In the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period, Bereźne bore the distinction of being one of the two cities in Poland with the most Jewish inhabitants in the country. Some 94.6 percent of Bereźne overall population of 2,494 inhabitants (or 2,360 persons), were Jewish. The second largest Jewish presence in Poland, amounting to 94.4 percent of the town's population, was in Luboml.[5]
Berezne parkBerezne Forestry College
World War IIedit
Bereźne was overrun by the Soviets in 1939. In 1941 the German Wehrmacht entered the town as part of Operation Barbarossa. Immediately almost all Jewish homes were set on fire and the Jews were left with virtually no possessions. The Jews of Berezne, who then numbered approximately 3,000, were forced to live in three buildings surrounded by walls. This small area became known as the local ghetto. In the following year the Ukrainian Hilfsverwaltung together with the Germans, used Jews for slave labor, and hardly any food was supplied for them. The Jews forced to work in the forest were frequently tortured. Those who escaped related accounts of the slave labor and beatings. In August 1942 a detachment of SD entered the town. Immediately the Jews received even more severe beatings. Three days later all Jews that could be found were taken from the ghetto into the woods, where they were forced to dig a large pit. They were shot and buried at the same location. Many of the Jews that escaped into the woods were caught and delivered to the Germans by the local Ukrainians, who aided the SS in the process of "ethnic cleansing" known as the Holocaust by bullets.[6]
In 1943, during the Volhynian Genocide, 96 ethnic Poles of Berezne were murdered by Ukrainian nationalists of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. The first attack on the town took place in June 1943. Other attacks occurred in the second half of that year, and as a result Polish survivors fled to larger towns, such as Rowne. In June 1945 the remaining Poles were forced to leave Berezne in accordance with the Allied treaties.
After the breakup of the Soviet Union, culminating with Ukrainian independence, Berézne became the administrative centre of the Berezne Raion of western Ukraine.
The Holocaust survivorsedit
Only a few hundred of the Jews of Berezne survived the Holocaust. Most of them escaped from the forest camp to the village of Mazorisz (Mazorish) where the Polish villagers that gave them food and shelter in return for firewood used for heating. Some left the area together with the Communists, before the Nazis entered. For many years there stood a monument memorializing the over 3,000 men, women, and children who were slaughtered by the Nazis and local Ukrainian collaborators, at the site of their mass grave. Corresponding to common Soviet practice, the Soviet authorities refused to mention on the monument that the 3,680 murdered victims were Jews, instead describing them as "citizens of the Soviet Union".[6]
Referencesedit
^Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
^. Wolyn.Republika.pl. The town of Berezne (other names: Bereźno, Berezno, Bereźne), formerly Jędrzejów on the River Słucz in the old Rovno County (Powiat Rówieński) of the VolhynianGubernia, after administrative changes in the Polish Second Republic in 1922, was assigned to Powiat Kostopol as seat of the Kostopol County. Archived from the original on 2018-01-29 – via Internet Archive, 2018-01-29.
^ [History of Berezne]. www.berezne.org (in Ukrainian). 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-04-07. Retrieved 2021-05-27 – via Internet Archive, 2009-04-07.
^Gawryszewski, A. (2005). "VIII. Język. Narodowość. Wyznanie". [Ludność Polski w XX wieku] (PDF). Monographs (Monografie): 5. Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization IGiPZ PAN. Page 44 / 80 in current document (or 282 in print). ISSN 1643-2312. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-22 – via Internet Archive. Najwyższy udział ludności wyznania mojżeszowego charakteryzował dwa miasta na Wołyniu: Luboml (94,4%) liczący 3328 mieszkańców, w tym 3141 Żydów, i Bereźne (94,6%) z 2494 mieszkańcami, w tym 2360 wyznania mojżeszowego.
^ abVirtual Shtetl. "History of the Jewish community of Bereźne" [Historia. Społeczność żydowska]. Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich. Archived from the original on 2012-12-21 – via Archive.is 2012-12-21.
Further readingedit
Weiner, Miriam; Ukrainian State Archives (in cooperation with); Moldovan National Archives (in cooperation with) (1999). "Chapter 11: Town Clips: Berezno". Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories(PDF). Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. p. 404. ISBN978-0-96-565081-6. OCLC 607423469.
