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Bogotá Fault

January 01, 1970

The Bogotá Fault (Spanish: Falla de Bogotá) is a major inactive slightly dextral oblique thrust fault in the department of Cundinamarca in central Colombia. The fault has a total length of 79.3 kilometres (49.3 mi),[1] while other authors designate a length of 107 kilometres (66 mi),[2] and runs along an average north-northeast to south-southwest strike of 013.5 ± 7 across the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, central part of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes.

Bogotá Fault
Falla de Bogotá
The Bogotá Fault borders the Colombian capital to the east; bottom right to top left here
EtymologyBogotá
Named byClements
Year defined1940
Coordinates4°37′25″N 74°03′11″W / 4.62361°N 74.05306°W / 4.62361; -74.05306
Country Colombia
RegionAndean
StateCundinamarca
CitiesBogotá, La Calera
Characteristics
Elevation2,600–3,800 m (8,500–12,500 ft)
RangeAltiplano Cundiboyacense
 Eastern Ranges, Andes
Part ofAndean thrust faults
Length79.3–107 km (49.3–66.5 mi)
Width10–20 m (33–66 ft)
Strike013.5 ± 7
DipEast
Dip angle15-25
DisplacementVertical: 760 metres (2,490 ft)
Slip rate: 0.01–0.1 mm (0.00039–0.00394 in)/yr
Tectonics
PlateNorth Andean
StatusInactive
EarthquakesPrehistorical
TypeSlightly oblique thrust fault
MovementDextral reverse
Rock unitsHanging wall: Guadalupe Gp., Chipaque Fm.
Footwall: Guaduas Fm., Cacho Fm., Bogotá Fm.
AgePleistocene (<1.6 Ma)
OrogenyAndean

The fault stretches from the Gallo River at the Sumapaz Páramo in the south to the Teusacá River in the north and borders the Bogotá savanna and the Colombian capital to the east. The Bogotá Fault formed the pronounced Eastern Hills, with the well-known Monserrate and Guadalupe Hills, east of the Colombian capital. The brecciated fault zone is exposed along the road from Bogotá to La Calera and a vertical displacement of at least 760 metres (2,490 ft) has been determined. The hanging wall of the reverse fault contains the Late Cretaceous Chipaque Formation and Guadalupe Group and the footwall consists of the Paleogene and Neogene Guaduas, Cacho and Bogotá Formations.

Pulsations of the fault movement in the early Quaternary have produced the alluvial fans of the Tunjuelo Formation. In part, the fault is covered by Late Pleistocene deposits of the Sabana Formation showing a pre-Holocene activity with no known historical seismicity or registered damages. The present slip rate of the Bogotá Fault is established at 0.01 to 0.1 millimetres (0.00039 to 0.00394 in) per year.

Etymology edit

The fault is named after Bogotá, Cundinamarca by Thomas Clements, who performed the first study on the fault in 1940.[3]

Description edit

See also: Eastern Hills, Bogotá § Geology
 
 
class=notpageimage|
The southeastern part of the Bogotá savanna is bound by the Bogotá Fault

The Bogotá Fault extends across the Altiplano Cundiboyacense along the base of the mountain front that borders the flatlands known as the Bogotá savanna, to the east bordering the Bogotá Anticlinal for 23 kilometres (14 mi).[4] The fault follows the longitudinal axis of the Eastern Hills, striking north-northeast to south-southwest at 013.5 ± 7 and dipping 15-25 degrees to the east.[5] It forms the tectonic limit with the Bogotá savanna and acts as a barrier for aquifers.[6] The fault runs parallel to the Usme Fault.[7]

