Antitropical (alternatives include biantitropical or amphitropical) distribution is a type of disjunct distribution where a species or clade exists at comparable latitudes across the equator but not in the tropics. For example, a species may be found north of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Tropic of Capricorn, but not in between.[1] With increasing time since dispersal, the disjunct populations may be the same variety, species, or clade.[2] How the life forms distribute themselves to the opposite hemisphere when they can't normally survive in the middle depends on the species; plants may have their seed spread through wind, animal, or other methods and then germinate upon reaching the appropriate climate, while sea life may be able to travel through the tropical regions in a larval state or by going through deep ocean currents with much colder temperatures than on the surface. For the American amphitropical distribution, dispersal has been generally agreed to be more likely than vicariance from a previous distribution including the tropics in North and South America.[2]
For a list of American amphitropically distributed plants (237 vascular plants), see the tables in the open access paper Simpson et al. 2017[2] or their working group on figshare[5]
^Raven, Peter H. (1963). "Amphitropical Relationships in the Floras of North and South America". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 38 (2): 151–177. doi:10.1086/403797. ISSN 0033-5770. S2CID 85310607.
^ abcSimpson, Michael G.; Johnson, Leigh A.; Villaverde, Tamara; Guilliams, C. Matt (2017). "American amphitropical disjuncts: Perspectives from vascular plant analyses and prospects for future research". American Journal of Botany. 104 (11): 1600–1650. doi:10.3732/ajb.1700308. hdl:10261/168338. ISSN 0002-9122.
^Ito, Y., T. Ohi-Toma, J. Murata and Nr. Tanaka (2010) Hybridization and polyploidy of an aquatic plant, Ruppia (Ruppiaceae), inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA phylogenies. American Journal of Botany97: 1156-1167
^Nakamura, K., T. Denda, G. Kokubugata, P.I. Forster, G. Wilson, C.-I Peng, M. Yokota (2012) Molecular phylogeography reveals an antitropical distribution and local diversification of Solenogyne (Asteraceae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan and Australia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society105: 197-217
^"American Amphitropical Disjunction Working Group". figshare.com. Retrieved 2019-02-23.
^Lewis, Lily R.; Biersma, Elisabeth M.; Carey, Sarah B.; Holsinger, Kent; McDaniel, Stuart F.; Rozzi, Ricardo; Goffinet, Bernard (2017). "Resolving the northern hemisphere source region for the long-distance dispersal event that gave rise to the South American endemic dung mossTetraplodon fuegianus". American Journal of Botany. 104 (11): 1651–1659. doi:10.3732/ajb.1700144. ISSN 0002-9122.
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antitropical, distribution, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Antitropical distribution news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Antitropical alternatives include biantitropical or amphitropical distribution is a type of disjunct distribution where a species or clade exists at comparable latitudes across the equator but not in the tropics For example a species may be found north of the Tropic of Cancer and south of the Tropic of Capricorn but not in between 1 With increasing time since dispersal the disjunct populations may be the same variety species or clade 2 How the life forms distribute themselves to the opposite hemisphere when they can t normally survive in the middle depends on the species plants may have their seed spread through wind animal or other methods and then germinate upon reaching the appropriate climate while sea life may be able to travel through the tropical regions in a larval state or by going through deep ocean currents with much colder temperatures than on the surface For the American amphitropical distribution dispersal has been generally agreed to be more likely than vicariance from a previous distribution including the tropics in North and South America 2 Contents 1 Known cases 1 1 Plants 1 2 Animals 1 3 Bryophytes and lichens 2 See also 3 ReferencesKnown cases editPlants edit Phacelia crenulata scorpionweed Bowlesia incana American Bowlesia Osmorhiza berteroi and Osmorhiza depauperata sweet cecily species Ruppia megacarpa 3 Solenogyne 4 For a list of American amphitropically distributed plants 237 vascular plants see the tables in the open access paper Simpson et al 2017 2 or their working group on figshare 5 Animals edit Scylla serrata mud crab Freshwater crayfish Ground beetle genus BembidionBryophytes and lichens edit Tetraplodon fuegianus 6 dung mossSee also editRapoport s ruleReferences edit Raven Peter H 1963 Amphitropical Relationships in the Floras of North and South America The Quarterly Review of Biology 38 2 151 177 doi 10 1086 403797 ISSN 0033 5770 S2CID 85310607 a b c Simpson Michael G Johnson Leigh A Villaverde Tamara Guilliams C Matt 2017 American amphitropical disjuncts Perspectives from vascular plant analyses and prospects for future research American Journal of Botany 104 11 1600 1650 doi 10 3732 ajb 1700308 hdl 10261 168338 ISSN 0002 9122 Ito Y T Ohi Toma J Murata and Nr Tanaka 2010 Hybridization and polyploidy of an aquatic plant Ruppia Ruppiaceae inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA phylogenies American Journal of Botany 97 1156 1167 Nakamura K T Denda G Kokubugata P I Forster G Wilson C I Peng M Yokota 2012 Molecular phylogeography reveals an antitropical distribution and local diversification of Solenogyne Asteraceae in the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan and Australia Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 105 197 217 American Amphitropical Disjunction Working Group figshare com Retrieved 2019 02 23 Lewis Lily R Biersma Elisabeth M Carey Sarah B Holsinger Kent McDaniel Stuart F Rozzi Ricardo Goffinet Bernard 2017 Resolving the northern hemisphere source region for the long distance dispersal event that gave rise to the South American endemic dung mossTetraplodon fuegianus American Journal of Botany 104 11 1651 1659 doi 10 3732 ajb 1700144 ISSN 0002 9122 nbsp This ecology related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antitropical distribution amp oldid 1170912699, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