berezne, ukrainian, Березне, city, rivne, oblast, ukraine, located, sluch, river, north, rivne, administrative, center, raion, until, merged, with, rivne, raion, 2020, population, 2022, estimate, Березнеorthodox, church, coat, armsshow, ukraineshow, rivne, obl. Berezne Ukrainian Berezne is a city in Rivne Oblast Ukraine It is located on the Sluch River north of Rivne It was the administrative center of Berezne Raion until it was merged with Rivne Raion in 2020 Population 13 126 2022 estimate 1 Berezne BerezneOrthodox church in BerezneCoat of armsBerezneShow map of UkraineBerezneShow map of Rivne OblastCoordinates 50 59 48 N 26 44 22 E 50 99667 N 26 73944 E 50 99667 26 73944Country UkraineOblastRivne OblastRaionRivne RaionHromadaBerezne urban hromadaFirst mentioned1445Magdeburg law1584Population 2022 Total13 126 Contents 1 Overview 1 1 Interwar period 2 World War II 2 1 The Holocaust survivors 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksOverview editBerezne historically known also as Berezno as well as Polish Jedrzejow and Ukrainian Andriyiv 2 3 was established in 1446 within the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth Since the Union of Lublin the town was part of the Kingdom of Poland where it remained until the Partitions of Poland by Austria Prussia and Russia The town was overrun by Khmelnytsky in the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648 and experienced bloody pogroms which took many innocent lives Annexed by the Russian Empire in 1793 Berezne was ceded to Poland in 1919 21 during the Peace of Riga In the Second Polish Republic there was a garrison of the Border Protection Corps Berezne Battalion in the town Until the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 Berezne belonged the Wolyn Voivodeship s County of Kostopol According to the Polish census of 1931 the whole county had a population of 159 600 inhabitants including 102 609 Ukrainians overwhelmingly in villages at 100 651 34 450 Poles 32 189 in villages and 10 786 Jews along with significant numbers of Germans Czechs and Ruthenians 4 Interwar period edit In the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period Berezne bore the distinction of being one of the two cities in Poland with the most Jewish inhabitants in the country Some 94 6 percent of Berezne overall population of 2 494 inhabitants or 2 360 persons were Jewish The second largest Jewish presence in Poland amounting to 94 4 percent of the town s population was in Luboml 5 nbsp Berezne park nbsp Berezne Forestry CollegeWorld War II editBerezne was overrun by the Soviets in 1939 In 1941 the German Wehrmacht entered the town as part of Operation Barbarossa Immediately almost all Jewish homes were set on fire and the Jews were left with virtually no possessions The Jews of Berezne who then numbered approximately 3 000 were forced to live in three buildings surrounded by walls This small area became known as the local ghetto In the following year the Ukrainian Hilfsverwaltung together with the Germans used Jews for slave labor and hardly any food was supplied for them The Jews forced to work in the forest were frequently tortured Those who escaped related accounts of the slave labor and beatings In August 1942 a detachment of SD entered the town Immediately the Jews received even more severe beatings Three days later all Jews that could be found were taken from the ghetto into the woods where they were forced to dig a large pit They were shot and buried at the same location Many of the Jews that escaped into the woods were caught and delivered to the Germans by the local Ukrainians who aided the SS in the process of ethnic cleansing known as the Holocaust by bullets 6 In 1943 during the Volhynian Genocide 96 ethnic Poles of Berezne were murdered by Ukrainian nationalists of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army The first attack on the town took place in June 1943 Other attacks occurred in the second half of that year and as a result Polish survivors fled to larger towns such as Rowne In June 1945 the remaining Poles were forced to leave Berezne in accordance with the Allied treaties After the breakup of the Soviet Union culminating with Ukrainian independence Berezne became the administrative centre of the Berezne Raion of western Ukraine The Holocaust survivors edit Only a few hundred of the Jews of Berezne survived the Holocaust Most of them escaped from the forest camp to the village of Mazorisz Mazorish where the Polish villagers that gave them food and shelter in return for firewood used for heating Some left the area together with the Communists before the Nazis entered For many years there stood a monument memorializing the over 3 000 men women and children who were slaughtered by the Nazis and local Ukrainian collaborators at the site of their mass grave Corresponding to common Soviet practice the Soviet authorities refused to mention on the monument that the 3 680 murdered victims were Jews instead describing them as citizens of the Soviet Union 6 References edit Chiselnist nayavnogo naselennya Ukrayini na 1 sichnya 2022 Number of Present Population of Ukraine as of January 1 2022 PDF in Ukrainian and English Kyiv State Statistics Service of Ukraine Archived PDF from the original on 4 July 2022 BEREZNE gmina Berezne powiat Kostopol woj wolynskie Wolyn Republika pl The town of Berezne other names Berezno Berezno Berezne formerly Jedrzejow on the River Slucz in the old Rovno County Powiat Rowienski of the Volhynian Gubernia after administrative changes in the Polish Second Republic in 1922 was assigned to Powiat Kostopol as seat of the Kostopol County Archived from the original on 2018 01 29 via Internet Archive 2018 01 29 Istoriya mista Berezne History of Berezne www berezne org in Ukrainian 2008 Archived from the original on 2009 04 07 Retrieved 2021 05 27 via Internet Archive 2009 04 07 GUS 1938 Population of Powiat Kostopol per religion gender and language PDF Polish National Census of 1931 for the Volynian Voivodeship Page 56 361 in current document or 26 in print via Wikimedia Commons Gawryszewski A 2005 VIII Jezyk Narodowosc Wyznanie People of Poland in the 20th Century Ludnosc Polski w XX wieku PDF Monographs Monografie 5 Warsaw Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization IGiPZ PAN Page 44 80 in current document or 282 in print ISSN 1643 2312 Archived from the original PDF on 2009 11 22 via Internet Archive Najwyzszy udzial ludnosci wyznania mojzeszowego charakteryzowal dwa miasta na Wolyniu Luboml 94 4 liczacy 3328 mieszkancow w tym 3141 Zydow i Berezne 94 6 z 2494 mieszkancami w tym 2360 wyznania mojzeszowego a b Virtual Shtetl History of the Jewish community of Berezne Historia Spolecznosc zydowska Muzeum Historii Zydow Polskich Archived from the original on 2012 12 21 via Archive is 2012 12 21 Further reading editWeiner Miriam Ukrainian State Archives in cooperation with Moldovan National Archives in cooperation with 1999 Chapter 11 Town Clips Berezno Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories PDF Secaucus NJ Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation p 404 ISBN 978 0 96 565081 6 OCLC 607423469 External links editBerezne Ukraine at JewishGen Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Berezne amp oldid 1221477308, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
