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Benoni Defense

August 25, 2023

The Benoni Defense is a chess opening characterized by an early reply of ...c5 against White's opening move 1.d4. Most commonly, it is reached by the sequence:

Benoni Defense
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Moves1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5
ECOA43–A44
A56–A79
OriginBen-Oni oder die Vertheidigungen gegen die Gambitzüge im Schache by Aaron Reinganum (1825)
Named afterHebrew: "son of sorrow"
ParentIndian Defense
1. d4 Nf6
2. c4 c5
3. d5

Black can then offer a pawn sacrifice with 3...b5 (the Benko Gambit), otherwise 3...e6 is the most common move. (3...d6 or 3...g6 are also seen, typically transposing to main lines.)

The Old Benoni Defense is characterized by

1. d4 c5

This gives Black other options such as an early ...f5, but has the drawback that White is no longer committed to playing c4 after the response 2.d5.

This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

Etymology

Benoni (or "Ben-Oni") בֶּן־אוֹנִי is an ancient Hebrew name, still occasionally used, meaning "son of my sorrow". It is a reference to the Biblical account of the dying Rachel giving birth to Benjamin, whom she named Ben-Oni.(Genesis 35:18)

In 1825 Aaron Reinganum, a prominent member of the Frankfurt Jewish community, published a book entitled Ben-Oni oder die Vertheidigungen gegen die Gambitzüge im Schache in which he analyzed several defenses to the King's Gambit and the Queen's Gambit, as well as the then unknown opening 1.d4 c5. Reinganum, who studied chess to alleviate his depression, conceived the name "Ben-Oni" as a nickname for his writings rather than the name of an opening.[1]

In the 1843 Staunton–Saint Amant match, Saint Amant met 1.d4 with 1...c5 in the second and fourth games. Saint Amant wrote in Le Palamède (1843): "This opening is not favorable to Black. Bennoni [sic] gives some examples; but it loses time to White, which deprives Black of all the advantages of a good opening."[2] Staunton wrote in The Chess-Player's Companion (1849): "M. St. Amant derived this somewhat bizarre defense from Benoni. (Benoni, oder Vertheidigungen die Gambitzüge im Schache, &c. Von Aaron Reinganum, Frankfort, 1825.)"[3] Staunton also mentions "Ben-Oni" while commenting on the move 1...c5 in The Chess-player's Handbook (1847, page 382).

Subsequently, the name "Benoni" came to be associated with the opening 1.d4 c5, and later with 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 and other openings in which Black counters d2–d4 with an early ....c7–c5, without first having played ...d7–d5.

Old Benoni: 1.d4 c5

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Old Benoni Defense

The Old Benoni Defense starts with 1.d4 c5. White usually replies 2.d5 in order to gain space, as 2.dxc5 e6 leads to no advantage, and 2.e4 transposes to the Morra Gambit, also promising equality at best. The Old Benoni may transpose to the Czech Benoni, but there are a few independent variations. This form has never attracted serious interest in high-level play, though Alexander Alekhine defeated Efim Bogoljubow with it in one game of their second match, in 1934. The Old Benoni is sometimes called the Blackburne Defense after Englishman Joseph Henry Blackburne, the first player known to have used it successfully.[4]

Czech Benoni: 3...e5

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Czech Benoni

In the Czech Benoni, also known as the Hromadka Benoni, after Karel Hromádka, Black plays 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e5. The Czech Benoni is more solid than the Modern Benoni, but also more passive. The middlegames arising from this line are characterized by much maneuvering; in most lines, Black will look to break with ...b7–b5 or ...f7–f5 after due preparation, while White may play Nc3, e4, h3, Bd3, Nf3, and g4, in order to gain space on the kingside and prevent ...f5.[5] Grandmaster Ben Finegold often plays this line; he notably beat Mamedyarov in this variation.[6]

Benko Gambit: 3...b5

Main article: Benko Gambit

The Benko begins 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5.

Modern Benoni: 3...e6

Main article: Modern Benoni
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Modern Benoni

The Modern Benoni, 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6, is the second most common form of Benoni after the Benko Gambit. Black's intention is to play ...exd5 and create a queenside pawn majority, whose advance will be supported by a fianchettoed bishop on g7. The combination of these two features differentiates Black's setup from the other Benoni defenses and the King's Indian Defense, although transpositions between these openings are common. The Modern Benoni is classified under the ECO codes A60–A79.

Blumenfeld Countergambit: 3...e6 4.Nf3 b5

Main article: Blumenfeld Countergambit

The Blumenfeld is a variant of the Modern Benoni beginning 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nf3 b5.

