NASA'sBiosatellite program was a series of three uncrewedartificial satellites to assess the effects of spaceflight, especially radiation and weightlessness, on living organisms. Each was designed to reenter Earth's atmosphere and be recovered at the end of its mission.
Its primary goal was to determine the effects of space environment, particularly weightlessness, on life processes at three levels of organization: basic biochemistry of the cell; structure of growth of cells and tissues; and growth and form of entire plants and animals.[1]
Biosatellite 1, also known as Biosat 1 and Biosatellite A, was the first mission in the Biosatellite program. It was launched on December 14, 1966, by a Delta G rocket from Launch Complex 17A of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.[2] Biosatellite 1 was the first series Biosatellite satellites. It was inserted in an initial orbit of 296 km perigee, 309 km apogee and 33.5 degrees of orbital inclination, with a period 90.5 minutes.
Biosatellite 1 carried several specimens for the study of the effects of the space environment on biological processes. Prior to reentry, the entry capsule separated from the satellite bus properly, but its deorbit motor failed to ignite, leaving it stranded in a slowly decaying orbit. It re-entered and disintegrated on February 15, 1967.
Biosatellite 2, also known as Biosat 2 and Biosatellite B, was the second mission in the Biosatellite program. It was launched on September 7, 1967, by a Delta G rocket from Launch Complex 17B of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.[3]
Biosatellite 2 carried thirteen biological experiments involving insects, frog eggs, plants and microorganisms. The mission was ended early due to a tropical storm threat.[4] Despite returning approximately a day early, its 45 hours of earth-orbital flight enabled valid conclusions to be made in the thirteen experiments on board, by comparing the onboard samples to earthbound control organisms.[5]
Biosatellite 3, also known as Biosat 3 and Biosatellite D, was the third mission in the Biosatellite program.
Though the mission's scientific agenda was a failure, Biosatellite 3 was influential in shaping the life sciences flight experiment program, pointing to the need for centralised management, realistic goals and substantial pre-flight experiment verification testing. The mission objective was to investigate the effect of space flight on brain states, behavioural performance, cardiovascular status, fluid and electrolyte balance, and metabolic state.[6]
^Rosenthal, Alfred (January 1982). "A record of NASA space missions since 1958". NASA. NASA Technical Reports Server. hdl:2060/19940003358. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
biosatellite, program, nasa, series, three, uncrewed, artificial, satellites, assess, effects, spaceflight, especially, radiation, weightlessness, living, organisms, each, designed, reenter, earth, atmosphere, recovered, mission, biosatellitebiosatellite, 3man. NASA s Biosatellite program was a series of three uncrewed artificial satellites to assess the effects of spaceflight especially radiation and weightlessness on living organisms Each was designed to reenter Earth s atmosphere and be recovered at the end of its mission BiosatelliteBiosatellite 3ManufacturerGeneral ElectricCountry of originUnited StatesOperatorNASAApplicationsBioscienceSpecificationsRegimeLow Earth orbitDesign life8 30 daysProductionStatusRetiredLaunched3Maiden launchBiosatellite 114 December 1966Last launchBiosatellite 329 June 1969Its primary goal was to determine the effects of space environment particularly weightlessness on life processes at three levels of organization basic biochemistry of the cell structure of growth of cells and tissues and growth and form of entire plants and animals 1 Contents 1 Biosatellite 1 2 Biosatellite 2 3 Biosatellite 3 4 Table 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksBiosatellite 1 editMain article Biosatellite 1 Biosatellite 1 also known as Biosat 1 and Biosatellite A was the first mission in the Biosatellite program It was launched on December 14 1966 by a Delta G rocket from Launch Complex 17A of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 2 Biosatellite 1 was the first series Biosatellite satellites It was inserted in an initial orbit of 296 km perigee 309 km apogee and 33 5 degrees of orbital inclination with a period 90 5 minutes Biosatellite 1 carried several specimens for the study of the effects of the space environment on biological processes Prior to reentry the entry capsule separated from the satellite bus properly but its deorbit motor failed to ignite leaving it stranded in a slowly decaying orbit It re entered and disintegrated on February 15 1967 Biosatellite 2 editMain article Biosatellite 2 Biosatellite 2 also known as Biosat 2 and Biosatellite B was the second mission in the Biosatellite program It was launched on September 7 1967 by a Delta G rocket from Launch Complex 17B of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 3 Biosatellite 2 carried thirteen biological experiments involving insects frog eggs plants and microorganisms The mission was ended early due to a tropical storm threat 4 Despite returning approximately a day early its 45 hours of earth orbital flight enabled valid conclusions to be made in the thirteen experiments on board by comparing the onboard samples to earthbound control organisms 5 Biosatellite 3 editMain article Biosatellite 3 Biosatellite 3 also known as Biosat 3 and Biosatellite D was the third mission in the Biosatellite program Though the mission s scientific agenda was a failure Biosatellite 3 was influential in shaping the life sciences flight experiment program pointing to the need for centralised management realistic goals and substantial pre flight experiment verification testing The mission objective was to investigate the effect of space flight on brain states behavioural performance cardiovascular status fluid and electrolyte balance and metabolic state 6 Table editSatellite Rocket Launch date Launch site Decay date COSPAR ID SATCATBiosatellite 1 Delta G 14 December 1966 Cape Canaveral LC 17B 15 February 1967 1966 114A 02632Biosatellite 2 Delta G 7 September 1967 Cape Canaveral LC 17B 4 October 1967 1967 083B 09236Biosatellite 3 Delta N 29 June 1969 Cape Canaveral LC 17A 7 July 1969 1969 056A 04000Gallery editBiosatellite program nbsp Biosatellite 1 nbsp Drawing of Biosatellite 2 nbsp Location of the monkey on the Biosatellite 3See also edit nbsp Spaceflight portalBion space program BIOPAN Biosatellite EXPOSE List of microorganisms tested in outer space O OREOS OREOcube TanpopoReferences edit Rosenthal Alfred January 1982 A record of NASA space missions since 1958 NASA NASA Technical Reports Server hdl 2060 19940003358 Retrieved 24 September 2011 Biosatellite Encyclopedia Astronautica Retrieved 2016 16 05 Biosat 1 2 3 Bios 1 2 3 Gunter s Space Page Retrieved 2016 16 05 Biosatellite 2 Mark Wade Astronautix Accessed 14 June 2018 Bioscience 18 6 pp 535 661 June 1968 Mission information Biosatellite III NASA Retrieved 25 May 2016 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain External links editLife into Space 1965 1990 Portals nbsp Astronomy nbsp Biology Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Biosatellite program amp oldid 1187067408, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
