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Kreuzberg

January 01, 1970

For other uses, see Kreuzberg (disambiguation).

Kreuzberg (German pronunciation: [ˈkʁɔʏtsbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a district of Berlin, Germany. It is part of the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg borough located south of Mitte.[2] During the Cold War era, it was one of the poorest areas of West Berlin, but since German reunification in 1990, it has become more gentrified and is known for its arts scene.[3][4][5]

Kreuzberg
Quarter of Berlin
Aerial photo
Coat of arms
Location of Kreuzberg in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg and Berlin
Kreuzberg
Kreuzberg
Coordinates: 52°29′15″N 13°23′00″E / 52.48750°N 13.38333°E / 52.48750; 13.38333
CountryGermany
StateBerlin
CityBerlin
BoroughFriedrichshain-Kreuzberg
Founded1920
Subdivisions2 zones
Area
 • Total10.4 km2 (4.0 sq mi)
Elevation
52 m (171 ft)
Population
 (2020-12-31)[1]
 • Total153,135
 • Density15,000/km2 (38,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
(nr. 0202) 10961, 10963, 10965, 10967, 10997, 10999, 10969
Vehicle registrationB

The borough is known for its large percentage of immigrants and descendants of immigrants, many of whom are of Turkish ancestry. As of 2006, 31.6% of Kreuzberg's inhabitants did not have German citizenship.[6] Kreuzberg is noted for its diverse cultural life and experimental alternative lifestyles,[7] and is an attractive area for many; however, some parts of the district are still characterized by higher levels of unemployment.

Geography edit

Layout edit

Kreuzberg is bounded by the river Spree in the east. The Landwehrkanal flows through Kreuzberg from east to west, with the Paul-Lincke-Ufer street running alongside it. Other characteristics are the old U-Bahn line of the present-day U1, Görlitzer Park in the SO36 district, and Viktoriapark on the slope of Kreuzberg hill in SW 61.

Subdivision edit

Kreuzberg is divided into 2 zones (Ortslagen):

  1. Östliches Kreuzberg (Berlin SO 36)
  2. Westliches Kreuzberg (Kreuzberg 61)

History edit

In contrast to many other areas of Berlin, which were villages before their integration into Berlin, Kreuzberg has a rather short history.[8] It was formed on 1 October 1920 by the Greater Berlin Act, which provided for the incorporation of suburbs and the reorganisation of Berlin into twenty boroughs. The eastern Friedrichsvorstadt, the southern Friedrichstadt, the western and southern Luisenstadt, and the Tempelhofer Vorstadt were merged into the new sixth borough of Berlin, first named Hallesches Tor. On 27 September 1921, the borough assembly of Hallesches Tor decided to rename the borough after the homonymous hill.[9] Kreuzberg, literally meaning 'cross hill', is the point of the highest elevation in the Kreuzberg locality, which is 66 m (217 ft) above sea level.[10] The hill is traditionally a place for weekend trips. It received its name from the 1821 Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars by Karl Friedrich Schinkel within the Viktoriapark, built in commemoration of the Napoleonic Wars. Except for its northernmost part—the quarter Friedrichstadt (established at the end of the 17th century)—today's Kreuzberg was a very rural place until well into the 19th century.

This changed when, in the 1860s, industrialization caused Berlin to grow rapidly. This called for extensive housing—much of which was built exploiting the dire needs of the poor, with widespread land speculation. Many of Kreuzberg's buildings originate from that time.[11] They were built on the streets laid out in the Hobrecht-Plan in an area that came to be known architecturally as the Wilhelmine Ring.

Far into the 20th century, Kreuzberg was the most populous of Berlin's boroughs even in absolute numbers, with more than 400,000 people, although it was and still is geographically the smallest. As a result, with more than 60,000 people per square kilometer (160,000 people/sq mi), Kreuzberg had the highest population density in Berlin.