The tectonic regime of the Neogene and Quaternary is the result of the interaction of four tectonic plates; the Malpelo Plate in the west, the Caribbean Plate in the north, the South American Plate in the east and the North Andes Plate where the Altiplano Cundiboyacense is located. The compressional tectonics of the Andean orogeny thrusted the Cretaceous units of the Guadalupe Group and Chipaque Formation on top of the younger Guaduas, Cacho and Bogotá Formations.[8] The timing of the recent Andean uplift was Pleistocene, concluded on the basis of apatite fission track analysis by structural geologist Andrés Mora.[9] The Late Cretaceous units of the hanging wall are folded producing the Bogotá Anticlinal,[10] and showing a vertical stratigraphic displacement of at least 760 metres (2,490 ft).[11] The Sabana Formation, named after the Bogotá savanna were deposited in the Pleistocene paleolake Lake Humboldt, of which the many wetlands and the Bogotá River are the present-day remainders.[12]

The fault mainly cuts Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks and, to some extent, early Quaternary deposits. The fault produces strong slope changes between different geologic units on both sides of the fault plane and displays degraded fault scarps,[1] especially the well-known Monserrate, the location where the fault was first studied.[13] The brecciated zone of the fault has a width between 10 and 20 metres (33 and 66 ft). The brecciated area of the fault is well exposed along the road from Bogotá to La Calera, north of Calle 85 in the capital. At the entrance to the cable car going up to Monserrate, the fault shows reverse and normal offset faults and produced fractures in the shales (Plaeners Formation) of the Guadalupe Group.[2] The alluvial fans of the Tunjuelo Formation were produced by the seismic pulses of the Bogotá Fault.[14]

Activity edit

The Bogotá Fault was first analyzed by Thomas Clements in 1940,[3] and he concluded the fault was still active.[2] However, later studies have shown the fault does not displace younger Quaternary deposits and is hence determined being inactive. No known historical earthquakes have been produced by the fault,[15] and recent seismic activity has not been registered.[16] The Bogotá Fault crosscuts the Rosales tunnel where no damages have been noted.[17] A slip rate of 0.01 to 0.1 millimetres (0.00039 to 0.00394 in) per year is calculated from displaced geomorphologic Quaternary features.[18]

Gallery edit

  •  
    Monserrate Hill was formed by the Bogotá Fault
  •  
    Fault scarps at Cerro Aguanoso
  •  
    Intense fracturing in the Guadalupe Group

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Paris et al., 2000a, p.47
  2. ^ a b c Lobo-Guerrero Uscátegui, 2005, p.5
  3. ^ a b Clements, 1940
  4. ^ Lobo-Guerrero Uscátegui, 2005, p.4
  5. ^ Lobo-Guerrero Uscátegui, 2005, p.1
  6. ^ Velandia & De Bermoudes, 2002, p.42
  7. ^ Paris et al., 2000b
  8. ^ Geological Map Bogotá, 1997
  9. ^ Torres et al., 2005, p.131
  10. ^ Lobo-Guerrero Uscátegui, 2005, pp.13–14
  11. ^ Lobo-Guerrero Uscátegui, 1992, p.8
  12. ^ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.72
  13. ^ Lobo-Guerrero Uscátegui, 2005, p.2
  14. ^ Lobo-Guerrero Uscátegui, 1996, p.13
  15. ^ Espinosa Baquero, 2004
  16. ^ Acosta & Garay, 2002, p.93
  17. ^ Lobo-Guerrero Uscátegui, 2005, p.6
  18. ^ Paris et al., 2000a, p.48

