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List of Betula species

March 17, 2024

Subgenera of genus Betula (birch), are;

Subgenus Betulenta - Wintergreen oil birches edit

Bark on twigs rich in methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen). Female catkins erect.

Subgenus Betulaster - Large-leaf birches edit

Bark on twigs contains some methyl salicylate. Female catkins pendulous.

Subgenus Neurobetula - Costate birches edit

Bark on twigs without methyl salicylate. Female catkins erect.

Subgenus Betula - Typical birches edit

Bark on twigs without methyl salicylate. Female catkins pendulous.

Subgenus Chamaebetula - Dwarf birches edit

Small shrubs with small rounded leaves. Female catkins pendulous.

Notes edit

There is no consensus at all on species limits in Betula, with different authors differing wildly in what species they accept, from under 30 species, to over 60. The above (incomplete) list was compiled from the references cited below. Birches will hybridise very freely, particularly in cultivation but also in the wild where conditions and species present permit. While differing chromosome number (diploid, tetraploid, etc.) may reduce interbreeding, it is not an absolute bar to it. Many botanists regard differing chromosome number as a specific discriminant, though not all do so (e.g. some include B. cordifolia and B. neoalaskana as varieties within B. papyrifera).

References edit

  1. ^ (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 373. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  2. ^ Wolfe, Jack A. & Wehr, Wesley C. 1987. Middle Eocene Dicotyledonous Plants from Republic, Northeastern Washington. United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1597:13
  3. ^ Crane P.R. & Stockey R.A. 1987; "Betula leaves and reproductive structures from the Middle Eocene of British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 65(12): 2490-2500.
  • Bean, W. J. 1976, 1988. Trees & Shrubs hardy in the British Isles. Eighth edition, revised, vol. 1 (1976) & Supplement (1988); editor D. L. Clarke.
  • Hunt, D. 1993. Betula. Proceedings of the IDS Betula Symposium 2-4 October 1992. International Dendrology Society.
  • Li, J., Shoup, S. & Chen, Z.; Shoup, Suzanne; Chen, Zhiduan (2007). "Phylogenetic Relationships of Diploid Species of Betula (Betulaceae) Inferred from DNA Sequences of Nuclear Nitrate Reductase". Systematic Botany. 32 (2): 357–365. doi:10.1600/036364407781179699. S2CID 85837009.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Rushforth, K. D. 1999. Trees of Britain & Europe. Collins. (Useful details on chromosome numbers of many European & Asian birches).
  • Skvortsov, A. K. 2002. A new system of the genus Betula. Byulleten Moskovoskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologie 107: 73–76.
  • Flora of North America online - Betula.
  • Grimshaw, J. 2009, New Trees, Recent introductions to cultivation. Kew Publishing