Kreuzberg became a district of migration during the late 19th century when Berlin began growing rapidly as an economic and cultural hub. Before World War II, it was home to a diverse population, with a large portion of the population being Ashkenazi Jews. Central to Kreuzberg Jewish life was the Fraenkelufer Synagogue, with a capacity of 2,000. This synagogue was destroyed during Kristallnacht, as were numerous Jewish businesses and property. The vast majority of Kreuzberg's Jews were deported to their deaths between 1942 and 1944 by the Nazis during The Holocaust, and their houses and businesses were seized and given to ethnic Germans. The Jewish Museum Berlin stands in Kreuzberg, and many Stolpersteine can be seen on Kreuzberg streets, commemorating the murdered Jews who lived in the area.

 
Saarlandstraße (today's Stresemannstraße) looking towards "Askanischer Platz" with the ruin of Anhalt Station and the tower stump of the "Protestant Saint Luke's Church", after the air raids during World War II

In addition to housing, Kreuzberg was also an industrial center of Berlin. The "export quarter" along Ritter Street consisted of many profitable small businesses, and the "press quarter" along Koch Street (Friedrichstadt) was the home of most of Germany's large newspapers, as well as the Ullstein, Scherl, and Mosse book publishers.[10]

Both industrial quarters were almost entirely destroyed by air raids during World War II, with the American bombing by over a thousand aircraft on 3 February 1945. In remembrance of the old tradition, the Axel Springer press company erected its German headquarters at Kochstraße again, right next to the Berlin Wall.

 
Oranienplatz on Labour Day
 
Kottbusser Tor (Berlin U-Bahn station)
 
A street in Kreuzberg

In July 1945, most of the then district was assigned to the American Sector. After the Berlin Wall was built, the most important transit location to East Berlin was Checkpoint Charlie.

After World War II, Kreuzberg's housing rents were regulated by law which made investments unattractive. As a result, housing was of low quality, but cheap, which made the borough greatly attractive to immigrants.[12] Starting in the late 1960s, increasing numbers of students, artists, and immigrants began moving to Kreuzberg. Enclosed by the Berlin Wall on three sides, the area became famous for its alternative lifestyle and its squatters, especially the SO36 part of Kreuzberg.[13] Starting in 1987, there have been violent riots in SO36 on Labour day.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Kreuzberg suddenly found itself in the middle of the city again. The initially cheap rents and the high concentration of 19th-century housing made some parts of the borough more attractive as a residential area for a much wider (and richer) variety of people. Today, Kreuzberg has one of the youngest populations of all European city boroughs; statistically, its population has been completely swapped twice in the last two decades.

Berlin's 2001 administrative reform combined Kreuzberg with Friedrichshain to form the new borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. Since the two areas are linked only by a single bridge over the Spree River, the Oberbaumbrücke, this combination seemed awkward to many residents.[citation needed] The two areas not being able to agree on a common location for the future borough's city hall, the present location in Friedrichshain was decided by flipping a five-Mark coin.

Culture edit

Kreuzberg has historically been home to Berlin's punk rock movement as well as other alternative subcultures in Germany.[14] The SO36 club remains a fixture on the Berlin music scene. It was originally focused on punk music and in the 1970s was often frequented by Iggy Pop and David Bowie. In those days, the club rivalled New York's CBGB as one of the finest new-wave venues in the world.[15]

There has also been a significant influence stemming from African-American and hip hop culture on Kreuzberg's youth and the area has become a centre for rap and breakdance within Berlin. Though the majority of Kreuzberg's residents are of German or Turkish descent, some identify more with (African-)American or other cultures.[16] Hip hop was largely introduced to the youth of Kreuzberg by the children of American servicemen who were stationed nearby until the reunification of Germany.[17] The art collective Berlin Kidz who are known for their pichação influenced graffiti, parkour, and train surfing are from the Kreuzberg area.[18]

The Carnival of Cultures, a large annual festival, celebrates different cultures and heritages with colourful street parades and festivities including street entertainment, food, arts and craft stalls, music, and art.[19]

Kreuzberg has long been the epicenter of LGBTQ life and arts in Berlin. Kreuzberg is home to the Schwules Museum, established in the 1980s and dedicated to preserving, exhibiting, and discovering queer history, art, and culture.

