Binnya Ran I (Mon: ပထမ ဗညာရာံ; Burmese: ပထမ ဗညားရံ, Burmese pronunciation:[pətʰəma̰bəɲájàɰ̃]; 1393–1446) was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1424 to 1446. As crown prince, he ended the Forty Years' War with the rival Ava Kingdom in 1423. He came to the throne after poisoning his brother King Binnya Dhammaraza in 1424. As king, Binnya Ran largely kept his kingdom at peace for much of his 20-year reign when Ava was struggling to keep its territories intact. He pursued an opportunistic policy to keep Ava weak, helping Toungoo's rebellion against Ava between 1437 and 1442 during which he placed his son as the viceroy of Toungoo. When Ava reconquered Toungoo in 1442, he did not resume a large-scale war against Ava.
Binnya Ran was born to Queen Thuddhamaya and King Razadarit.[5] After Razadarit's death, Binnya Dhammaraza became king. Binnya Ran and Binnya Kyan immediately revolted against their elder brother. Binnya Dhammaraza pacified Binnya Ran for a time by making him the heir-apparent and governor of Pathein (Bassein) and the entire Irrawaddy delta. Binnya Dhammaraza also pacified Binnya Kyan by making him governor of Martaban.[6] But Binnya Ran was not satisfied. He soon extended his territory, and occupied Dagon (Yangon) in 1423. When Ava forces came to occupy Dala opposite Dagon, Binnya Ran presented his elder sister Shin Sawbu to Thihathu, and bought peace. Ava forces withdrew, ending the Forty Years' War between Ava and Hanthawaddy Pegu.
In 1424, Binnya Ran poisoned Binnya Dhammaraza and became the eleventh king of Hanthawaddy.[7] His reign name, as reported in Mon language inscriptions, was Rama Razadarit (ရာမ ရာဇာဓိရာဇ်; Pali: Rāma Rājādhirāj).[8]
Reignedit
As king, Binnya Ran allowed Binnya Kyan to remain as governor of Martaban where the latter exercised almost independent authority. He soon became involved with the dynastic intrigues of Ava Kingdom. In 1426, Mohnyin Thado ascended the Ava throne. In 1429, his sister Shin Sawbu fled secretly from Ava back to Pegu. Binnya Ran received his elder sister with great honor.[6] In the same year, Thinkhaya III, the governor of Toungoo sought Binnya Ran's alliance against Ava by presenting a daughter. Binnya Ran agreed and attacked Prome (Pyay) together with Toungoo governor's forces.[6][9] Mohnyin Thado broke up the alliance by giving a niece, Soe Min Wimala Dewi, to Binnya Ran.[3][7] The Pegu king accepted the peace offer as he did not want renewed fighting.
The alliance was one of convenience for Binnya Ran. He was happy to see that Mohnyin Thado was having trouble with Shan raids into Avan territory throughout the 1430s. When Toungoo revolted again in 1437, Binnya Ran readily provided assistance for Toungoo. With his help, Toungoo defeated Ava, and Binnya Ran's son Minsaw became the viceroy of Toungoo.[10] However, King Minye Kyawswa I of Ava reconquered Toungoo in 1440, and appointed Tarabya, a Shan chief.[10] For the remainder of his reign, he was content to see Ava had its hands full with Ming Chinese invasions and Shan raids.
Binnya Ran died after a reign of approximately 22 years, and was succeeded by nephew and adopted son Binnya Waru, a son of Shin Sawbu.
Historiographyedit
Various Burmese chronicles do not agree on the key dates of the king's life.
^(Pan Hla 2005: 361, footnote 2): Per Pak Lat Chronicles, he died at age 53 (54th year) in 808 ME (30 March 1446 to 29 March 1447). (Hmanann Vol. 2 2003: 88) suggests he was dead by 5th waxing of Thadingyut 808 ME (25 September 1446).
^(Pan Hla 2005: 203): He was born before Kason [of 755 ME].
^(Hmanann Vol. 2 2003: 88) suggests he was dead by the 5th waxing of Thadingyut 808 ME (25 September 1446).
^Pak Lat reporting is inconsistent. (Pan Hla 2005: 361, fn 1): Pak Lat says that Binnya Ran I became king at age 28 (29th year) at 785 ME (30 March 1423 to 28 March 1424), meaning he was born c. 1395; and that he died at age 53 (54th year) in 808 ME (30 March 1446 to 29 March 1447), meaning he was born c. 1393.
