visceral pleura of the lung in the process Note that much of the oxygenated blood supplied by the bronchial arteries is returned via the pulmonary veins rather than the bronchial veins As a consequence blood returning to the left heart is slightly less oxygenated than blood found at the level of the pulmonary capillary beds Each bronchial artery also has a branch that supplies the esophagus Comparison with pulmonary arteries edit It is easy to confuse the bronchial arteries with the pulmonary arteries because they both supply the lungs with blood but there are important differences artery function circulation diameterpulmonary arteries supplies deoxygenated blood pumped from the right ventricle pulmonary circulation relatively largebronchial arteries supplies oxygenated blood pumped from the left ventricle systemic circulation relatively smallClinical significance editBronchial artery is considered dilated when its diameter is more than 2 mm Several causes of bronchial artery dilatations are congenital heart or lung diseases obstructions of pulmonary artery and lung inflammation 1 The bronchial arteries are typically enlarged and tortuous in chronic pulmonary thromboembolic hypertension 3 With modern surgical techniques bronchial anastomoses heal well without bronchial artery reconnection Largely for this reason bronchial artery circulation is usually sacrificed during lung transplants instead relying on the persistence of a microcirculation presumably arising from the deoxygenated pulmonary circulation to provide perfusion to the airways 4 Aneurysms of the bronchial artery may mimic aortic aneurysms 5 Bronchial artery embolisation BAE is catheter insertion into a bronchial artery to treat hemoptysis coughing blood 6 7 Most lung tumors are supplied by the bronchial artery and they can be treated by chemoembolization injecting chemotherapy and particles directly into the tumor feeding artery 8 The bronchial arteries and their supply of nutrients to the lungs are also attributed to the observation that an occluded either ligated or by an embolus pulmonal artery very rarely results in lung infarction 9 The bronchial arteries can maintain a supply of oxygenated blood to lung tissue See also editBronchial veins Pulmonary thromboendarterectomyReferences edit a b Marini TJ He K Hobbs SK Kaproth Joslin K December 2018 Pictorial review of the pulmonary vasculature from arteries to veins Insights into Imaging 9 6 971 987 doi 10 1007 s13244 018 0659 5 PMC 6269336 PMID 30382495 Leslie KO Wick MR January 2018 Lung anatomy In Leslie KO Wick MR eds Practical Pulmonary Pathology A Diagnostic Approach Third ed Elsevier pp 1 14 doi 10 1016 b978 0 323 44284 8 00001 6 ISBN 978 0 323 44284 8 Kauczor HU Schwickert HC Mayer E Schweden F Schild HH Thelen M 1994 Spiral CT of bronchial arteries in chronic thromboembolism Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 18 6 855 861 doi 10 1097 00004728 199411000 00002 PMID 7962789 S2CID 25591310 Nowak K Kamler M Bock M Motsch J Hagl S Jakob H Gebhard MM January 2002 Bronchial Artery Revascularization affects Graft Recovery after Lung Transplantation American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 165 2 216 20 doi 10 1164 ajrccm 165 2 2012101 PMID 11790658 Vernhet H Bousquet C Jean B Lesnik A Durand G Giron J Senac JP 1999 Bronchial aneurysms mimicking aortic aneurysms endovascular treatment in two patients CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 22 3 254 257 doi 10 1007 s002709900378 PMID 10382061 S2CID 23659854 James WE 2019 01 01 Chapter 23 Nonpharmacological Therapy for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis In Baughman RP Valeyre D eds Sarcoidosis Philadelphia Elsevier pp 277 284 doi 10 1016 b978 0 323 54429 0 00023 9 ISBN 978 0 323 54429 0 S2CID 239263865 Garwood S Strange C Sahn SA 2008 01 01 Chapter 47 Massive Hemoptysis In Parrillo JE Dellinger RP eds Critical Care Medicine Third ed Philadelphia Mosby pp 929 948 doi 10 1016 b978 032304841 5 50049 2 ISBN 978 0 323 04841 5 Boas FE Kemeny NE Sofocleous CT Yeh R Thompson VR Hsu M Moskowitz CS Ziv E Yarmohammadi H Bendet A Solomon SB 2021 Bronchial or Pulmonary Artery Chemoembolization for Unresectable and Unablatable Lung Metastases A Phase I Clinical Trial Radiology 301 2 474 84 doi 10 1148 radiol 2021210213 PMC 8574062 PMID 34463550 Fishman AP September 1961 The clinical significance of the pulmonary collateral circulation Circulation American Heart Association 24 3 677 690 doi 10 1161 01 CIR 24 3 677 eISSN 1524 4539 PMID 13700013 External links editAnatomy figure 21 06 06 at Human Anatomy Online SUNY Downstate Medical Center Branches of the ascending aorta arch of the aorta and the descending aorta Histology image 13903loa Histology Learning System at Boston University Bronchial arteries anatquest nlm nih gov Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bronchial artery amp oldid 1143613414, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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