Snake Benoni: 3...e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 Bd6

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Snake Benoni

The Snake Benoni is a variant of the Modern Benoni where the bishop is developed to d6 rather than g7. This opening was invented in 1982 by Rolf Olav Martens, who gave it its name because of the sinuous movement of the bishop—in Martens's original concept, Black follows up with 6...Bc7 and sometimes ...Ba5—and because the Swedish word for "snake", orm, was an anagram of his initials.[7] Normunds Miezis has been a regular exponent of this variation.[8] Aside from Martens's plan, 6...0-0 intending ...Re8, ...Bf8 and a potential redeployment of the bishop to g7, has also been tried.[8] White appears to retain the advantage against both setups.[9]

ECO

The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings has many codes for the Benoni Defense.

Old Benoni Defense:

  • A43 1.d4 c5
  • A44 1.d4 c5 2.d5 e5

Benoni Defense:

  • A56 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 (includes Czech Benoni)
  • A57–A59 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 b5 (Benko Gambit)
  • A60 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6
  • A61 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.Nf3 g6

Fianchetto Variation:

  • A62 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.Nf3 g6 7.g3 Bg7 8.Bg2 0-0
  • A63 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.Nf3 g6 7.g3 Bg7 8.Bg2 0-0 9.0-0 Nbd7
  • A64 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.Nf3 g6 7.g3 Bg7 8.Bg2 0-0 9.0-0 Nbd7 10.Nd2 a6 11.a4 Re8

Modern Benoni:

  • A65 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4
  • A66 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.f4

Taimanov Variation:

  • A67 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.f4 Bg7 8.Bb5+

Four Pawns Attack:

  • A68 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.f4 Bg7 8.Nf3 0-0
  • A69 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.f4 Bg7 8.Nf3 0-0 9.Be2 Re8

Classical Benoni:

  • A70 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3
  • A71 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3 Bg7 8.Bg5
  • A72 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3 Bg7 8.Be2 0-0
  • A73 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3 Bg7 8.Be2 0-0 9.0-0
  • A74 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3 Bg7 8.Be2 0-0 9.0-0 a6
  • A75 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3 Bg7 8.Be2 0-0 9.0-0 a6 10.a4 Bg4
  • A76 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3 Bg7 8.Be2 0-0 9.0-0 Re8
  • A77 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3 Bg7 8.Be2 0-0 9.0-0 Re8 10.Nd2
  • A78 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3 Bg7 8.Be2 0-0 9.0-0 Re8 10.Nd2 Na6
  • A79 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6 6.e4 g6 7.Nf3 Bg7 8.Be2 0-0 9.0-0 Re8 10.Nd2 Na6 11.f3

See also

References

  1. ^ "Whenever I felt in a sorrowful mood and wanted to take refuge from melancholy, I sat over a chessboard, for one or two hours according to circumstances. Thus this book came into being, and its name, Ben-Oni, 'Son of Sadness,' should indicate its origin." (Reinganum, Aaron; Hoeck, Johann Daniel Albrecht [1825]: Ben-Oni oder die Vertheidigungen gegen die Gambitzüge im Schache [Son of sorrow or Defenses against Gambits in Chess]. Frankfurt am Main [Germany]: Hermann.
  2. ^ Saint Amant, Le Palamède, 1843, p.552
  3. ^ Nick Pope, 1843 Staunton-Saint Amant Paris Match, Chess Archaeology
  4. ^ "Preston Ware vs. Joseph Henry Blackburne, 1882". Chessgames.com.
  5. ^ http://www.chesscafe.com/shop/1166_excerpt.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  6. ^ "Shakhriyar Mamedyarov vs. Benjamin Finegold, 2017 (rapid)". Chessgames.com.
  7. ^ Hall 1999, p. 225.
  8. ^ a b Bronznik 2011, p. 210.
  9. ^ Bronznik 2011, p. 222.

Bibliography

  • Bronznik, Valeri (2011). 1.d4 - Beat the Guerrillas!. Alkmaar: New In Chess. ISBN 978-90-5691-373-1.
  • Hall, Jesper (August 1999). "Seek, and thou shalt find!". In Giddins, Steve (ed.). New In Chess–The First 25 Years. Alkmaar: New In Chess (published 2009). ISBN 978-90-5691-296-3.