^(Shwe Naw 1922: 49): Binnya Dhammaraza died in 1075 ME (1713/1714 CE), followed by Binnya Ran I, who reigned for 32 years and died in his 61st year (at age 60).
Athwa, Sayadaw (1766). "Slapat des Ragawan der Königsgeschichte". Die äthiopischen Handschriften der K.K. Hofbibliothek zu Wien (in German). 151. Translated by P.W. Schmidt (1906 ed.). Vienna: Alfred Hölder.
Fernquest, Jon (Autumn 2006). "Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382–1454)". SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research. 4 (2).
Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
Kala, U (1724). Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
binnya, ပထမ, ဗည, burmese, ပထမ, ဗည, burmese, pronunciation, pətʰəma, bəɲá, jàɰ, 1393, 1446, king, hanthawaddy, pegu, from, 1424, 1446, crown, prince, ended, forty, years, with, rival, kingdom, 1423, came, throne, after, poisoning, brother, king, binnya, dhammar. Binnya Ran I Mon ပထမ ဗည ရ Burmese ပထမ ဗည ရ Burmese pronunciation petʰema beɲa jaɰ 1393 1446 was king of Hanthawaddy Pegu from 1424 to 1446 As crown prince he ended the Forty Years War with the rival Ava Kingdom in 1423 He came to the throne after poisoning his brother King Binnya Dhammaraza in 1424 As king Binnya Ran largely kept his kingdom at peace for much of his 20 year reign when Ava was struggling to keep its territories intact He pursued an opportunistic policy to keep Ava weak helping Toungoo s rebellion against Ava between 1437 and 1442 during which he placed his son as the viceroy of Toungoo When Ava reconquered Toungoo in 1442 he did not resume a large scale war against Ava Binnya Ran I ပထမ ဗည ရ ပထမ ဗည ရ King of HanthawaddyReign1424 1446PredecessorBinnya DhammarazaSuccessorBinnya WaruBornc April 1393 c Kason 755 ME 1 Pegu Bago Diedc September 1446 aged 53 c early Thadingyut 808 ME note 1 Pegu Bago ConsortYaza Dewi 2 Soe Min Wimala Dewi 3 Saw Min Aung 4 IssueLeik MunhtawNamesRama RazadaritHouseWareruFatherRazadaritMotherThuddhamayaReligionTheravada Buddhism This article contains Burmese script Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Burmese script Contents 1 Crown Prince 2 Reign 3 Historiography 4 Notes 5 References 6 BibliographyCrown Prince editBinnya Ran was born to Queen Thuddhamaya and King Razadarit 5 After Razadarit s death Binnya Dhammaraza became king Binnya Ran and Binnya Kyan immediately revolted against their elder brother Binnya Dhammaraza pacified Binnya Ran for a time by making him the heir apparent and governor of Pathein Bassein and the entire Irrawaddy delta Binnya Dhammaraza also pacified Binnya Kyan by making him governor of Martaban 6 But Binnya Ran was not satisfied He soon extended his territory and occupied Dagon Yangon in 1423 When Ava forces came to occupy Dala opposite Dagon Binnya Ran presented his elder sister Shin Sawbu to Thihathu and bought peace Ava forces withdrew ending the Forty Years War between Ava and Hanthawaddy Pegu In 1424 Binnya Ran poisoned Binnya Dhammaraza and became the eleventh king of Hanthawaddy 7 His reign name as reported in Mon language inscriptions was Rama Razadarit ရ မ ရ ဇ ဓ ရ ဇ Pali Rama Rajadhiraj 8 Reign editAs king Binnya Ran allowed Binnya Kyan to remain as governor of Martaban where the latter exercised almost independent authority He soon became involved with the dynastic intrigues of Ava Kingdom In 1426 Mohnyin Thado ascended the Ava throne In 1429 his sister Shin Sawbu fled secretly from Ava back to Pegu Binnya Ran received his elder sister with great honor 6 In the same year Thinkhaya III the governor of Toungoo sought Binnya Ran s alliance against Ava by presenting a daughter Binnya Ran agreed and attacked Prome Pyay together with Toungoo governor s forces 6 9 Mohnyin Thado broke up the alliance by giving a niece Soe Min Wimala Dewi to Binnya Ran 3 7 The Pegu king accepted the peace offer as he did not want renewed fighting The alliance was one of