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β-Thromboglobulin

β-Thromboglobulin (β-TG), or beta-thromboglobulin, is a chemokine protein secreted by platelets.[1][2] It is a type of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7.[3] Along with platelet factor 4 (PF4), β-TG is one of the best-characterized platelet-specific proteins.[4] β-TG and PF4 are stored in platelet alpha granules and are released during platelet activation.[1][4][5] As a result, they are useful markers of platelet activation.[1][4] β-TG also has multiple biological activities, for instance being involved in maturation of megakaryocytes.[6]

Biological actions

β-TG is a chemoattractant, strongly for fibroblasts and weakly for neutrophils. It is a stimulator of mitogenesis, extracellular matrix synthesis, glucose metabolism, and plasminogen activator synthesis in human fibroblasts.[5]

β-TG also affects megakaryocyte maturation, and thus helps in regulating platelet production.[5]

Clinical uses

Levels of β-TG is used to index platelet activation. It is measured by ELISA in blood plasma or urine, and often in conjunction with PF4.[5]

Influences

β-TG levels may increase with age.[7] It is elevated in diabetes mellitus.[8]

β-TG levels have been found to be increased by treatment with the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol, though were not significantly increased by the natural estrogen estradiol valerate.[9][10][11][12] Levels of β-TG have also been found to be increased or unchanged during normal pregnancy.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b c Sharma G, Berger JS (August 2011). "Platelet activity and cardiovascular risk in apparently healthy individuals: a review of the data". J Thromb Thrombolysis. 32 (2): 201–8. doi:10.1007/s11239-011-0590-9. PMID 21562837. S2CID 23686294.
  2. ^ Kaplan KL, Owen J (February 1981). "Plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 as indices of platelet activation in vivo". Blood. 57 (2): 199–202. doi:10.1182/blood.V57.2.199.199. PMID 6160890.
  3. ^ Pillai MM, Iwata M, Awaya N, Graf L, Torok-Storb B (May 2006). "Monocyte-derived CXCL7 peptides in the marrow microenvironment". Blood. 107 (9): 3520–6. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-10-4285. PMC 1895768. PMID 16391012.
  4. ^ a b c Cella G, Scattolo N, Girolami A, Sasahara AA (1984). "Are platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin markers of cardiovascular disorders?". Ric Clin Lab. 14 (1): 9–18. doi:10.1007/BF02905035. PMID 6203164. S2CID 58519828.
  5. ^ a b c d Cytokines & Cells Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia --> Beta-Thromboglobulin Retrieved on August 17, 2009
  6. ^ Chung-Eun Ha; N. V. Bhagavan (24 April 2015). Essentials of Medical Biochemistry: With Clinical Cases (2 ed.). Academic Press. pp. 652–. ISBN 978-0-12-416697-4. OCLC 1006915388.
  7. ^ Martinelli I, Bucciarelli P, Mannucci PM (February 2010). "Thrombotic risk factors: basic pathophysiology". Crit Care Med. 38 (2 Suppl): S3–9. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181c9cbd9. PMID 20083911. S2CID 34486553.
  8. ^ Page 121 in: Sterne, Jonathan; Kirkwood, Betty R. (2003). Essential medical statistics. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-86542-871-9.
  9. ^ Farris M, Bastianelli C, Rosato E, Brosens I, Benagiano G (October 2017). "Pharmacodynamics of combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives: 2. effects on hemostasis". Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 10 (10): 1129–1144. doi:10.1080/17512433.2017.1356718. PMID 28712325. S2CID 205931204.
  10. ^ Kluft C, Lansink M (July 1997). "Effect of oral contraceptives on haemostasis variables". Thromb Haemost. 78 (1): 315–26. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1657546. PMID 9198173.
  11. ^ Kuhl, H (1998). "Adverse effects of estrogen treatment: natural vs. synthetic estrogens". In Lippert, T. H.; Mueck, A. O.; Ginsburg, J. (eds.). Sex Steroids and the Cardiovascular System: The Proceedings of the 1st Interdisciplinary Workshop, Tuebingen, Germany, October 1996. London/New York: Parthenon. pp. 201–210. ISBN 9781850709565.
  12. ^ Lindberg UB, Crona N, Stigendal L, Teger-Nilsson AC, Silfverstolpe G (February 1989). "A comparison between effects of estradiol valerate and low dose ethinyl estradiol on haemostasis parameters". Thromb Haemost. 61 (1): 65–9. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1646528. PMID 2526387.
  13. ^ Hellgren M (April 2003). "Hemostasis during normal pregnancy and puerperium". Semin Thromb Hemost. 29 (2): 125–30. doi:10.1055/s-2003-38897. PMID 12709915.