Further reading

 
The Wikibook Chess Opening Theory has a page on the topic of: Benoni Defense

August 25, 2023
benoni, defense, chess, opening, characterized, early, reply, against, white, opening, move, most, commonly, reached, sequence, abcdefgh8877665544332211abcdefghmoves1, d5ecoa43, a79originben, oder, vertheidigungen, gegen, gambitzüge, schache, aaron, reinganum,. The Benoni Defense is a chess opening characterized by an early reply of c5 against White s opening move 1 d4 Most commonly it is reached by the sequence Benoni Defenseabcdefgh8877665544332211abcdefghMoves1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5ECOA43 A44 A56 A79OriginBen Oni oder die Vertheidigungen gegen die Gambitzuge im Schache by Aaron Reinganum 1825 Named afterHebrew son of sorrow ParentIndian Defense 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5Black can then offer a pawn sacrifice with 3 b5 the Benko Gambit otherwise 3 e6 is the most common move 3 d6 or 3 g6 are also seen typically transposing to main lines The Old Benoni Defense is characterized by 1 d4 c5This gives Black other options such as an early f5 but has the drawback that White is no longer committed to playing c4 after the response 2 d5 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Old Benoni 1 d4 c5 3 Czech Benoni 3 e5 4 Benko Gambit 3 b5 5 Modern Benoni 3 e6 5 1 Blumenfeld Countergambit 3 e6 4 Nf3 b5 5 2 Snake Benoni 3 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 Bd6 6 ECO 7 See also 8 References 9 Further readingThis article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves Etymology EditBenoni or Ben Oni ב ן או נ י is an ancient Hebrew name still occasionally used meaning son of my sorrow It is a reference to the Biblical account of the dying Rachel giving birth to Benjamin whom she named Ben Oni Genesis 35 18 In 1825 Aaron Reinganum a prominent member of the Frankfurt Jewish community published a book entitled Ben Oni oder die Vertheidigungen gegen die Gambitzuge im Schache in which he analyzed several defenses to the King s Gambit and the Queen s Gambit as well as the then unknown opening 1 d4 c5 Reinganum who studied chess to alleviate his depression conceived the name Ben Oni as a nickname for his writings rather than the name of an opening 1 In the 1843 Staunton Saint Amant match Saint Amant met 1 d4 with 1 c5 in the second and fourth games Saint Amant wrote in Le Palamede 1843 This opening is not favorable to Black Bennoni sic gives some examples but it loses time to White which deprives Black of all the advantages of a good opening 2 Staunton wrote in The Chess Player s Companion 1849 M St Amant derived this somewhat bizarre defense from Benoni Benoni oder Vertheidigungen die Gambitzuge im Schache amp c Von Aaron Reinganum Frankfort 1825 3 Staunton also mentions Ben Oni while commenting on the move 1 c5 in The Chess player s Handbook 1847 page 382 Subsequently the name Benoni came to be associated with the opening 1 d4 c5 and later with 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 and other openings in which Black counters d2 d4 with an early c7 c5 without first having played d7 d5 Old Benoni 1 d4 c5 Editabcdefgh8 877665544332211abcdefghOld Benoni Defense The Old Benoni Defense starts with 1 d4 c5 White usually replies 2 d5 in order to gain space as 2 dxc5 e6 leads to no advantage and 2 e4 transposes to the Morra Gambit also promising equality at best The Old Benoni may transpose to the Czech Benoni but there are a few independent variations This form has never attracted serious interest in high level play though Alexander Alekhine defeated Efim Bogoljubow with it in one game of their second match in 1934 The Old Benoni is sometimes called the Blackburne Defense after Englishman Joseph Henry Blackburne the first player known to have used it successfully 4 Czech Benoni 3 e5 Editabcdefgh8 877665544332211abcdefghCzech Benoni In the Czech Benoni also known as the Hromadka Benoni after Karel Hromadka Black plays 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e5 The Czech Benoni is more solid than the Modern Benoni but also more passive The middlegames arising from this line are characterized by much maneuvering in most lines Black will look to break with b7 b5 or f7 f5 after due preparation while White may play Nc3 e4 h3 Bd3 Nf3 and g4 in order to gain space on the kingside and prevent f5 5 Grandmaster Ben Finegold often plays this line he notably beat Mamedyarov in this variation 6 Benko Gambit 3 b5 EditMain article Benko Gambit The Benko begins 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 b5 Modern Benoni 3 e6 EditMain article Modern Benoni abcdefgh8 877665544332211abcdefghModern Benoni The Modern Benoni 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 is the second most common form of Benoni after the Benko Gambit Black s intention is to play exd5 and create a queenside pawn majority whose advance will be supported by a fianchettoed bishop on g7 The combination of these two features differentiates Black s setup from the other Benoni defenses and the