The Oaxaca hummingbird or blue-capped hummingbird (Eupherusa cyanophrys) is an endangered species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to the Mexican state of Oaxaca.[3][4]
The Oaxaca hummingbird is 10 to 11 cm (3.9 to 4.3 in) long and weighs 4.1 to 5.4 g (0.14 to 0.19 oz). Both sexes have a straight black bill. Males have a violet-blue forehead, turquoise crown, and emerald green upperparts. Rufous secondaries show as a patch on the folded wing. Their central pair of tail feathers are green and the other four pairs whitish. Their underparts are glittering green with white undertail coverts. Females have green upperparts with a similar wing "patch" as the male's. Their central tail feathers are green and the others white with some dusky green. Their underparts are pale gray.[5]
Distribution and habitatedit
The Oaxaca hummingbird is found only on the Pacific slope of the Sierra Madre del Sur (also called Sierra de Miahuatlán) in southern Oaxaca. It inhabits the edges and interior of humid montane, semi-deciduous, and pine-oak forest. In elevation it ranges between 700 and 2,600 m (2,300 and 8,500 ft) and is most common below 1,800 m (5,900 ft).[5]
Behavioredit
Movementedit
The Oaxaca hummingbird's movements are not well known, but it might make seasonal elevational changes.[5]
Feedingedit
The Oaxaca hummingbird forages for nectar at all levels of the forest from the understory to the canopy. Its diet has not been described in detail but it is known to feed at flowers of Inga, Lobelia, Malvaviscus, and Psittacanthus and some others. It is also assumed to feed on small arthropods like other hummingbirds.[5]
Breedingedit
Little is known about the Oaxaca hummingbird's breeding phenology. Active nests have been found in May, October, and November. They were cups made of moss lined with plant down with lichen on the outside and placed between 1.2 and 5.4 m (4 and 20 ft) above the ground. The clutch size is two eggs; the incubation length and time to fledging are not known.[5]
Songs and calls
Listen to Oaxaca hummingbird on xeno-canto
Vocalizationedit
The Oaxaca hummingbird's song is "a high, rapid, warbling" described as similar to that of the white-tailed hummingbird but "jerkier, less hurried". Its calls are not well known but also appear similar to the white-tailed's "liquid to slightly buzzy, rolled chip".[5][6]
Statusedit
The IUCN originally assessed the Oaxaca hummingbird as Threatened but since 1994 has rated it Endangered. It has a very small range and its estimated population of 600 to 1700 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. A large part of the forest in its range has been destroyed and much of the rest is being cleared for agriculture.[1] It is, however, considered fairly common to common where its habitat remains undisturbed.[5]
Referencesedit
^ abBirdLife International (2018). "Eupherusa cyanophrys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22687635A131123580. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22687635A131123580.en. Retrieved 2 September 2022.
^ abcdefghArizmendi, M. d. C., C. I. Rodríguez-Flores, C. A. Soberanes-González, and T. S. Schulenberg (2020). Blue-capped Hummingbird (Eupherusa cyanophrys), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.blchum2.01 retrieved September 2, 2022
^Arizmendi, M. d. C., C. I. Rodríguez-Flores, C. A. Soberanes-González, and T. S. Schulenberg (2020). White-tailed Hummingbird (Eupherusa poliocerca), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whthum1.01 retrieved September 1, 2022
External linksedit
BirdLife Species Factsheet.