convenience for Binnya Ran He was happy to see that Mohnyin Thado was having trouble with Shan raids into Avan territory throughout the 1430s When Toungoo revolted again in 1437 Binnya Ran readily provided assistance for Toungoo With his help Toungoo defeated Ava and Binnya Ran s son Minsaw became the viceroy of Toungoo 10 However King Minye Kyawswa I of Ava reconquered Toungoo in 1440 and appointed Tarabya a Shan chief 10 For the remainder of his reign he was content to see Ava had its hands full with Ming Chinese invasions and Shan raids Binnya Ran died after a reign of approximately 22 years and was succeeded by nephew and adopted son Binnya Waru a son of Shin Sawbu Historiography editVarious Burmese chronicles do not agree on the key dates of the king s life Chronicles Birth Death Age Reign Length of reign Reference Razadarit Ayedawbon c April 1393 note 2 Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin 1446 47 not reported 1426 27 1446 47 20 note 3 Slapat Rajawan c 1395 1456 57 61 1424 25 1456 57 32 11 Pak Lat c 1393 1446 47 or c 1395 1446 47 53 or 51 1423 24 1446 47 23 note 4 Mon Yazawin Shwe Naw c 1685 1745 46 sic 60 1713 14 1745 46 sic 32 note 5 Notes edit Pan Hla 2005 361 footnote 2 Per Pak Lat Chronicles he died at age 53 54th year in 808 ME 30 March 1446 to 29 March 1447 Hmanann Vol 2 2003 88 suggests he was dead by 5th waxing of Thadingyut 808 ME 25 September 1446 Pan Hla 2005 203 He was born before Kason of 755 ME Hmanann Vol 2 2003 88 suggests he was dead by the 5th waxing of Thadingyut 808 ME 25 September 1446 Pak Lat reporting is inconsistent Pan Hla 2005 361 fn 1 Pak Lat says that Binnya Ran I became king at age 28 29th year at 785 ME 30 March 1423 to 28 March 1424 meaning he was born c 1395 and that he died at age 53 54th year in 808 ME 30 March 1446 to 29 March 1447 meaning he was born c 1393 Shwe Naw 1922 49 Binnya Dhammaraza died in 1075 ME 1713 1714 CE followed by Binnya Ran I who reigned for 32 years and died in his 61st year at age 60 References edit Pan Hla 2005 203 Pan Hla 2005 368 footnote 1 a b Hmannan Vol 2 2003 74 Hmannan Vol 2 2003 166 Yazawin Thit Vol 1 2012 268 a b c Phayre 1967 81 84 a b Harvey 1925 115 116 Than Tun 1985 xi Hmannan Vol 2 2003 71 a b Phayre 1967 91 Schmidt 1906 20 121Bibliography editAthwa Sayadaw 1766 Slapat des Ragawan der Konigsgeschichte Die athiopischen Handschriften der K K Hofbibliothek zu Wien in German 151 Translated by P W Schmidt 1906 ed Vienna Alfred Holder Fernquest Jon Autumn 2006 Crucible of War Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone 1382 1454 SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research 4 2 Harvey G E 1925 History of Burma From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 London Frank Cass amp Co Ltd Kala U 1724 Maha Yazawin in Burmese Vol 1 3 2006 4th printing ed Yangon Ya Pyei Publishing Maha Sithu 1798 Myint Swe Kyaw Win Thein Hlaing eds Yazawin Thit in Burmese Vol 1 3 2012 2nd printing ed Yangon Ya Pyei Publishing Pan Hla Nai 1968 Razadarit Ayedawbon in Burmese 8th printing 2005 ed Yangon Armanthit Sarpay Phayre Lt Gen Sir Arthur P 1883 History of Burma 1967 ed London Susil Gupta Royal Historical Commission of Burma 1832 Hmannan Yazawin in Burmese Vol 1 3 2003 ed Yangon Ministry of Information Myanmar Shwe Naw ed 1785 Mon Yazawin Shwe Naw in Burmese Translated by Shwe Naw 1922 ed Yangon Burma Publishing Workers Association Press Than Tun 1985 The Royal Orders of Burma A D 1598 1885 Vol 2 Kyoto University hdl 2433 173789 Binnya Ran IHanthawaddy DynastyBorn c April 1393 Died c September 1446 Regnal titles Preceded byBinnya Dhammaraza King of Hanthawaddyc 1424 1446 Succeeded byBinnya Waru Royal titles Preceded byBinnya Dhammaraza Heir to the Hanthawaddy Thronec 1421 1424 Succeeded byBinnya Waru Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Binnya Ran I amp oldid 1217403104, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
