A bifidus factor (bifidogenic factor) is a compound that specifically enhances the growth of bifidobacteria in either a product or in the intestines of humans and/or animals. Several products have been marketed as bifidogenic factors, such as several prebiotics and methyl-N-acetyl D-glucosamine in human milk.[1][2][3]
Originally, fructose-based carbohydrates inulin and fructooligosaccharides, showed a strong selective stimulation of bifidobacteria so a ‘prebiotic effect’ was considered the same as a ‘bifidogenic effect.[4]
Breast milkedit
Human breast milk contains unique and highly diverse human milk oligosaccharides. These oligosaccharides are considered to be a "Bifidus Factor" because they form highly desired intestinal bacteria; it is for this reason that baby formula contains added oligosaccharides in order to help build a child's immune system. Studies showed that infants, who were bottled fed, lacked intestinal colonization of bifidobacteria. This lack of bacteria made the babies susceptible to other infectious bacteria and ailments. The infants who were breast fed had higher concentration of the bacteria and their vulnerability too infections was significantly lower. Breast milk had high amounts of oligosaccharides. As, a result, oligosaccharides were added to milk formula. This method worked and the colonization of bifidobacteria leveled. This suggested that the oligosaccharides found in human milk were candidates for the bifidus factor.
Composition and functionedit
The bifidus factor might be lacto-N-biose I [LNB], which is a derivative of mucin sugars. However, the exact structure and mechanism behind the bifidus factor remains unknown.[5]
The bacteria would break down lactic acid and acetic acid. The environment of the intestine would become acidic, preventing the growth of any harmful pathogens. The function of LBN is unknown and it is possible that oligosaccharides with terminals of Galβ1-3GlcNAc are the bifidus factors.[6]
Bifidobacteria might suppress infections in infants and children.[citation needed]
Referencesedit
^"Bifidogenic". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
^Moro, G; Minoli, I; Mosca, M; Fanaro, S; Jelinek, J; Stahl, B; Boehm, G (2002). "Dosage-Related Bifidogenic Effects of Galacto- and Fructooligosaccharides in Formula-Fed Term Infants". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 34 (3): 291–5. doi:10.1097/00005176-200203000-00014. PMID 11964956. S2CID 9704332.
^Fanaro, Silvia; Marten, Berit; Bagna, Rossana; Vigi, Vittorio; Fabris, Claudio; Peña-Quintana, Luis; Argüelles, Federico; Scholz-Ahrens, Katharina E; et al. (2009). "Galacto-oligosaccharides Are Bifidogenic and Safe at Weaning: A Double-blind Randomized Multicenter Study". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 48 (1): 82–8. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31817b6dd2. PMID 19172129. S2CID 31875747.
^Schwiertz, Andreas, ed. (2016). Microbiota of the Human Body: Implications in Health and Disease. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 902. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 120. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31248-4. ISBN978-3-319-31246-0. S2CID 28970333.
^KOBATA, Akira (2010-07-21). "Structures and application of oligosaccharides in human milk". Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences. 86 (7): 731–747. Bibcode:2010PJAB...86..731K. doi:10.2183/pjab.86.731. ISSN 0386-2208. PMC3066539. PMID 20689231.