King s Indian Defense although transpositions between these openings are common The Modern Benoni is classified under the ECO codes A60 A79 Blumenfeld Countergambit 3 e6 4 Nf3 b5 Edit Main article Blumenfeld Countergambit The Blumenfeld is a variant of the Modern Benoni beginning 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nf3 b5 Snake Benoni 3 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 Bd6 Edit abcdefgh8 877665544332211abcdefghSnake Benoni The Snake Benoni is a variant of the Modern Benoni where the bishop is developed to d6 rather than g7 This opening was invented in 1982 by Rolf Olav Martens who gave it its name because of the sinuous movement of the bishop in Martens s original concept Black follows up with 6 Bc7 and sometimes Ba5 and because the Swedish word for snake orm was an anagram of his initials 7 Normunds Miezis has been a regular exponent of this variation 8 Aside from Martens s plan 6 0 0 intending Re8 Bf8 and a potential redeployment of the bishop to g7 has also been tried 8 White appears to retain the advantage against both setups 9 ECO EditThe Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings has many codes for the Benoni Defense Old Benoni Defense A43 1 d4 c5 A44 1 d4 c5 2 d5 e5Benoni Defense A56 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 includes Czech Benoni A57 A59 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 b5 Benko Gambit A60 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 A61 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 Nf3 g6Fianchetto Variation A62 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 Nf3 g6 7 g3 Bg7 8 Bg2 0 0 A63 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 Nf3 g6 7 g3 Bg7 8 Bg2 0 0 9 0 0 Nbd7 A64 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 Nf3 g6 7 g3 Bg7 8 Bg2 0 0 9 0 0 Nbd7 10 Nd2 a6 11 a4 Re8Modern Benoni A65 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 A66 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 f4Taimanov Variation A67 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 f4 Bg7 8 Bb5 Four Pawns Attack A68 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 f4 Bg7 8 Nf3 0 0 A69 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 f4 Bg7 8 Nf3 0 0 9 Be2 Re8Classical Benoni A70 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 A71 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 Bg7 8 Bg5 A72 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 Bg7 8 Be2 0 0 A73 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 Bg7 8 Be2 0 0 9 0 0 A74 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 Bg7 8 Be2 0 0 9 0 0 a6 A75 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 Bg7 8 Be2 0 0 9 0 0 a6 10 a4 Bg4 A76 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 Bg7 8 Be2 0 0 9 0 0 Re8 A77 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 Bg7 8 Be2 0 0 9 0 0 Re8 10 Nd2 A78 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 Bg7 8 Be2 0 0 9 0 0 Re8 10 Nd2 Na6 A79 1 d4 Nf6 2 c4 c5 3 d5 e6 4 Nc3 exd5 5 cxd5 d6 6 e4 g6 7 Nf3 Bg7 8 Be2 0 0 9 0 0 Re8 10 Nd2 Na6 11 f3See also EditFranco Benoni Defense 1 e4 e6 2 d4 c5 References Edit Whenever I felt in a sorrowful mood and wanted to take refuge from melancholy I sat over a chessboard for one or two hours according to circumstances Thus this book came into being and its name Ben Oni Son of Sadness should indicate its origin Reinganum Aaron Hoeck Johann Daniel Albrecht 1825 Ben Oni oder die Vertheidigungen gegen die Gambitzuge im Schache Son of sorrow or Defenses against Gambits in Chess Frankfurt am Main Germany Hermann Saint Amant Le Palamede 1843 p 552 Nick Pope 1843 Staunton Saint Amant Paris Match Chess Archaeology Preston Ware vs Joseph Henry Blackburne 1882 Chessgames com http www chesscafe com shop 1166 excerpt pdf bare URL PDF Shakhriyar Mamedyarov vs Benjamin Finegold 2017 rapid Chessgames com Hall 1999 p 225 a b Bronznik 2011 p 210 Bronznik 2011 p 222 Bibliography Bronznik Valeri 2011 1 d4 Beat the Guerrillas Alkmaar New In Chess ISBN 978 90 5691 373 1 Hall Jesper August 1999 Seek and thou shalt find In Giddins Steve ed New In Chess The First 25 Years Alkmaar New In Chess published 2009 ISBN 978 90 5691 296 3 Further reading Edit The Wikibook Chess Opening Theory has a page on the topic of Benoni Defense Franco Zenon 2007 Chess Explained The Modern Benoni Gambit ISBN 978 1 904600 77 0 Komarov Dmitry Djuric Stefan Pantaleoni Claudio 2009 Chess Opening Essentials Vol 3 Indian Defences New In Chess ISBN 978 90 5691 270 3 Norwood David 1995 The Modern Benoni Cadogan ISBN 91 976005 2 0 Psakhis Lev 2003 The Complete Benoni Sterling Pub ISBN 0 7134 7765 2 Reinganum Aaron 1825 Ben Oni oder die Vertheidigungen gegen die Gambitzuge im Schache Frankfurt Verlag der Hermannschen Buchhandlung Watson John 2001 The Gambit Guide to the Modern Benoni Gambit ISBN 1 901983 23 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Benoni Defense amp oldid 1146764103, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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