Bibliography edit

  • Acosta, Jorge E., and Carlos E. Ulloa. 2002. Mapa geológico del Departamento de Cundinamarca 1:250,000 - Memoria Explicativa, 1-108. INGEOMINAS.
  • Clements, Thomas. 1940. The Bogota Fault, Colombia, South America. Journal of Geology 48. 660–669. Accessed 2018-05-23.
  • Espinosa Baquero, Armando. 2004. Historia Sísmica de Bogotá, 1–10. Sociedad Geográfica de Colombia. Accessed 2018-05-23.
  • Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo. 2005. La Falla de Bogotá en Cundinamarca, 1–17. X Congreso Colombiano de Geología. Accessed 2018-05-23.
  • Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo. 1996. Estratigrafía del material no-consolidado en el subsuelo del nororiente de Santafé de Bogotá (Colombia) con algunas notas sobre historia geológica, 1–23. VIl Congreso Colombiano de Geología.
  • Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo. 1992. Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, 1–20. Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros.
  • Montoya Arenas, Diana María, and Germán Alfonso Reyes Torres. 2005. Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, 1–104. INGEOMINAS.
  • Paris, Gabriel; Michael N. Machette; Richard L. Dart, and Kathleen M. Haller. 2000a. Map and Database of Quaternary Faults and Folds in Colombia and its Offshore Regions, 1–66. USGS. Accessed 2018-05-23.
  • Torres, Vladimir; Jeff Vandenberghe, and Henry Hooghiemstra. 2005. An environmental reconstruction of the sediment infill of the Bogotá basin (Colombia) during the last 3 million years from abiotic and biotic proxies. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 226. 127–148. .
  • Velandia Patiño, F.A., and O. De Bermoudes. 2002. Fallas longitudinales y transversales de la Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia. Boletín de Geología 24. 37–48. .

Maps edit

  • Acosta, Jorge; Carlos Ulloa; Pilar García, and Orlando Solano. 1999. Mapa Geológico de Cundinamarca, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2018-05-23.
  • Buitrago, José Alberto; Roberto Terraza M., and Fernando Etayo. 1998. Plancha 228 - Santafé de Bogotá Noreste - 1:100,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2018-05-23.
  • Gómez, J.; N.E. Montes; Á. Nivia, and H. Diederix. 2015. Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, 1. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. Accessed 2018-05-23.
  • Paris, Gabriel; Michael N. Machette; Richard L. Dart, and Kathleen M. Haller. 2000b. Map of Quaternary Faults and Folds of Colombia and Its Offshore Regions, 1. USGS. Accessed 2018-05-23.
  • Various, Authors. 1997. Mapa geológico de Santa Fe de Bogotá – Geological Map Bogotá – escala 1:50,000, 1. INGEOMINAS. Accessed 2018-05-23.