Kreuzberg in popular culture edit

 
Kottbusser Tor at night
  • German musician and DJ Robin Schulz's musical composition, "Prayer in C", an adaptation of a prior song of the same name by Lilly Wood & the Prick, had most of the music video filmed in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg.
  • Turkish-German filmmaker Neco Celik, who portrays the American influence over the youth culture in Kreuzberg in his first film, Alltag, notes that "Kreuzberg is a kind of biotope where different nationalities live, but the environment determines their lives, not their nationalities".
  • German musician Sven Regener's first novel, Berlin Blues, and third novel, Der Kleine Bruder [de], are set in the district of Kreuzberg.
  • "Kreuzberg" is a song by English indie rock band Bloc Party on the album A Weekend in the City, which also mentions the East Side Gallery.
  • American musician Stephen Malkmus mentions taking a "locomotive to Kreuzberg" in his song "Black Book".
  • Kreuzberg's bohemian way of life is reflected in the song "Find the Time" by English singer/songwriter Sam Duckworth's band Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly on the album Searching for the Hows and Whys.
  • Kreuzberg-based Turkish-German rapper Killa Hakan mentions Kreuzberg in most of his songs, most notably in his 2007 single "Kreuzberg City".
  • The acclaimed documentary Pool of Princesses (Prinzessinnenbad) by Bettina Blümner [de] focuses on the lives of three young girls from Kreuzberg.
  • Canadian musician Shotgun Jimmie's 2011 album Transistor Sister contains a song titled "The King of Kreuzberg", wherein he sings about taking the train to Kreuzberg and "jump[ing] right into it".
  • English post-punk band Killing Joke have a song on their first album titled "SO 36".
  • Phoenix folk-punk band Andrew Jackson Jihad make a reference to Kreuzberg in the song "Kokopelli Face Tattoo" with the lyric "Kreuz is German for Williams." Vocalist Sean Bonnette claims this pokes fun at the young hipness of Kreuzberg, in that it is similar to a German version of Williamsburg, Brooklyn.
  • Kreuzberg appears in Shadowrun Returns's Dragonfall expansion as Kreuzbasar, a small self-sufficient walled community in the anarchic "F-State" of Berlin.
  • In the novel No Man's Land by Michael Califra (Hadrian, 2015), the story's narrator, an American expatriate named Richard, lives in the Kreuzberg district of West Berlin in the months prior to the fall of the Wall.
  • Kreuzberg based Turkish-German rapper Massaka mentions Kreuzberg as a "ghetto" in his songs.
  • Detroit-based restaurant, Supergeil, located in that city's Corktown neighborhood, has a menu heavily influenced by the fusion of German and Turkish cuisine and has a number of Kreuzberg-themed dishes and drinks.
  • In the third season's finale of the TV series The Americans, Elizabeth and Paige Jennings travel to Kreuzberg to meet Elizabeth's mother.