Other sourcesedit
O'Callaghan, Amy; van Sinderen, Douwe (2016). Bifidobacteria and Their Role as Members of the Human Gut Microbiota. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00925
Paul György; Robert F. Norris; Catharine S. Rose (1954). Bifidus factor. I. A variant of Lactobacillus bifidus requiring a special growth factor, 48 (1), 193–201. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(54)90323-9
This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
bifidus, factor, bifidus, factor, bifidogenic, factor, compound, that, specifically, enhances, growth, bifidobacteria, either, product, intestines, humans, animals, several, products, have, been, marketed, bifidogenic, factors, such, several, prebiotics, methy. A bifidus factor bifidogenic factor is a compound that specifically enhances the growth of bifidobacteria in either a product or in the intestines of humans and or animals Several products have been marketed as bifidogenic factors such as several prebiotics and methyl N acetyl D glucosamine in human milk 1 2 3 Contents 1 Background 2 Breast milk 3 Composition and function 4 References 5 Other sourcesBackground editOriginally fructose based carbohydrates inulin and fructooligosaccharides showed a strong selective stimulation of bifidobacteria so a prebiotic effect was considered the same as a bifidogenic effect 4 Breast milk editHuman breast milk contains unique and highly diverse human milk oligosaccharides These oligosaccharides are considered to be a Bifidus Factor because they form highly desired intestinal bacteria it is for this reason that baby formula contains added oligosaccharides in order to help build a child s immune system Studies showed that infants who were bottled fed lacked intestinal colonization of bifidobacteria This lack of bacteria made the babies susceptible to other infectious bacteria and ailments The infants who were breast fed had higher concentration of the bacteria and their vulnerability too infections was significantly lower Breast milk had high amounts of oligosaccharides As a result oligosaccharides were added to milk formula This method worked and the colonization of bifidobacteria leveled This suggested that the oligosaccharides found in human milk were candidates for the bifidus factor Composition and function editThe bifidus factor might be lacto N biose I LNB which is a derivative of mucin sugars However the exact structure and mechanism behind the bifidus factor remains unknown 5 The bacteria would break down lactic acid and acetic acid The environment of the intestine would become acidic preventing the growth of any harmful pathogens The function of LBN is unknown and it is possible that oligosaccharides with terminals of Galb1 3GlcNAc are the bifidus factors 6 Bifidobacteria might suppress infections in infants and children citation needed References edit Bifidogenic Encyclopedia com Retrieved 18 December 2021 Moro G Minoli I Mosca M Fanaro S Jelinek J Stahl B Boehm G 2002 Dosage Related Bifidogenic Effects of Galacto and Fructooligosaccharides in Formula Fed Term Infants Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 34 3 291 5 doi 10 1097 00005176 200203000 00014 PMID 11964956 S2CID 9704332 Fanaro Silvia Marten Berit Bagna Rossana Vigi Vittorio Fabris Claudio Pena Quintana Luis Arguelles Federico Scholz Ahrens Katharina E et al 2009 Galacto oligosaccharides Are Bifidogenic and Safe at Weaning A Double blind Randomized Multicenter Study Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 48 1 82 8 doi 10 1097 MPG 0b013e31817b6dd2 PMID 19172129 S2CID 31875747 Schwiertz Andreas ed 2016 Microbiota of the Human Body Implications in Health and Disease Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Vol 902 Cham Springer International Publishing p 120 doi 10 1007 978 3 319 31248 4 ISBN 978 3 319 31246 0 S2CID 28970333 Kitaoka Motomitsu Tian Jiesheng Nishimoto Mamoru June 2005 Novel Putative Galactose Operon Involving Lacto N Biose Phosphorylase in Bifidobacterium longum Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 6 3158 3162 Bibcode 2005ApEnM 71 3158K doi 10 1128 AEM 71 6 3158 3162 2005 ISSN 0099 2240 PMC 1151866 PMID 15933016 KOBATA Akira 2010 07 21 Structures and application of oligosaccharides in human milk Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B Physical and Biological Sciences 86 7 731 747 Bibcode 2010PJAB 86 731K doi 10 2183 pjab 86 731 ISSN 0386 2208 PMC 3066539 PMID 20689231 Other sources editO Callaghan Amy van Sinderen Douwe 2016 Bifidobacteria and Their Role as Members of the Human Gut Microbiota Frontiers in Microbiology 7 doi 10 3389 fmicb 2016 00925 Paul Gyorgy Robert F Norris Catharine S Rose 1954 Bifidus factor I A variant of Lactobacillus bifidus requiring a special growth factor 48 1 193 201 doi 10 1016 0003 9861 54 90323 9 nbsp This biochemistry article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bifidus factor amp oldid 1170095335, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