January 01, 1970
bogotá, fault, spanish, falla, bogotá, major, inactive, slightly, dextral, oblique, thrust, fault, department, cundinamarca, central, colombia, fault, total, length, kilometres, while, other, authors, designate, length, kilometres, runs, along, average, north,. The Bogota Fault Spanish Falla de Bogota is a major inactive slightly dextral oblique thrust fault in the department of Cundinamarca in central Colombia The fault has a total length of 79 3 kilometres 49 3 mi 1 while other authors designate a length of 107 kilometres 66 mi 2 and runs along an average north northeast to south southwest strike of 013 5 7 across the Altiplano Cundiboyacense central part of the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes Bogota FaultFalla de BogotaThe Bogota Fault borders the Colombian capital to the east bottom right to top left hereEtymologyBogotaNamed byClementsYear defined1940Coordinates4 37 25 N 74 03 11 W 4 62361 N 74 05306 W 4 62361 74 05306Country ColombiaRegionAndeanStateCundinamarcaCitiesBogota La CaleraCharacteristicsElevation2 600 3 800 m 8 500 12 500 ft RangeAltiplano Cundiboyacense Eastern Ranges AndesPart ofAndean thrust faultsLength79 3 107 km 49 3 66 5 mi Width10 20 m 33 66 ft Strike013 5 7DipEastDip angle15 25DisplacementVertical 760 metres 2 490 ft Slip rate 0 01 0 1 mm 0 00039 0 00394 in yrTectonicsPlateNorth AndeanStatusInactiveEarthquakesPrehistoricalTypeSlightly oblique thrust faultMovementDextral reverseRock unitsHanging wall Guadalupe Gp Chipaque Fm Footwall Guaduas Fm Cacho Fm Bogota Fm AgePleistocene lt 1 6 Ma OrogenyAndean The fault stretches from the Gallo River at the Sumapaz Paramo in the south to the Teusaca River in the north and borders the Bogota savanna and the Colombian capital to the east The Bogota Fault formed the pronounced Eastern Hills with the well known Monserrate and Guadalupe Hills east of the Colombian capital The brecciated fault zone is exposed along the road from Bogota to La Calera and a vertical displacement of at least 760 metres 2 490 ft has been determined The hanging wall of the reverse fault contains the Late Cretaceous Chipaque Formation and Guadalupe Group and the footwall consists of the Paleogene and Neogene Guaduas Cacho and Bogota Formations Pulsations of the fault movement in the early Quaternary have produced the alluvial fans of the Tunjuelo Formation In part the fault is covered by Late Pleistocene deposits of the Sabana Formation showing a pre Holocene activity with no known historical seismicity or registered damages The present slip rate of the Bogota Fault is established at 0 01 to 0 1 millimetres 0 00039 to 0 00394 in per year Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 Activity 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Bibliography 6 1 1 MapsEtymology editThe fault is named after Bogota Cundinamarca by Thomas Clements who performed the first study on the fault in 1940 3 Description editSee also Eastern Hills Bogota Geology nbsp nbsp class notpageimage The southeastern part of the Bogota savanna is bound by the Bogota Fault The Bogota Fault extends across the Altiplano Cundiboyacense along the base of the mountain front that borders the flatlands known as the Bogota savanna to the east bordering the Bogota Anticlinal for 23 kilometres 14 mi 4 The fault follows the longitudinal axis of the Eastern Hills striking north northeast to south southwest at 013 5 7 and dipping 15 25 degrees to the east 5 It forms the tectonic limit with the Bogota savanna and acts as a barrier for aquifers 6 The fault runs parallel to the Usme Fault 7 The tectonic regime of the Neogene and Quaternary is the result of the interaction of four tectonic plates the Malpelo Plate in the west the Caribbean Plate in the north the South American Plate in the east and the North Andes Plate where the Altiplano Cundiboyacense is located The compressional tectonics of the Andean orogeny thrusted the Cretaceous units of the Guadalupe Group and Chipaque Formation on top of the younger Guaduas Cacho and Bogota Formations 8 The timing of the recent Andean uplift was Pleistocene concluded on the basis of apatite fission track analysis by structural geologist Andres Mora 9 The Late Cretaceous units of the hanging wall are folded producing the Bogota Anticlinal 10 and showing a vertical stratigraphic displacement of at least 760 metres 2 490 ft 11 The Sabana Formation named after the Bogota savanna were deposited in the Pleistocene paleolake Lake Humboldt of which the many wetlands and the Bogota River are the present day remainders 12 The fault mainly cuts Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks and to some extent early Quaternary deposits