Places and buildings of interest edit

 
Rio-Reiser-Platz (former Heinrichplatz) in Kreuzberg
 
Waterside of the Landwehrkanal in Kreuzberg
 
Bridges over the Landwehrkanal in Kreuzberg
 
Berlin U-Bahn station Görlitzer Bahnhof
 
Wrangelstraße with Tabor Church

People edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2020" (PDF). Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg. February 2021.
  2. ^ Wosnitza, Regine (13 April 2003). . Time. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2008.
  3. ^ . Archived from the original on 6 February 2008.
  4. ^ "Berlin's culture club". CNN. 30 June 2007.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 3 May 2009.
  6. ^ . Web1.bbu.de. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  7. ^ "Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg". www.visitberlin.de. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
  8. ^ Eva Brücker, Hasso Spode et al.: Kreuzberg (Geschichtslandschaft Berlin V), Berlin: Nicolai 1994 [1]
  9. ^ Klaus-Dieter Wille, Spaziergänge in Kreuzberg, Berlin: Haude & Spener, 1986, (=Berliner Kaleidoskop: Schriften zur Berliner Kunst- und Kulturgeschichte; vol. 32), p. 21. ISBN 3-7759-0287-2.
  10. ^ a b Muz-online.de 2 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine retrieved on 21 March 2008
  11. ^ Visitberlin.de 3 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved on 21 March 2008
  12. ^ , Regine Wosnitza "Berlin on its wild site" 13 April 2003, retrieved on 21 March 2008
  13. ^ Spiegel.de retrieved on 21 March 2008; see Brücker/Spode op.cit.
  14. ^ Sontheimer, Michael (8 December 2016). "Berliner Punk-Zentrum SO36: Bier, Schweiß, Lärm und Freiheit". Spiegel Online. Retrieved 27 November 2019.
  15. ^ "Home". SO36.
  16. ^ Brown, Timothy S. "'Keeping it Real' in a Different 'Hood: (African-) Americanization and Hip-hop in Germany". In The Vinyl Ain't Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 137-50. London; A
  17. ^ The Saturday Profile; A Bold New View of Turkish-German Youth, New York Times
  18. ^ "Biography / Berlin Kidz". urban-nation.com. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  19. ^ "Karneval der Kulturen". Karneval-berlin.de. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  20. ^ Lovenheim, Barbara (2016). Survival in the shadows: seven Jews hidden in Hitler's Berlin. New York: Open Road Integrated Media. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-5040-3998-7.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kreuzberg.
  • friedrichshain-kreuzberg.de, the website of the combined borough (in German)
  • (in English)