thromboglobulin, beta, thromboglobulin, chemokine, protein, secreted, platelets, type, chemokine, motif, ligand, along, with, platelet, factor, best, characterized, platelet, specific, proteins, stored, platelet, alpha, granules, released, during, platelet, ac. b Thromboglobulin b TG or beta thromboglobulin is a chemokine protein secreted by platelets 1 2 It is a type of chemokine C X C motif ligand 7 3 Along with platelet factor 4 PF4 b TG is one of the best characterized platelet specific proteins 4 b TG and PF4 are stored in platelet alpha granules and are released during platelet activation 1 4 5 As a result they are useful markers of platelet activation 1 4 b TG also has multiple biological activities for instance being involved in maturation of megakaryocytes 6 Contents 1 Biological actions 2 Clinical uses 3 Influences 4 ReferencesBiological actions Editb TG is a chemoattractant strongly for fibroblasts and weakly for neutrophils It is a stimulator of mitogenesis extracellular matrix synthesis glucose metabolism and plasminogen activator synthesis in human fibroblasts 5 b TG also affects megakaryocyte maturation and thus helps in regulating platelet production 5 Clinical uses EditLevels of b TG is used to index platelet activation It is measured by ELISA in blood plasma or urine and often in conjunction with PF4 5 Influences Editb TG levels may increase with age 7 It is elevated in diabetes mellitus 8 b TG levels have been found to be increased by treatment with the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol though were not significantly increased by the natural estrogen estradiol valerate 9 10 11 12 Levels of b TG have also been found to be increased or unchanged during normal pregnancy 13 References Edit a b c Sharma G Berger JS August 2011 Platelet activity and cardiovascular risk in apparently healthy individuals a review of the data J Thromb Thrombolysis 32 2 201 8 doi 10 1007 s11239 011 0590 9 PMID 21562837 S2CID 23686294 Kaplan KL Owen J February 1981 Plasma levels of beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 as indices of platelet activation in vivo Blood 57 2 199 202 doi 10 1182 blood V57 2 199 199 PMID 6160890 Pillai MM Iwata M Awaya N Graf L Torok Storb B May 2006 Monocyte derived CXCL7 peptides in the marrow microenvironment Blood 107 9 3520 6 doi 10 1182 blood 2005 10 4285 PMC 1895768 PMID 16391012 a b c Cella G Scattolo N Girolami A Sasahara AA 1984 Are platelet factor 4 and beta thromboglobulin markers of cardiovascular disorders Ric Clin Lab 14 1 9 18 doi 10 1007 BF02905035 PMID 6203164 S2CID 58519828 a b c d Cytokines amp Cells Online Pathfinder Encyclopaedia gt Beta Thromboglobulin Retrieved on August 17 2009 Chung Eun Ha N V Bhagavan 24 April 2015 Essentials of Medical Biochemistry With Clinical Cases 2 ed Academic Press pp 652 ISBN 978 0 12 416697 4 OCLC 1006915388 Martinelli I Bucciarelli P Mannucci PM February 2010 Thrombotic risk factors basic pathophysiology Crit Care Med 38 2 Suppl S3 9 doi 10 1097 CCM 0b013e3181c9cbd9 PMID 20083911 S2CID 34486553 Page 121 in Sterne Jonathan Kirkwood Betty R 2003 Essential medical statistics Oxford Blackwell Science ISBN 0 86542 871 9 Farris M Bastianelli C Rosato E Brosens I Benagiano G October 2017 Pharmacodynamics of combined estrogen progestin oral contraceptives 2 effects on hemostasis Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 10 10 1129 1144 doi 10 1080 17512433 2017 1356718 PMID 28712325 S2CID 205931204 Kluft C Lansink M July 1997 Effect of oral contraceptives on haemostasis variables Thromb Haemost 78 1 315 26 doi 10 1055 s 0038 1657546 PMID 9198173 Kuhl H 1998 Adverse effects of estrogen treatment natural vs synthetic estrogens In Lippert T H Mueck A O Ginsburg J eds Sex Steroids and the Cardiovascular System The Proceedings of the 1st Interdisciplinary Workshop Tuebingen Germany October 1996 London New York Parthenon pp 201 210 ISBN 9781850709565 Lindberg UB Crona N Stigendal L Teger Nilsson AC Silfverstolpe G February 1989 A comparison between effects of estradiol valerate and low dose ethinyl estradiol on haemostasis parameters Thromb Haemost 61 1 65 9 doi 10 1055 s 0038 1646528 PMID 2526387 Hellgren M April 2003 Hemostasis during normal pregnancy and puerperium Semin Thromb Hemost 29 2 125 30 doi 10 1055 s 2003 38897 PMID 12709915 This biochemistry article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte This hematology article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title B Thromboglobulin amp oldid 1079308231, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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