The fault produces strong slope changes between different geologic units on both sides of the fault plane and displays degraded fault scarps 1 especially the well known Monserrate the location where the fault was first studied 13 The brecciated zone of the fault has a width between 10 and 20 metres 33 and 66 ft The brecciated area of the fault is well exposed along the road from Bogota to La Calera north of Calle 85 in the capital At the entrance to the cable car going up to Monserrate the fault shows reverse and normal offset faults and produced fractures in the shales Plaeners Formation of the Guadalupe Group 2 The alluvial fans of the Tunjuelo Formation were produced by the seismic pulses of the Bogota Fault 14 Activity editThe Bogota Fault was first analyzed by Thomas Clements in 1940 3 and he concluded the fault was still active 2 However later studies have shown the fault does not displace younger Quaternary deposits and is hence determined being inactive No known historical earthquakes have been produced by the fault 15 and recent seismic activity has not been registered 16 The Bogota Fault crosscuts the Rosales tunnel where no damages have been noted 17 A slip rate of 0 01 to 0 1 millimetres 0 00039 to 0 00394 in per year is calculated from displaced geomorphologic Quaternary features 18 Gallery edit nbsp Monserrate Hill was formed by the Bogota Fault nbsp Fault scarps at Cerro Aguanoso nbsp Intense fracturing in the Guadalupe GroupSee also edit nbsp Colombia portal nbsp Earth sciences portal nbsp Geology portal List of earthquakes in Colombia Bucaramanga Santa Marta Fault Eastern Frontal Fault System Usme Fault Viani FaultReferences edit a b Paris et al 2000a p 47 a b c Lobo Guerrero Uscategui 2005 p 5 a b Clements 1940 Lobo Guerrero Uscategui 2005 p 4 Lobo Guerrero Uscategui 2005 p 1 Velandia amp De Bermoudes 2002 p 42 Paris et al 2000b Geological Map Bogota 1997 Torres et al 2005 p 131 Lobo Guerrero Uscategui 2005 pp 13 14 Lobo Guerrero Uscategui 1992 p 8 Montoya amp Reyes 2005 p 72 Lobo Guerrero Uscategui 2005 p 2 Lobo Guerrero Uscategui 1996 p 13 Espinosa Baquero 2004 Acosta amp Garay 2002 p 93 Lobo Guerrero Uscategui 2005 p 6 Paris et al 2000a p 48 Bibliography edit Acosta Jorge E and Carlos E Ulloa 2002 Mapa geologico del Departamento de Cundinamarca 1 250 000 Memoria Explicativa 1 108 INGEOMINAS Clements Thomas 1940 The Bogota Fault Colombia South America Journal of Geology 48 660 669 Accessed 2018 05 23 Espinosa Baquero Armando 2004 Historia Sismica de Bogota 1 10 Sociedad Geografica de Colombia Accessed 2018 05 23 Guerrero Uscategui Alberto Lobo 2005 La Falla de Bogota en Cundinamarca 1 17 X Congreso Colombiano de Geologia Accessed 2018 05 23 Guerrero Uscategui Alberto Lobo 1996 Estratigrafia del material no consolidado en el subsuelo del nororiente de Santafe de Bogota Colombia con algunas notas sobre historia geologica 1 23 VIl Congreso Colombiano de Geologia Guerrero Uscategui Alberto Lobo 1992 Geologia e Hidrogeologia de Santafe de Bogota y su Sabana 1 20 Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros Montoya Arenas Diana Maria and German Alfonso Reyes Torres 2005 Geologia de la Sabana de Bogota 1 104 INGEOMINAS Paris Gabriel Michael N Machette Richard L Dart and Kathleen M Haller 2000a Map and Database of Quaternary Faults and Folds in Colombia and its Offshore Regions 1 66 USGS Accessed 2018 05 23 Torres Vladimir Jeff Vandenberghe and Henry Hooghiemstra 2005 An environmental reconstruction of the sediment infill of the Bogota basin Colombia during the last 3 million years from abiotic and biotic proxies Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 226 127 148 Velandia Patino F A and O De Bermoudes 2002 Fallas longitudinales y transversales de la Sabana de Bogota Colombia Boletin de Geologia 24 37 48 Maps edit Acosta Jorge Carlos Ulloa Pilar Garcia and Orlando Solano 1999 Mapa Geologico de Cundinamarca 1 INGEOMINAS Accessed 2018 05 23 Buitrago Jose Alberto Roberto Terraza M and Fernando Etayo 1998 Plancha 228 Santafe de Bogota Noreste 1 100 000 1 INGEOMINAS Accessed 2018 05 23 Gomez J N E Montes A Nivia and H Diederix 2015 Plancha 5 09 del Atlas Geologico de Colombia 2015 escala 1 500 000 1 Servicio Geologico Colombiano Accessed 2018 05 23 Paris Gabriel Michael N Machette Richard L Dart and Kathleen M Haller 2000b Map of Quaternary Faults and Folds of Colombia and Its Offshore Regions 1 USGS Accessed 2018 05 23 Various Authors 1997 Mapa geologico de Santa Fe de Bogota Geological Map Bogota escala 1 50 000 1 INGEOMINAS Accessed 2018 05 23 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bogota Fault amp oldid 1088380080, 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