January 01, 1970
kreuzberg, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, contain, unverified, indiscriminate, information, embedded, lists, please, help, clean, lists, removing, items, incorporating, them, into, text, article, 2020, german, pronunciation, ˈkʁɔʏtsbɛʁk, district,. For other uses see Kreuzberg disambiguation This article may contain unverified or indiscriminate information in embedded lists Please help clean up the lists by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article May 2020 Kreuzberg German pronunciation ˈkʁɔʏtsbɛʁk is a district of Berlin Germany It is part of the Friedrichshain Kreuzberg borough located south of Mitte 2 During the Cold War era it was one of the poorest areas of West Berlin but since German reunification in 1990 it has become more gentrified and is known for its arts scene 3 4 5 KreuzbergQuarter of BerlinAerial photoCoat of armsLocation of Kreuzberg in Friedrichshain Kreuzberg and BerlinKreuzbergShow map of GermanyKreuzbergShow map of BerlinCoordinates 52 29 15 N 13 23 00 E 52 48750 N 13 38333 E 52 48750 13 38333CountryGermanyStateBerlinCityBerlinBoroughFriedrichshain KreuzbergFounded1920Subdivisions2 zonesArea Total10 4 km2 4 0 sq mi Elevation52 m 171 ft Population 2020 12 31 1 Total153 135 Density15 000 km2 38 000 sq mi Time zoneUTC 01 00 CET Summer DST UTC 02 00 CEST Postal codes nr 0202 10961 10963 10965 10967 10997 10999 10969Vehicle registrationB The borough is known for its large percentage of immigrants and descendants of immigrants many of whom are of Turkish ancestry As of 2006 31 6 of Kreuzberg s inhabitants did not have German citizenship 6 Kreuzberg is noted for its diverse cultural life and experimental alternative lifestyles 7 and is an attractive area for many however some parts of the district are still characterized by higher levels of unemployment Contents 1 Geography 1 1 Layout 1 2 Subdivision 2 History 3 Culture 4 Kreuzberg in popular culture 5 Places and buildings of interest 6 People 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksGeography editLayout edit Kreuzberg is bounded by the river Spree in the east The Landwehrkanal flows through Kreuzberg from east to west with the Paul Lincke Ufer street running alongside it Other characteristics are the old U Bahn line of the present day U1 Gorlitzer Park in the SO36 district and Viktoriapark on the slope of Kreuzberg hill in SW 61 Subdivision edit Kreuzberg is divided into 2 zones Ortslagen Ostliches Kreuzberg Berlin SO 36 Westliches Kreuzberg Kreuzberg 61 History editIn contrast to many other areas of Berlin which were villages before their integration into Berlin Kreuzberg has a rather short history 8 It was formed on 1 October 1920 by the Greater Berlin Act which provided for the incorporation of suburbs and the reorganisation of Berlin into twenty boroughs The eastern Friedrichsvorstadt the southern Friedrichstadt the western and southern Luisenstadt and the Tempelhofer Vorstadt were merged into the new sixth borough of Berlin first named Hallesches Tor On 27 September 1921 the borough assembly of Hallesches Tor decided to rename the borough after the homonymous hill 9 Kreuzberg literally meaning cross hill is the point of the highest elevation in the Kreuzberg locality which is 66 m 217 ft above sea level 10 The hill is traditionally a place for weekend trips It received its name from the 1821 Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars by Karl Friedrich Schinkel within the Viktoriapark built in commemoration of the Napoleonic Wars Except for its northernmost part the quarter Friedrichstadt established at the end of the 17th century today s Kreuzberg was a very rural place until well into the 19th century This changed when in the 1860s industrialization caused Berlin to grow rapidly This called for extensive housing much of which was built exploiting the dire needs of the poor with widespread land speculation Many of Kreuzberg s buildings originate from that time 11 They were built on the streets laid out in the Hobrecht Plan in an area that came to be known architecturally as the Wilhelmine Ring Far into the 20th century Kreuzberg was the most populous of Berlin s boroughs even in absolute numbers with more than 400 000 people although it was and still is geographically the smallest As a result with more than 60 000 people per square kilometer 160 000 people sq mi Kreuzberg had the highest population density in Berlin Kreuzberg became a district of migration during the late 19th century when Berlin began growing rapidly as an economic and cultural hub Before World War II it was home to a diverse population with a large portion of the population being Ashkenazi Jews Central to Kreuzberg Jewish life was the Fraenkelufer Synagogue with a capacity of 2 000 This synagogue was destroyed during Kristallnacht as were numerous Jewish businesses and property The vast majority of Kreuzberg s Jews were deported to their deaths between 1942 and 1944 by the Nazis during The Holocaust and their houses and businesses were seized and given to ethnic Germans The Jewish Museum Berlin stands in Kreuzberg and many Stolpersteine can be seen on Kreuzberg streets commemorating the murdered Jews who lived in the area nbsp Saarlandstrasse today s Stresemannstrasse looking towards Askanischer Platz with the ruin of Anhalt Station and the tower stump of the Protestant