See also edit

March 17, 2024
list, betula, species, subgenera, genus, betula, birch, contents, subgenus, betulenta, wintergreen, birches, subgenus, betulaster, large, leaf, birches, subgenus, neurobetula, costate, birches, subgenus, betula, typical, birches, subgenus, chamaebetula, dwarf,. Subgenera of genus Betula birch are Contents 1 Subgenus Betulenta Wintergreen oil birches 2 Subgenus Betulaster Large leaf birches 3 Subgenus Neurobetula Costate birches 4 Subgenus Betula Typical birches 5 Subgenus Chamaebetula Dwarf birches 6 Notes 7 References 8 See alsoSubgenus Betulenta Wintergreen oil birches editBark on twigs rich in methyl salicylate oil of wintergreen Female catkins erect Diploid 2n 28 Betula lenta Sweet birch or cherry birch Betula lenta subsp uber Cherry Creek birch Hexaploid 6n 84 Betula allegheniensis Yellow birch B lutea Decaploid 10n 140 Betula austrosinensis South China birch Betula globispica Betula insignis Betula medwediewii Caucasian birch Duodecaploid 12n 168 Betula megrelica chromosome number not reported Betula corylifolia Hazel leaf birch Betula grossa Japanese cherry birch Betula insignis Subgenus Betulaster Large leaf birches editBark on twigs contains some methyl salicylate Female catkins pendulous Betula alnoides Alder leaf birch Betula alnoides subsp luminifera Betula maximowicziana Monarch birchSubgenus Neurobetula Costate birches editBark on twigs without methyl salicylate Female catkins erect Diploid 2n 28 Betula calcicola Betula chichibuensis Betula costata Korean birch 1 Betula nigra River birch or black birch Betula potaninii Potanin s birch Tetraploid 4n 56 Betula albosinensis Chinese red birch Betula albosinensis var septentrionalis North Chinese red birch Betula ermanii Erman s birch Betula jacquemontii B utilis subsp jacquemontii White barked Himalayan birch Betula utilis Himalayan birch Hexaploid 6n 84 Betula dahurica Dahurian birch Betula delavayi Delavay s birch Betula raddeana Radde s birch Octoploid 8n 112 Betula chinensis Chinese birch chromosome number not reported Betula fargesii Farges s birch Betula schmidtii Schmidt s birch chromosome number unknown Betula leopoldae 2 3 Subgenus Betula Typical birches editBark on twigs without methyl salicylate Female catkins pendulous Diploid 2n 28 Betula cordifolia Heart leaf birch or mountain paper birch Betula pendula Silver birch Betula mandschurica Manchurian birch Betula mandschurica var japonica Japanese birch Betula neoalaskana Alaska birch or Yukon birch Betula occidentalis Water birch or red birch B fontinalis Betula platyphylla Betula pendula var platyphylla Siberian silver birch Betula populifolia Gray birch Betula szechuanica Betula pendula var szechuanica Sichuan birch Tetraploid 4n 56 Betula celtiberica Iberian white birch Betula pubescens White birch European white birch or downy birch Betula pubescens subsp tortuosa Arctic white birch Pentaploid 5n 70 Betula kenaica Kenai birch Hexaploid 6n 84 Betula papyrifera Paper birch canoe birch or American white birch sometimes tetraploid or pentaploid Subgenus Chamaebetula Dwarf birches editSmall shrubs with small rounded leaves Female catkins pendulous Diploid 2n 28 Betula glandulosa B nana subsp glandulosa American dwarf birch Betula nana Dwarf birch Tetraploid 4n 56 Betula minor Quebec dwarf birch Betula pumila Swamp birch chromosome number not reported Betula fruticosa Betula gmelinii Betula hallii Cascades dwarf birch Betula humilis Arctic dwarf birch Betula michauxii Newfoundland dwarf birch Betula microphylla Betula middendorffii Notes editThere is no consensus at all on species limits in Betula with different authors differing wildly in what species they accept from under 30 species to over 60 The above incomplete list was compiled from the references cited below Birches will hybridise very freely particularly in cultivation but also in the wild where conditions and species present permit While differing chromosome number diploid tetraploid etc may reduce interbreeding it is not an absolute bar to it Many botanists regard differing chromosome number as a specific discriminant though not all do so e g some include B cordifolia and B neoalaskana as varieties within B papyrifera References edit English Names for Korean Native Plants PDF Pocheon Korea National Arboretum 2015 p 373 ISBN 978 89 97450 98 5 Archived from the original PDF on 25 May 2017 Retrieved 16 December 2016 via Korea Forest Service Wolfe Jack A amp Wehr Wesley C 1987 Middle Eocene Dicotyledonous Plants from Republic Northeastern Washington United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1597 13 Crane P R amp Stockey R A 1987 Betula leaves and reproductive structures from the Middle Eocene of British Columbia Canada Canadian Journal of Botany 65 12 2490 2500 Bean W J 1976 1988 Trees amp Shrubs hardy in the British Isles Eighth edition revised vol 1 1976 amp Supplement 1988 editor D L Clarke Hunt D 1993 Betula Proceedings of the IDS Betula Symposium 2 4 October 1992 International Dendrology Society Li J Shoup S amp Chen Z Shoup Suzanne Chen Zhiduan 2007 Phylogenetic Relationships of Diploid Species of Betula Betulaceae Inferred from DNA Sequences of Nuclear Nitrate Reductase Systematic Botany 32 2 357 365 doi 10 1600 036364407781179699 S2CID 85837009 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Rushforth K D 1999 Trees of Britain amp Europe Collins Useful details on chromosome numbers of many European amp Asian birches Skvortsov A K 2002 A new system of the genus Betula Byulleten Moskovoskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody Otdel Biologie 107 73 76 Flora of North America online Betula Grimshaw J 2009 New Trees Recent introductions to cultivation Kew PublishingSee also editBirch Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of Betula species amp oldid 1076750429 Subgenus Neurobetula Costate birches, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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