January 01, 1970
oaxaca, hummingbird, blue, capped, hummingbird, eupherusa, cyanophrys, endangered, species, hummingbird, emeralds, tribe, trochilini, subfamily, trochilinae, endemic, mexican, state, oaxaca, female, conservation, status, endangered, iucn, cites, appendix, cite. The Oaxaca hummingbird or blue capped hummingbird Eupherusa cyanophrys is an endangered species of hummingbird in the emeralds tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae It is endemic to the Mexican state of Oaxaca 3 4 Oaxaca hummingbird Female Conservation status Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix II CITES 2 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Clade Strisores Order Apodiformes Family Trochilidae Genus Eupherusa Species E cyanophrys Binomial name Eupherusa cyanophrysRowley amp Orr 1964 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocalization 5 Status 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy and systematics editThe Oaxaca hummingbird is monotypic 3 At times some authors have treated it as a subspecies of the white tailed hummingbird E poliocerca and others have treated both of them as subspecies of the stripe tailed hummingbird E eximia 5 Description editThe Oaxaca hummingbird is 10 to 11 cm 3 9 to 4 3 in long and weighs 4 1 to 5 4 g 0 14 to 0 19 oz Both sexes have a straight black bill Males have a violet blue forehead turquoise crown and emerald green upperparts Rufous secondaries show as a patch on the folded wing Their central pair of tail feathers are green and the other four pairs whitish Their underparts are glittering green with white undertail coverts Females have green upperparts with a similar wing patch as the male s Their central tail feathers are green and the others white with some dusky green Their underparts are pale gray 5 Distribution and habitat editThe Oaxaca hummingbird is found only on the Pacific slope of the Sierra Madre del Sur also called Sierra de Miahuatlan in southern Oaxaca It inhabits the edges and interior of humid montane semi deciduous and pine oak forest In elevation it ranges between 700 and 2 600 m 2 300 and 8 500 ft and is most common below 1 800 m 5 900 ft 5 Behavior editMovement edit The Oaxaca hummingbird s movements are not well known but it might make seasonal elevational changes 5 Feeding edit The Oaxaca hummingbird forages for nectar at all levels of the forest from the understory to the canopy Its diet has not been described in detail but it is known to feed at flowers of Inga Lobelia Malvaviscus and Psittacanthus and some others It is also assumed to feed on small arthropods like other hummingbirds 5 Breeding edit Little is known about the Oaxaca hummingbird s breeding phenology Active nests have been found in May October and November They were cups made of moss lined with plant down with lichen on the outside and placed between 1 2 and 5 4 m 4 and 20 ft above the ground The clutch size is two eggs the incubation length and time to fledging are not known 5 nbsp Songs and calls Listen to Oaxaca hummingbird on xeno canto Vocalization edit The Oaxaca hummingbird s song is a high rapid warbling described as similar to that of the white tailed hummingbird but jerkier less hurried Its calls are not well known but also appear similar to the white tailed s liquid to slightly buzzy rolled chip 5 6 Status editThe IUCN originally assessed the Oaxaca hummingbird as Threatened but since 1994 has rated it Endangered It has a very small range and its estimated population of 600 to 1700 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing A large part of the forest in its range has been destroyed and much of the rest is being cleared for agriculture 1 It is however considered fairly common to common where its habitat remains undisturbed 5 References edit a b BirdLife International 2018 Eupherusa cyanophrys IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018 e T22687635A131123580 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2018 2 RLTS T22687635A131123580 en Retrieved 2 September 2022 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2022 01 14 a b Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P eds August 2022 Hummingbirds IOC World Bird List v 12 2 Retrieved August 9 2022 HBW and BirdLife International 2021 Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 6 Available at http datazone birdlife org userfiles file Species Taxonomy HBW BirdLife Checklist v6 Dec21 zip retrieved August 7 2022 a b c d e f g h Arizmendi M d C C I Rodriguez Flores C A Soberanes Gonzalez and T S Schulenberg 2020 Blue capped Hummingbird Eupherusa cyanophrys version 1 0 In Birds of the World T S Schulenberg Editor Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow blchum2 01 retrieved September 2 2022 Arizmendi M d C C I Rodriguez Flores C A Soberanes Gonzalez and T S Schulenberg 2020 White tailed Hummingbird Eupherusa poliocerca version 1 0 In Birds of the World T S Schulenberg Editor Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow whthum1 01 retrieved September 1 2022External links editBirdLife Species Factsheet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Oaxaca hummingbird amp oldid 1183278007, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