Saint Luke s Church after the air raids during World War II In addition to housing Kreuzberg was also an industrial center of Berlin The export quarter along Ritter Street consisted of many profitable small businesses and the press quarter along Koch Street Friedrichstadt was the home of most of Germany s large newspapers as well as the Ullstein Scherl and Mosse book publishers 10 Both industrial quarters were almost entirely destroyed by air raids during World War II with the American bombing by over a thousand aircraft on 3 February 1945 In remembrance of the old tradition the Axel Springer press company erected its German headquarters at Kochstrasse again right next to the Berlin Wall nbsp Oranienplatz on Labour Day nbsp Kottbusser Tor Berlin U Bahn station nbsp A street in Kreuzberg In July 1945 most of the then district was assigned to the American Sector After the Berlin Wall was built the most important transit location to East Berlin was Checkpoint Charlie After World War II Kreuzberg s housing rents were regulated by law which made investments unattractive As a result housing was of low quality but cheap which made the borough greatly attractive to immigrants 12 Starting in the late 1960s increasing numbers of students artists and immigrants began moving to Kreuzberg Enclosed by the Berlin Wall on three sides the area became famous for its alternative lifestyle and its squatters especially the SO36 part of Kreuzberg 13 Starting in 1987 there have been violent riots in SO36 on Labour day After the fall of the Berlin Wall Kreuzberg suddenly found itself in the middle of the city again The initially cheap rents and the high concentration of 19th century housing made some parts of the borough more attractive as a residential area for a much wider and richer variety of people Today Kreuzberg has one of the youngest populations of all European city boroughs statistically its population has been completely swapped twice in the last two decades Berlin s 2001 administrative reform combined Kreuzberg with Friedrichshain to form the new borough of Friedrichshain Kreuzberg Since the two areas are linked only by a single bridge over the Spree River the Oberbaumbrucke this combination seemed awkward to many residents citation needed The two areas not being able to agree on a common location for the future borough s city hall the present location in Friedrichshain was decided by flipping a five Mark coin Culture editKreuzberg has historically been home to Berlin s punk rock movement as well as other alternative subcultures in Germany 14 The SO36 club remains a fixture on the Berlin music scene It was originally focused on punk music and in the 1970s was often frequented by Iggy Pop and David Bowie In those days the club rivalled New York s CBGB as one of the finest new wave venues in the world 15 There has also been a significant influence stemming from African American and hip hop culture on Kreuzberg s youth and the area has become a centre for rap and breakdance within Berlin Though the majority of Kreuzberg s residents are of German or Turkish descent some identify more with African American or other cultures 16 Hip hop was largely introduced to the youth of Kreuzberg by the children of American servicemen who were stationed nearby until the reunification of Germany 17 The art collective Berlin Kidz who are known for their pichacao influenced graffiti parkour and train surfing are from the Kreuzberg area 18 The Carnival of Cultures a large annual festival celebrates different cultures and heritages with colourful street parades and festivities including street entertainment food arts and craft stalls music and art 19 Kreuzberg has long been the epicenter of LGBTQ life and arts in Berlin Kreuzberg is home to the Schwules Museum established in the 1980s and dedicated to preserving exhibiting and discovering queer history art and culture Kreuzberg in popular culture edit nbsp Kottbusser Tor at night German musician and DJ Robin Schulz s musical composition Prayer in C an adaptation of a prior song of the same name by Lilly Wood amp the Prick had most of the music video filmed in Friedrichshain Kreuzberg Turkish German filmmaker Neco Celik who portrays the American influence over the youth culture in Kreuzberg in his first film Alltag notes that Kreuzberg is a kind of biotope where different nationalities live but the environment determines their lives not their nationalities German musician Sven Regener s first novel Berlin Blues and third novel Der Kleine Bruder de are set in the district of Kreuzberg Kreuzberg is a song by English indie rock band Bloc Party on the album A Weekend in the City which also mentions the East Side Gallery American musician Stephen Malkmus mentions taking a locomotive to Kreuzberg in his song Black Book Kreuzberg s bohemian way of life is reflected in the song Find the Time by English singer songwriter Sam Duckworth s band Get Cape Wear Cape Fly on the album Searching for the Hows and Whys Kreuzberg based Turkish German rapper Killa Hakan mentions Kreuzberg in most of his songs most notably in his 2007 single Kreuzberg City The acclaimed documentary Pool of Princesses Prinzessinnenbad by Bettina Blumner de focuses on the lives of three young girls from Kreuzberg Canadian musician Shotgun Jimmie s 2011 album Transistor Sister contains a song titled The King of Kreuzberg wherein he sings about taking the train to Kreuzberg and jump ing right into it English post punk band Killing Joke have a song on their first album titled SO 36 Phoenix folk punk band Andrew Jackson Jihad make a reference to Kreuzberg in the song Kokopelli Face Tattoo with the lyric Kreuz is German for Williams Vocalist Sean Bonnette claims this pokes fun at the young hipness of Kreuzberg in that it is similar to a German version of Williamsburg Brooklyn Kreuzberg appears in Shadowrun Returns s Dragonfall expansion as Kreuzbasar a small self sufficient walled community in the anarchic F State of Berlin In the novel No Man s Land by Michael Califra Hadrian 2015 the story s narrator an American expatriate named Richard lives in the Kreuzberg district of West Berlin in the months prior to the fall of the Wall Kreuzberg based Turkish German rapper Massaka mentions Kreuzberg as a ghetto in his songs Detroit based restaurant Supergeil located in that city s Corktown neighborhood has a menu heavily influenced by the fusion of German and Turkish cuisine and has a number of Kreuzberg themed dishes and drinks In the third season s finale of the TV series The Americans Elizabeth and Paige Jennings travel to Kreuzberg to meet Elizabeth s mother Places and buildings of interest edit nbsp Rio Reiser Platz former Heinrichplatz in Kreuzberg nbsp Waterside of the Landwehrkanal in Kreuzberg nbsp Bridges over the Landwehrkanal in Kreuzberg nbsp Berlin U Bahn station Gorlitzer Bahnhof nbsp Wrangelstrasse with Tabor Church Anhalter Bahnhof station Bockler Park Checkpoint Charlie Checkpoint Charlie Museum Engelbecken Peter Fechter Memorial one of the first fatalities of the Berlin Wall Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development Germany Friedrichstrasse German Museum of Technology Berlin Gleisdreieck Berlin U Bahn Gorlitzer Bahnhof station Hermannplatz Berlin U Bahn Hotel Excelsior Jerusalem Church Jewish Museum Berlin Kochstrasse Berlin U Bahn Kottbusser Tor Berlin U Bahn Kreuzberg Tempelhofer Berge Landwehr Canal Luisenstadt Canal Martin Gropius Bau Mehringdamm Berlin U Bahn Mehringplatz Moritzplatz Berlin U Bahn National Monument for the Liberation Wars Niederkirchnerstrasse Oberbaumbrucke bridge over the Spree Platz der Luftbrucke Berlin U Bahn Prinzenstrasse Berlin U Bahn Saint Thomas Church Berlin Schlesisches Tor Berlin U Bahn Schonleinstrasse Berlin U Bahn SO36 quarter Tabor Church Topography of Terror U1 Berlin Underground line Viktoriapark WilhelmstrassePeople editArthur Arndt 1893 1974 a decorated physician of World War I who was the father and father in law of the largest known group of Jews to survive hiding in Germany during The Holocaust 20 Peter Frankenfeld 1913 1979 German comedian radio and television personality Gabor Steingart born 1962 German journalist Benno Furmann born 1972 German actorSee also editBerlin Friedrichshain Kreuzberg Prenzlauer Berg East electoral constituency References edit Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31 Dezember 2020 PDF Amt fur Statistik Berlin Brandenburg February 2021 Wosnitza Regine 13 April 2003 Berlin on its wild site Time Archived from the original on 23 October 2012 Retrieved 21 March 2008 Kreuzberg Archived from the original on 6 February 2008 Berlin s culture club CNN 30 June 2007 Kreuzbergs Retter Textarchiv Berliner Zeitung Archiv Archived from the original on 3 May 2009 Verband Berlin Brandenburgischer Wohnungsunternehmen e V Web1 bbu de Archived from the original on 10 February 2012 Retrieved 20 January 2012 Friedrichshain Kreuzberg www visitberlin de Retrieved 27 November 2019 Eva Brucker Hasso Spode et al Kreuzberg Geschichtslandschaft Berlin V Berlin Nicolai 1994 1 Klaus Dieter Wille Spaziergange in Kreuzberg Berlin Haude amp Spener 1986 Berliner Kaleidoskop Schriften zur Berliner Kunst und Kulturgeschichte vol 32 p 21 ISBN 3 7759 0287 2 a b Muz online de Archived 2 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine retrieved on 21 March 2008 Visitberlin de Archived 3 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine retrieved on 21 March 2008 Time com Regine Wosnitza Berlin on its wild site 13 April 2003 retrieved on 21 March 2008 Spiegel de retrieved on 21 March 2008 see Brucker Spode op cit Sontheimer Michael 8 December 2016 Berliner Punk Zentrum SO36 Bier Schweiss Larm und Freiheit Spiegel Online Retrieved 27 November 2019 Home SO36 Brown Timothy S Keeping it Real in a Different Hood African Americanization and Hip hop in Germany In The Vinyl Ain t Final Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture ed by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J Lemelle 137 50 London A The Saturday Profile A Bold New View of Turkish German Youth New York Times Biography Berlin Kidz urban nation com Retrieved 22 January 2024 Karneval der Kulturen Karneval berlin de Retrieved 20 January 2012 Lovenheim Barbara 2016 Survival in the shadows seven Jews hidden in Hitler s Berlin New York Open Road Integrated Media p 9 ISBN 978 1 5040 3998 7 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kreuzberg friedrichshain kreuzberg de the website of the combined borough in German Carnival of Cultures in English Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kreuzberg amp oldid 1220348844, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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